zahra Ahmadabadi; Mehdi Ghajar Sepanlou; Mohammad Ali Bahmanyar
Volume 13, Issue 2 , March 2012, Pages 1-12
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of vermicompost (VC) application on amount of micro elements in soil and plant organs of the medicinal plant of Borage (Borago officinalis), an experiment was carried out in split plot based on complete randomized block design with three replications in the research ...
Read More
In order to investigate the effect of vermicompost (VC) application on amount of micro elements in soil and plant organs of the medicinal plant of Borage (Borago officinalis), an experiment was carried out in split plot based on complete randomized block design with three replications in the research farm of the Sari University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources. fertilizer treatments include two levels (20 and 40 tons per hectare) of VC, mix VC and fertilizers, fertilizers, (fertilizers include 100 kg/hac potassium sulfate, 100 kg/hc super phosphate and 150 kg/hc urea) and control (without fertilizer and vermicompost) and years of consumption: 2006, 2006 and 2008, 2006 and 2007, 2006, 2007 and 2009, 2006, 2007 and 2008 and 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009. The results showed that fertilizer treatments had a significant effect on the rate of micro-elements in soil and plant. The years of consumption of fertilizer had a significant effect in all cases except the rate of Cu in the leaves and on the rate of Cu and Mn in petal. The interaction between the years of fertilizer consumption and fertilizer treatments on the rate of micro-elements absorbant in the soil were significantly different, where as significantly affected the Fe in the leaves and petals only. In conclusion, using vermicompost is recommended as an organic fertilizer.
Roghayeh Aminian; Shahram Mohammadi deh cheshme; Saadollah Houshmand; Mahmoud Khodambashi; Karim Nozad
Volume 13, Issue 2 , March 2012, Pages 13-25
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effects of stomatal size and frequency on stomatal conductance, photosynthesis rate and yield, and to locate the genes controlling these traits. Therefore, substitution lines series of ‘Timstein’ (Tim) into genetic background of ‘Chinese Spring’ ...
Read More
This study was conducted to determine the effects of stomatal size and frequency on stomatal conductance, photosynthesis rate and yield, and to locate the genes controlling these traits. Therefore, substitution lines series of ‘Timstein’ (Tim) into genetic background of ‘Chinese Spring’ (CS) were tested in a completely randomized block design with three replications under two normal and water stress conditions in Shahrekord University research farm. Stress condition was started at elongation stage and irrigation periods were scheduled based on pre-determined ‘Growth Degree Day’ (GDD) during the length of stress period. Significant differences were found among substitution lines in terms of stomatal frequency, stomatal size, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate and yield. The significant correlation was found between the yield with stomatal size (r = 0.450**) and stomatal frequency (r = 0.461**) in stress and non-stress condition, respectively. In addition, there were significant correlation between yield with photosynthetic rate (r = 0.556** in stress condition and r = 0.482** in non-stress condition) and stomatal conductance (r = 0.247** in stress condition and r = 0.457** in non-stress condition). Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that role of group B chromosomes was more prominent than the other two groups.
Mohsen Ebrahimi; Mohammad Golbashi; MohammadReza Bihamta; Abdolhadi Hossein zadeh; Manijeh Khiyalparast
Volume 13, Issue 2 , March 2012, Pages 27-40
Abstract
To study the phenotypic and genotypic diversity of some important agronomic traits associated with yield in white beans, 30 genotypes of white bean were evaluated using a randomized complete block design with four replications in two environments under water stress and non stress conditions. Analysis ...
