Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of irrigation withholding and foliar potassium application on some physiological traits (photosynthesis, cell membrane stability and chlorophyll) and harvest index of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), an experiment was carried out using a split plot factorial based on a randomized ...
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In order to evaluate the effect of irrigation withholding and foliar potassium application on some physiological traits (photosynthesis, cell membrane stability and chlorophyll) and harvest index of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), an experiment was carried out using a split plot factorial based on a randomized complete blocks design with three replications in 2011-2012 in two locations: Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Research Institute, Karaj and Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Yazd. The experimental factors were included drought stress (three levels of irrigation withholdings were irrigation withheld from ear emergence to physiological maturity, irrigation withheld from grain filling to physiological maturity, and normal irrigation) foliar potassium application (without potassium application, 1.5 and 3.0% K2SO4) and genotype (two wheat cultivars of ‘Marvdasht’, ‘Pishtaz’and aline‘WS-82-9’). Results showed that the studied characteristics were significantly reduced by increasing drought stress level. The highest harvest index was observed in ‘WS-82-9’ in Karaj under normal irrigation (32.69%) and the lowest harvest index was obtained from ‘Marvdasht’cultivarin Yazd, under severe stress (11.50%). Genotypes were different for cell membrane stability and the lowest rate was belonged to ‘Marvdasht’ (35.5%). Foliar application of 3.0% K2SO4 caused to significant differences in physiological characteristics, especially for leaf photosynthesis under severe drought stress condition: photosynthesis increased 99.1 and 69.7% in Yazd and Karaj, respectively. It can be concluded that cultivating of ‘WS-82-9’ and spraying of 3.0% K2SO4 were effective to moderate drought stress, especially when fields have limitations for irrigation water at the end of crop life cycle.
FARIBA SAEDI; Said Mohsen Mosavi Nik; Abdoll Rahman Rahimian Boger
Abstract
In order to investigate effectsof different fertilizers on reduce negative effects of drought stress in chicory (Cichorium intybus L.), manure and poular fertilizers, Nano potassium and potassium sulfate were used on morphophysiological characteristics of chicory under drought stress. This experiment ...
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In order to investigate effectsof different fertilizers on reduce negative effects of drought stress in chicory (Cichorium intybus L.), manure and poular fertilizers, Nano potassium and potassium sulfate were used on morphophysiological characteristics of chicory under drought stress. This experiment was carried out in a factorial plot based with a randomized complete block design in three replications at the Agricultural Research farm of Zabol University in 2014-2015. Water stress treatments included 60, 90 and 120 mm water evaporation from evaporate pan class assigned to the first plots and different types of fertilizers included manure and poular fertilizers were applied at 30 ton/ha, and nano potassium (27percent) and potassium sulphat were applied 10 and 150 kg. Results showed that drought stresses were decreased the growth characteristics significantly, while application of different fertilizers were decreasing the negative effects of drought on growth characteristics, especially two organic fertilizers are effective on reduce the negative effects of drought. Also, the highest plant height, flower diameter, flower number, lateral branches, flower yield and shoot yield were obtained at manure fertilizer treatments. Strong stress was showed the lowest content of chlorophyll a and b significantly, but carotenoids and anthocyanin are increases. Application of manure fertilizer improve a / b chlorophylls, and carotenoids significantly under drought stress. So the highest anthocyanin obtained at Nano potassium treatment. Different fertilizer treatments have had significant effects on antioxidant enzymes activities in comparison with control treatment.
Hamid Jabbari; Nayyer Azam Khosh kholgh Sima; Gholam Abbas Akbari; Iraj Allahdadi; Amir Hossein Shirani rad; Ali Hamed
Abstract
In order to study of root system relationship with water relations in Rapeseed under drought stress conditions, a pot experiment was carried out in greenhouse at Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (Karaj) in 2012. Five winter Rapeseed genotypes were evaluated under four irrigation ...
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In order to study of root system relationship with water relations in Rapeseed under drought stress conditions, a pot experiment was carried out in greenhouse at Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (Karaj) in 2012. Five winter Rapeseed genotypes were evaluated under four irrigation treatments, using a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design. The results indicated that response of genotypes to irrigation treatments was different for stomata conductivity, SPAD value, root length and diameter, morphologic characteristics, yield and yield components. In control, Cooper produced the highest grain yield that due to higher silique number per plant, whereas, ‘Opera’ had the maximum grain yield under drought stress treatments. This subject was due to higher root depth and diameter in ‘Opera’ and on the basis of these characters, the high leaf area duration, stomata conductivity, silique number and grain number was observed in ‘Opera’. In conclusion, these results showed that role of root morphologic characteristics in Rapeseed adaptation to drought tolerance is powerful and an effective root system with last stomata conductivity, more leaf area duration and high silique number were more important for yield maintenance of Rapeseed under drought stress conditions.
