Behzad Azadegan; Reza Amiri
Volume 12, Issue 1 , May 2010, Pages 1-9
Abstract
The objective of this research was to study the effect of fertilizer management on the yield increase of crop plants. The extra amounts of applied fertilizers were studied by comparison between allocated, applied and recommended fertilizers’ amounts for: wheat, barley, corn and alfalfa with four ...
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The objective of this research was to study the effect of fertilizer management on the yield increase of crop plants. The extra amounts of applied fertilizers were studied by comparison between allocated, applied and recommended fertilizers’ amounts for: wheat, barley, corn and alfalfa with four replicates and the other data was gathered via questionnaires. Soil analysis of phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen amounts was performed in 20 fields and analysis of data was conducted base on complete randomized block design. Comparison of the averages was showed that there were significant differences between the amounts of allocated, applied and recommended fertilizers (P? 0.05). The average amounts of extra applied and extra distributed fertilizers were 382.9 and 150.6 Kg.ha-1 more than the recommended amounts, respectively. However, there was no significance increase in yield. 12 and 28% of farmers used the fertilizers in the basis of recommended and allocated, respectively and 60% of them used more than recommended amounts. Excess fertilizer application due to improper management causes reduction of soil and water quality.
Adel Amiri; Enayatollah Tohidi nejad; Mohammad Ali Javaheri; Ghasem Mohammadi nejad
Volume 12, Issue 1 , May 2010, Pages 11-19
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effects of planting date, genotype and Azetobacter on wheat, the experiment was conducted in Bardsir Agricultural Research station in 1358. Planting date was mentioned as main factor in three levels (15th of Mehr, 5th of Aban and 25th of Aban), Azetobacter in three levels and ...
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In order to evaluate the effects of planting date, genotype and Azetobacter on wheat, the experiment was conducted in Bardsir Agricultural Research station in 1358. Planting date was mentioned as main factor in three levels (15th of Mehr, 5th of Aban and 25th of Aban), Azetobacter in three levels and three different genotype of wheat including, C80-2, C80-4 and Alvand (control) were treated as Split factoriel in RCBD with three replication. The measured traits at harvesting time was, mean on spikelet per spike, plant height, Spike length, Number of tiller, straw weight, 1000 grain weight, grain protein, and grain yield. There is significant difference among different planting dates, also the interaction of Genotype× azetobactor was significant for yield, the highest yield was belonged to Alvand with inoculation with Azetobacter white C80-4 had showed the lowest yield without inculation. The interaetion of planting date × Genotype C80-2 was the best the in the 5th Aban white this line had the lowest yield on 25th Aban. At the whole experiment Alvand showed the highest yield with inoculation, at 5th Aban as planting date, while C80-4 had the lowest in 25 of Abab and without inoculation. According to the result of this research, Azetobacter as an useful biological fertilizer would be advisable, due to facilating the Application and Economic benefit, For the farmers. Also it is advised to the farmers for planting Alvand as a good variety, and also planting in 5th of Aban because of escape of temperature stress.
Ahmad Jafari; Mehrdad Mahlooji
Volume 12, Issue 1 , May 2010, Pages 21-27
Abstract
In order to selection of superior cold tolerant barley genotypes for cold regions of Esfahan province, this study was conducted with nine barley varieties/lines in Fereidan area, and in two successive years (2002-2004). The research was carried out in on-farm pattern experiment and in a CRB design. Results ...
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In order to selection of superior cold tolerant barley genotypes for cold regions of Esfahan province, this study was conducted with nine barley varieties/lines in Fereidan area, and in two successive years (2002-2004). The research was carried out in on-farm pattern experiment and in a CRB design. Results showed that grain yield and some of yield components affected by year, variety and their interactions, significantly. Positive and significant correlation observed between grain yields and numbers of spikes per square meter. Changes of numbers of spikes per square meter were main cause of grain yield variations. Grain yields correlated with thousand kernel weight, negatively and significantly. The grain yield of CB-74-2 barley line was the highest in all years, significantly. Also, the grain yield of IFN-12 and IFN-13 barley lines, selected from Esfahan province’s local varieties, were significantly higher than check variety (Makooii).
Vahid Reza Jalali; Mahdi Homaei
Volume 12, Issue 1 , May 2010, Pages 29-40
Abstract
Canola response to root media salinity highly depends on its phenological stage. In most investigations, this fact is neglected. Therefore in most studies a single threshold value for each plant is introduced. The objective of this study was to investigate the quantitative response of canola to salinity. ...
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Canola response to root media salinity highly depends on its phenological stage. In most investigations, this fact is neglected. Therefore in most studies a single threshold value for each plant is introduced. The objective of this study was to investigate the quantitative response of canola to salinity. The study was done in two different experiments. In the first experiment, canola was exposed to salinity from the first growth stage. In second experiment, plants were irrigated with saline water only at final growth stage. Both experiments were conducted on a natural saline loamy sand soil, using salinity treatments including a non-saline water (tap water) and eight saline waters of levels (3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 15 and 17 dS.m-1). The Maas and Hoffman, van Genuchten and Hoffman, Dirksen et al., and Homaei et al., models were used to predict relative yield as a function of soil salinity. The obtained results based on the calculated maximum error (ME), root mean square error (RMSE), coefficient of determination (CD), modeling efficiency (EF) and coefficient of residual mass (CRM) statistics indicated the Homaee et al., model provides better prediction for both experiments.