Read More
To study the phenotypic and genotypic diversity of some important agronomic traits associated with yield in white beans, 30 genotypes of white bean were evaluated using a randomized complete block design with four replications in two environments under water stress and non stress conditions. Analysis of variance for most of the traits showed significant differences among genotypes, indicating the existence of genetic variation among varieties. Most traits were affected by the stress. The results indicated that grain yield, weight of pod, biological yield, number of grain per plant and number of pod per plant in white bean reduced under water stress condition whereas, evaluation of drought resistance in bean genotypes, showed that stress tolerance index (STI) and mean productivity (MP) and geometric mean productivity (GMP) were the best criteria for recognizing tolerant genotypes (21 and 30). Under both condition weight of pod was highly correlated with the grain yield. Factor analysis was performed for genotypes both under water stress and non stress conditions and under both conditions three common factor have been extracted, which described most of traits variations. Stepwise regression analysis showed that in water stress conditions, pod weight, harvest index, 100 grain weight and number of grain per plant and in non stress conditions pod weight, harvest index and biological yield have the highest effect on grain yield. Result of path analysis showed that the highest direct positive effect was related to weight of pod under both condition. In classification of genotypes based on phenotypic characteristics, using cluster analysis (UPGMA), all genotypes classification into three separate groups under non stress and stress condition.
Masuod Bakhshayeshi Geshlagh
Volume 13, Issue 2 , March 2012, Pages 41-49
Abstract
In order to study adapatability and yield stability of irrigated bread wheat cultivars Alvand, Alamout, Zarrin, Navid, Azar 2, Sabalan, Omid and Bezostiya this experiment was conducted in RCBD during three cropping seasons (2007-2010) in six cities. Simple ANOVA and combined analysis of variance for ...
Read More
In order to study adapatability and yield stability of irrigated bread wheat cultivars Alvand, Alamout, Zarrin, Navid, Azar 2, Sabalan, Omid and Bezostiya this experiment was conducted in RCBD during three cropping seasons (2007-2010) in six cities. Simple ANOVA and combined analysis of variance for three years in every location and also combined analysis of variance for three years and six locations were implemented. Lin and Binns parameter, environmental variance, Rick Ecovalance method and Shukla stability variance were used for determination of stable cultivars. Results of combined ANOVA (three years × six locations) showed that interaction effect of year × location × genotype was significant. The highest and lowest grain yield belonged to Alvand (3/74 tha1) and Azar 2 (2/72 tha1) cultivars. Results of stability analysis with Lin and Binns method showed that Zarrin cultivar had the lowest inside location variance for grain yield and the lowest environmental variance belonged to Azar 2 cultivar. Results of stability analysis with Shukla Stability variance method showed that Zarrin and Sabalan cultivars had the lowest Shukla stability variance, respectively. Also results of Rick Ecovalance method showed that Zarrin cultivar had the highest amount for this parameter. Zarrin and Sabalan cultivars had the lowest yield stability and can be recommended for studied locations.
Raouf Seyed sharif; Mir Naser Seyyedi; Mohammad Zaefizadeh
Volume 13, Issue 2 , March 2012, Pages 51-60
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of various levels of nitrogen fertilizer on nitrogen use efficiency and grain yield of canola cultivars, a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design was conducted in 2007. Factors were: nitrogen fertilizer at four levels (zero, 50, 100 and 150 kg/ha) in the ...
Read More
To evaluate the effect of various levels of nitrogen fertilizer on nitrogen use efficiency and grain yield of canola cultivars, a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design was conducted in 2007. Factors were: nitrogen fertilizer at four levels (zero, 50, 100 and 150 kg/ha) in the main plots and canola cultivars at three levels (‘Clover’, ‘Opera’ and ‘Okape’) in the sub plots. The results showed that the effects of cultivar and nitrogen levels were significant on grain yield, grain per plant, pod per plant, grain 1000 weight, harvest index and plant height. The interaction effects of cultivars in nitrogen levels were significant on grain yield, grain per plant, pod per plant and plant height. Means comparison showed that with increasing nitrogen levels, grain yield increasing. Response of canola cultivars was different to grain yield. The highest grain yield (1.18 ton/ha) was obtained in Opera cultivar and the least (0.78 ton/ha) of it was in Okape cultivar. Means comparison showed that the highest grain yield, grain per plant, pod per plant and plant height was obtained by the plots which applied 150 kg N/ha with Opera cultivar and the least of it was in Okape cultivar without nitrogen application. However, application of 100 and 150 kg N/ha had similar grain yield in Opera cultivar. Nitrogen use efficiency was significantly as affected by cultivar, nitrogen levels and cultivar × nitrogen levels. Means comparison showed that with increasing of nitrogen, decreased nitrogen use efficiency. Response of canola cultivars was different with nitrogen use efficiency. Maximum nitrogen use efficiency (5.26 kg/kg) was obtained in the plots which 100 kg nitrogen ha-1 with Opera cultivar was used and minimum (2.64 kg/kg) was obtained in the plots which 150 kg nitrogen ha-1 with okape cultivar was used.