Alireza Khaleghi; Rohangiz Naderi; Alireza Salami; Mesbah Babalar; Iman Roohollahi; Gholamreza Khaleghi
Abstract
Drought is one of the most important environmental factors which limit the growth of woody plants. Iran is located in arid and semi-arid area therefore the growth and cultivation of ornamental trees and shrubs were limited. For this purpose, effect of foliar-applied salicylic acid and/or spermidine (0, ...
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Drought is one of the most important environmental factors which limit the growth of woody plants. Iran is located in arid and semi-arid area therefore the growth and cultivation of ornamental trees and shrubs were limited. For this purpose, effect of foliar-applied salicylic acid and/or spermidine (0, 100, 500 and 1000 µmol) on reduce drought stress injuries of one-year seedlings ofOsage orange (Maclura pomifera) was examinedat the Horticultural Research Station, University of Tehran, in 2013.This study was conducted as a factorial based on completely randomized design with three replications. First, PGRs were foliar-applied for two consecutive days in during the early morning and the late afternoon and then plants were droughted by withholding water for 10 days. The damaging effects of drought on membrane leakage were reversed by low concentrations of salicylic acid and/or spermidine. Also, salicylic acid and spermidin at a concentration of 100 µmol stimulated catalase and superoxide dismutase activity, enhanced proline and chlorophyll content and maintained photochemical efficiency of chlorophyllunder drought stress. But Spermidine and salicylic acid at high concentrations were ineffective and/or inhibitors. Finally, our results showed that 100 µmol salicylic acid and/or spermidine maybe the best concentration for increasing of drought tolerance in young seedling, especially during transplanting and planting in permanent location.
Mahdieh Amirinejad; Gholamali Akbari; Amin Baghizadeh; Iraj allahdadi; Maryam Shahbazi; Masoomeh Naimi
Abstract
To determine the effects of drought stress and foliar application of zinc and iron on some biochemical parameters of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.), a greenhouse experiment was carried out at Graduate University of Advanced Technology of Kerman, Iran during 2011-2012. The experiment was conducted in factoriel ...
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To determine the effects of drought stress and foliar application of zinc and iron on some biochemical parameters of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.), a greenhouse experiment was carried out at Graduate University of Advanced Technology of Kerman, Iran during 2011-2012. The experiment was conducted in factoriel design based on randomized completely block with three replications. Three levels of water deficit 70 (well- watered), 50 and 30 (moderate and severe stress) percent of field capacity with treatments of Zn, Fe, Zn+Fe (5/1000) and non-foliar application (water) were used. Results show positive effects of iron and zinc foliar application under drouth stress on some biochemical parameters of cumin. Maximum quantities of total protein and proline (4.12 and 364.52 mg/gr Fw) and maximum quantities of soluble sugar (5.62 mg/gr Dw) were observed in severe stress with Zn+Fe treatment. Also zinc and iron foliar application decresed malondealdohide (9.16 and 5.06 µM/gr Fw) in moderate and severe stress conditions in cumin leaf, respectively. Drought stress and foliar application increased enzymes activities. Maximum quantities of enzymes activities (catalase: 28.51, gayacol peroxidase: 284.75 and superoxid dismutase: 50.99 U/mg protein) in leaves were observed in severe stress with Zn+Fe treatment too. According to our results, iron and zinc foliar application improves biochemical parameters in cumin under drouth stress.
Pejman Nikneshan; Ali Tadayyon; Mohammad Rafiolhosseini; Babak Bahraininejad
Abstract
In respect to drought crisis in the center of Iran, it needs valuable crops which adapt to such environments, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of drought stress on different castor ecotypes at two places (Isfahan and Shahrekord) in 2013. Experiment was carried out in split ...
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In respect to drought crisis in the center of Iran, it needs valuable crops which adapt to such environments, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of drought stress on different castor ecotypes at two places (Isfahan and Shahrekord) in 2013. Experiment was carried out in split plot arrangement in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications that four drought stress levels (non-stress equals 30, 45, 60 and 75 percent moisture depletion soil) as a main plot and six castor ecotypes (’Isfahan ‘, ’Ardesrtan ‘, ’Arak ‘, ’Naeen ‘, ’Yazd ‘ and ’Ahvaz‘) as a subplot in two mentioned places. The results from both experiments were analyzed by combined analysis. The measured traits were including plant height, leaf number per plant, LAI, capsule number per plant, seed number per plant, 100 seeds weight, grain yield, harvest index, oil percent and oil yield. The results showed that the highest seed yield and oil yield were related to ’Isfahan‘ ecotype in Isfahan region under control with 1388 and 673 kg/ha, respectively.
alireza torabi; Hassan Farahbakhsh; gholam reza khajoienejad
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of different irrigation regimes and zeolit on the yield, yield componentsand relative leaf water content of sorghum, a field experiment was conducted in split plot in time andspace based on randomized complete block design with three replicates in research station ...