Faribi Meighani; Seyed Mohammad Mirvakili; Mohammad Ali Baghestani
Volume 13, Issue 2 , March 2012, Pages 61-73
Abstract
This research was undertaken to determine the comparative phenology of swallow wort (Cynanchum acutum) in pistachio orchards and investigate the possibilities of its integrated management as a randomized complete block design with 18 treatments and three replications during 2007. The treatments consisted ...
Read More
This research was undertaken to determine the comparative phenology of swallow wort (Cynanchum acutum) in pistachio orchards and investigate the possibilities of its integrated management as a randomized complete block design with 18 treatments and three replications during 2007. The treatments consisted using Paraquat, Glyphosate, Triclopyr and removine the weed. The results indicated that swallow wort growth started from emerging at zero GDD and ends at 2848 cumulative GDD. Formation of pistachio shell was almost at the same time with the beginning of flowering and pollination of swallow wort and pistachio harvesting were taken during the middle of swallow worth fruiting. The corresponding stages for pistachio had cumulative GDD 2365. Overall, two times weed removal + Triclopyr was the best treatment for reduction of swallow worth stem number. Three times Paraquat three l/ha was the best treatment for reducing in swallow wort stem biomass (97%).
Zahra Mehrabi zadeh; Parviz Ehsan Zade
Volume 13, Issue 2 , March 2012, Pages 75-88
Abstract
Sesame could be an appropriate oilseed crop for water limited environments. This research was aimed at studying growth, leaf chlorophyll fluorescence, proline content, yield and yield components of sesame cultivars under different moisture regimes. A 4-replicate split plot RCBD field experiment was conducted ...
Read More
Sesame could be an appropriate oilseed crop for water limited environments. This research was aimed at studying growth, leaf chlorophyll fluorescence, proline content, yield and yield components of sesame cultivars under different moisture regimes. A 4-replicate split plot RCBD field experiment was conducted at the Lavark Research Farm, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran in 2007. Three levels of irrigation consisting I1 = control (no water deficit), I2 = moderate water deficit and I3 = severe water deficit, representing irrigation after 75, 110 and 145 mm evaporation from the standard Class A Pan, respectively, served as main plots. Four sesame genotypes consisting ‘Non Branching Naz’, ‘Yekta’, ‘Varamin’ and ‘Oltan’ were considered as sub plots. Irrigation regimes and cultivars differed in terms of Fm at grain filling stage, though they did not differ in terms of leaf chlorophyll content and Fv/Fm. The latter trait decreased non-significantly from 0.81 at the I1 to 0.77 at the I3 level of irrigation. Leaf proline content increased from 3.5 at I1 to 8.6 mgg-1 at the I3 level of irrigation. Severe water deficit decreased LAI, pod/plant, seed/pod, grain yield and dry matter by 55, 42, 37, 48 and 49 percent, respectively. Severe water deficit led to a significant decrease in grain yield from 1212 to 625 kg/ha. It seems that water deficit affects sesame growth and grain yield significantly and this negative effect is mainly through a reduction in the photosynthetic surfaces, rather than a decrease in the maximum of quantum efficiency for photosystem II of the present genotypes. Yekta and Varamin sesame were more productive compared to the rest of cultivars.