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In order to investigate the effects of different irrigation regimes and zeolit on the yield, yield componentsand relative leaf water content of sorghum, a field experiment was conducted in split plot in time andspace based on randomized complete block design with three replicates in research station of ShahidBahonar University of Kerman in 2011. Irrigation regimes (100, 80, 60 and 40% of field capacity) anddifferent amounts of zeolite (control, 150 and 300 kg ha-1) were arranged as main and sub plots,respectively. Irrigation regimes showed significant effect on all traits (fresh weight, dry mater, height,relative water content etc.) except stem node number. Meantime, all the traits except stem height, relativewater content and the crop growth rate at the first and fourth stage of sampling affected by superabsorbent so that the highest amount of the measured traits were recorded for 300 kg ha-1 super absorbent.Interaction effect of the irrigation water × SAP × harvest was significant for fresh weight. The highestFW in second harvest belonged to I100 × 300 kg ha-1 SAP. At the end, it can be concluded that applicationof 300 kg ha-1 super absorbent in irrigation levels lower than field capacity will result in 20% increase inyield.
Alireza Abdolahpour; Mahmoud Ghasemnejad; Ali Momenpour; Ali Reza Eshkvari
Abstract
In this study, effect of irrigation duration on concentration of some macro and micro nutrient elements in ‘Thompson Navel’ orange leaves grafted on three rootstocks was evaluated as a factorial experiment in completely randomized block design. Factors included rootstocks in three levels ...
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In this study, effect of irrigation duration on concentration of some macro and micro nutrient elements in ‘Thompson Navel’ orange leaves grafted on three rootstocks was evaluated as a factorial experiment in completely randomized block design. Factors included rootstocks in three levels (Poncirus trifoliata, Citrus aurantium and Troyer citrange (Citrus sinensis ´ Poncitus trifoliata)) and irrigation durations in four levels (2, 4, 6 and 8 days). The results showed that rootstocks and irrigation duration can significantly affect scion leaf nutrient elements concentration. With irrigation of two days intervals, the differences among citrus rootstocks for nutrient elements absorption was significant. In two days interval of irrigation (no stress), significantly higher copper concentrations by sour orange, potassium concentrations by poncirus and phosphor, nitrogen, iron and zinc by Troyer citrange rootstocks were absorbed as measured in ‘Thompson Navel’ leaves. In 8 days interval irrigation treatment, significantly higher copper and zinc concentrations by sour orange, nitrogen and potassium concentrations by poncirus and phosphor by troyer citrange rootstocks were measured in 'Thompson navel' leaf as a scion. Overall, all rootstocks used in this study, that are common citrus rootstocks in the North of Iran, did not show any preference in nutrient element absorption at drought stress conditions.
Shakiba Shahmoradi; Mehdi Zahravi
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of water deficit stress in barley germplasm collection of National Gene Bank ofIran, 25 genotypes collected from arid and semi arid provinces of Iran and 3 sample cultivars werestudied in two environments including: non-stressed and water deficit stress. Agronomical, phenologicaland ...
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To evaluate the effects of water deficit stress in barley germplasm collection of National Gene Bank ofIran, 25 genotypes collected from arid and semi arid provinces of Iran and 3 sample cultivars werestudied in two environments including: non-stressed and water deficit stress. Agronomical, phenologicaland morphological traits were measured. Stress indices were calculated to determine tolerant genotypes.Based on correlation coeficiences, STI were better indicator of drought stress tolerance than the otherindices. Based on STI, morphotypes number 16, 24, 25 and 26 shown better stress tolerance potential thanthe other morphotypes. Stepwise regression between stress tolerance index (STI) and quantitave traitsindicates the important role of leaf area and specific leaf area of flag leaf under drought stress condition,in acclimation to drought conditions. It is also concluded that the 100 grain weight is the only trait undernormal condition witch shows a close relation with stress tolerance index.
Fatemeh Salarpour Ghoraba; Hassan Farahbakhsh
Abstract
Recently, application of SA has increased to improve plants resistance to stresses such as drought. Hence, to investigate SA effects on morphophysiological characteristics of Fennel(Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) under drought stress, a split plot experiment based on latin square design with three replications ...
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Recently, application of SA has increased to improve plants resistance to stresses such as drought. Hence, to investigate SA effects on morphophysiological characteristics of Fennel(Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) under drought stress, a split plot experiment based on latin square design with three replications was carried out at research farm of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman in 2012. Three levels of drought stress (50, 75 and 100% of field capacity) and 3 concentrations of SA (0, 0.5 and 1mM) were considered as main and sub plot respectively. Foliar application of SA was performed at 3 to 4 leaf growth stage and before application of drought stress. The results showed that drought stress reduced plant height, the number and length of internodes on the main stem , grain yield and leaf protein (14.2, 2.4, 31.5, 51 and 23.5 percent respectively) and increased lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide and phenolic compounds(66.6, 10.5 and 14.1 percent) compared to control. With increasing concentrations of salicylic acid, except for a reduction in lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide (31.8 and 13.7 percent) a significant increase was observed in other traits when compared to control. Interaction of drought stress and SA on internode length on the main stem, lipid peroxidation and protein were signified. it was concluded that salicylic acid whit concentration of 1 mM has an effective role in alevieting stress injuries induced by drought.
sayed ali tabatabaei
Abstract
One of the effects of reducing water content on soil is reduction of growth and development of seedlings and variation of field development of them. It was found that seed priming improves some characteristics of seedling and plant. An experiment was conducted for evaluating the effect of seed priming ...
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One of the effects of reducing water content on soil is reduction of growth and development of seedlings and variation of field development of them. It was found that seed priming improves some characteristics of seedling and plant. An experiment was conducted for evaluating the effect of seed priming by salicylic acid on some characteristics of barley seed at early growth stages, antioxidant enzyes activity and proline content under drought stress. The first factor was priming with salicylic acid (zero, 50, 100 and 150 ppm) and the second factor was three levels of drought (zero, -6 and -12 bar). The results showed that SA pretreatment effect on germination percentage, germination rate, dry weight, protein, catalase, ascorbat peroxidase activity and proline content were significant. The interaction effect of stress seed treatment on leaf number was not significant but the main factors were significant. The highest germination percentage (98.7), germination rate and seedling dry weight were found at 100 ppm concentrations of salicylic acid. Under drought stress conditions, protein content decreased but salicylic acid pretreatment increased the valuet. Also, drought stress conditions increased enzyme activity and proline content, but salicylic acid pretreatment decreased them.
Ali Tadayyon; Hajar Nadeali
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of drought stress on the physiological characteristics of salad burent (Poterium sanguisorba), a field experiment was conducted in split-plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications during 2010 growing season. Four levels of irrigation (20, 40, 60 and ...
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To evaluate the effect of drought stress on the physiological characteristics of salad burent (Poterium sanguisorba), a field experiment was conducted in split-plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications during 2010 growing season. Four levels of irrigation (20, 40, 60 and 80 percentage of available soil moisture) and three different ecotypes of Tehran, Semirom and Fereidon Shahr were used as main and sub plots, respectively at the three harvest stages (82, 112 and 142 days after planting).Water stress significantly affected on the shoot dry weight, leaf relative water content, protein (%), total chlorophyll and chlorophyll a and b, but effect of the ecotypes was only significant on shoot dry weight at all three stages and relative water content at second and third stages. Maximum shoot dry weight obtained in Tehran ecotype under 20 and 40% of available water at each three harvest stage. More relative water content was observed at 40% of available water at each harvest stage.
Farhad Azizi; Ali Mahrokh
Abstract
In order to comparison and determination of the best drought tolerance indices in sweet corn hybrids, an experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design in split plot lay out with three replications at Seed and Plant Improvement Institute in Karaj in 2006. Three irrigation levels (irrigation ...
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In order to comparison and determination of the best drought tolerance indices in sweet corn hybrids, an experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design in split plot lay out with three replications at Seed and Plant Improvement Institute in Karaj in 2006. Three irrigation levels (irrigation after 75 as control, 100 and 125 millimeters cumulative evaporation from class A evaporation pan) were assigned as main plots and 12 sweet corn hybrids include KSC403su, Chase, Esquire, Rival, Reveille, Diva, Shimmer, Shaker, PS107, Golda, Royalty and Rana were considered as sub plots. Mean Productivity (MP), Tolerance Index (TOL), Geometric Mean Productivity (GMP), Stress Susceptibility Index (SSI), Stress Tolerance Index (STI) were used to evaluate tolerance or sensitivity to drought stress of the hybrids. STI and GMP indices had a positive and significant correlation with grain yield in non-stress and stress conditions (mild and severe stress treatments). STI and GMP indices showed that Hybrids Diva and Golda had optimum yield in non-stress condition but their yield decreased in severe stress condition. Hybrids KSC403su, Esquire, Shimmer and Shaker had low yield in non-stress but they had suitable yield in severe stress condition. Hybrids Chase, Rival and Reveille had low yield in non-stress and severe stress conditions. Hybrids PS107, Royalty and Rana had optimum yield in both non-stress and stress condition. Therefore, they can be recommended to use in stress and optimum conditions.
Masoomeh Naeemi; Gholam Ali Akbari; Amir Hossein Shirani Rad; Tahereh Hassanlou; Gholam Abbas Akbari
Abstract
In order to evaluation the effect of zeolite application and selenium spraying on water relations traits and antioxidant enzymes in medicinal pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) at water deficit stress conditions, an experiment was conducted in factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications ...
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In order to evaluation the effect of zeolite application and selenium spraying on water relations traits and antioxidant enzymes in medicinal pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) at water deficit stress conditions, an experiment was conducted in factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications during 2010 in Takestan, Iran. The three levels of irrigation factor include normal irrigation (control), withhold irrigation at the flowering and fruit formation stages, zeolite factors include two levels of non application and use of 10 tons per hectare and selenium was sprayed at two concentration in zero and 30 grams per liter per hectare. Water deficit increased antioxidant enzymes activity, so that the increase in stressed plants at flowering stage was among the most prominent. Selenium spraying increased the anti-oxidative activity. Zeolite application of 10 tons per hectare, reduced stress effects and improved traits as RWC, WSD, soluble protein content, number of seeds, 100 seed weight and oil yield. According to the results, application of zeoilite under drought stress condition retain the moisture during stress and can be useful in improving plant growth and production.
Masoumeh Naeimi; Gholam Ali Akbari; Amir Hossein Shirani rad; Seyed Ali Mohammad Modarres-Sanavy; Seyed Ahmad Sadat nouri
Volume 12, Issue 2 , November 2010, , Pages 63-71
Abstract
To evaluate the drought stress effect at terminal growth stage on yield of 12 rapeseed cultivars, an experiment was conducted with split-plot arrangement based on randomized complete block design with four replications at experimental field of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj-Iran during 2005-06. ...
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To evaluate the drought stress effect at terminal growth stage on yield of 12 rapeseed cultivars, an experiment was conducted with split-plot arrangement based on randomized complete block design with four replications at experimental field of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj-Iran during 2005-06. Irrigation at two levels (irrigation after 80 mm evaporation from class A pan, as control and withholding irrigation from silique formation until crop maturing time, as stress conditins allowcated to main plots and twelve rapeseed cultivars were used in sub plots. The number of silique in main stem, number of silique in lateral branches, silique fertility ratio and grain yield were low in drought stress conditions (p< 0.05). There were significant variations in all studied traits between evaluated cultivars. Grain yield in drought stress treatment was decreased (30%), when silique abortion was occurred due to water stress. In full irrigation treatment (control), the grain yield of Orient cultivar (2817 kg.ha-1) and at drought conditions, the grain yield of Opera cultivar (2058 kg.ha-1) were the highest amounts. The lowest oil percentage (39.8) and the highest protein percentage (23.3) were for Talaye cultivar, while the highest oil percentage (42.6) was for Option500 cultivar.
Asghar Rahimi; Mohammad Reza Jahansooz; Hamid Rahimian mashhadi; Majid Pouryousef; Shahab Maddah Hosseini
Volume 11, Issue 2 , November 2009, , Pages 49-63
Abstract
Photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and leaf water potential characteristics were examined in two plantago species (Plantago ovata Forssk and P. psyllium L.), with gradually improving water stress for several days and permitting to recover by re-watering (withholding for 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days) in Melbourne ...
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Photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and leaf water potential characteristics were examined in two plantago species (Plantago ovata Forssk and P. psyllium L.), with gradually improving water stress for several days and permitting to recover by re-watering (withholding for 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days) in Melbourne University in 2006. Factorial experiments based on completely randomized design with four replications were used. The photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance decreased rapidly by withholding water. After re-watering the recovery rate of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance decreased gradually, as the days became longer. The different rates of recovery of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance followed by drought stress. However, the potentional of photosynthesis recovery was more than stomatal conductance. It is also concluded that French psyllium had higher mesophyl and stomatal conductance recovery when compared to Isabgul, although recovery of photosynthesis in Isabgul was higher than French psyllium. The results showed a clear and close correlation between leaf water potential and recovery level of photosynthesis rate and stomatal conductance. A close correlation was also observed between photosynthesis and leaf water potential, stomatal conductance and relative water content.