Saeed Davazdah Emami; Mohammad Reza Jahansooz; Fatemeh Sefidkon; daryoush mazaheri
Volume 12, Issue 1 , May 2010, Pages 41-47
Abstract
In order to compare planting season effect on agronomic of characters and yield of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) an experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications was conducted in 2006-07 in Esfahan province and three planting seasons (spring, summer and autumn) were evaluated. ...
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In order to compare planting season effect on agronomic of characters and yield of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) an experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications was conducted in 2006-07 in Esfahan province and three planting seasons (spring, summer and autumn) were evaluated. Essential oil compositions were obtained by Clevenger and recognized by GC-Mass and GC. According to results, the majority of seedlings were injured in autumn planting date (November) and effect of planting seasons on fresh and dry biological yields and essential oil of foliage were significant. In spring (March) and summer (June), fresh and dry biological yields were 5.4, 1.1 kg/m2 and 3.7, 0.8 kg/m2, respectively. Essential oil quantity was also 10.2 and 5.3 cc/m2, respectively. The most important components in essence were carvon with 58.5 and 52.2% in spring and summer seasons, respectively. Thus, cultivation of dill in spring and summer seasons in order to produce seed, foliage and essential oil was successful.
Mohammad Reza Labbafi; Faribi Meighani; Hamideh Khalaj; Mohammad Ali Baghestani Meibodi; Iraj Allah dadi; Ali Mehrafarin
Volume 12, Issue 1 , May 2010, Pages 49-57
Abstract
Equal-compartment-agar method was used for studying the effect of allelopathic interaction of wheat and some problematic weeds in wheat. This experiment was accomplished as factorial in complete randomized design with 3 replications in weed research department of Crop Protection Research Institute, Tehran, ...
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Equal-compartment-agar method was used for studying the effect of allelopathic interaction of wheat and some problematic weeds in wheat. This experiment was accomplished as factorial in complete randomized design with 3 replications in weed research department of Crop Protection Research Institute, Tehran, Iran during 2006. The treatments were Niknejad cultivar in 4 densities 0, 8, 16 and 24 seedlings in glass tube and wheat weed spices: rye, oat, field bindweed and hairy vetch. The results indicated that the length of weeds was affected by wheat exudates more than their dry weight and similarly, rootlet was affected more than hypocotyl. In general growth of monocot species was decreased by wheat more than that of dicot species. Except hypocotyl length and dry weight, the increase in wheat density added the inhibition on weeds. Weed species had significant effect only on wheat hypocoty length and dry weight. mean while, oat was shown to be the most inhibitor. Except seedling hypocotyl length and dry weight, treatment of 16 wheat seedling density, caused the increase in wheat growth and dry weight.
Hossein Ghorbani Mandolakani; Manoochehr Khodarahmi; Farrokh Darvish; Mohammad Taeb
Volume 12, Issue 1 , May 2010, Pages 59-67
Abstract
In order to determine the relationship between yield and some morphological and physiological traits, as well as important traits that affect grain yield in bread wheat, a field experiment was conducted at Cereal Research Farm, Seed and Plant Improvement Institue, KaraJ in 2007. Three hundred and thirty ...
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In order to determine the relationship between yield and some morphological and physiological traits, as well as important traits that affect grain yield in bread wheat, a field experiment was conducted at Cereal Research Farm, Seed and Plant Improvement Institue, KaraJ in 2007. Three hundred and thirty five bread wheat recombinant inbred lines were evaluated in an Alpha Lattice design with two replications. Grain yield was positively correlated with all of the yield components, but was negatively correlated with days to heading, days to anthesis, days to ripening, extrusion peduncle length and second internode length. In stepwise regression, grain production rate was the first variable entered in the model and explained a higher percentage variation in grain yield. Path analysis showed that grain production rate and biological yield (0.534 & 0.532) exerted the most direct effects on grain yield. On the basis of these result, it is suggested that criteria such as number of spike per m2, number of grain per m2, seed weight per spike, biological yield production rate , grain production rate and biological yield could be considered as effective criteria for selecting towards grain yield improvement in bread wheat.
Masoumeh Abbasi; Mokhtar Heidari
Volume 12, Issue 1 , May 2010, Pages 69-79
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of fruit (seed) maturity on seed germination and seedling growth in mango (Mangifera indica L.) in Minab (Hormozgan province) in 2007. A completely randomized design with 5 treatments consisted of five stage of fruit harvest (85, 95, 105, 115 and 125 ...
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This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of fruit (seed) maturity on seed germination and seedling growth in mango (Mangifera indica L.) in Minab (Hormozgan province) in 2007. A completely randomized design with 5 treatments consisted of five stage of fruit harvest (85, 95, 105, 115 and 125 days after anthesis, respectively) and 4 replications was used. The results revealed that the maximum seed germination (70.67%) was found in treatment T5 (125 days after anthesis) at a time when the fruit was matured. But, the shoot length, stem diameter, leaf number and leaf area of 6 or 12 months old seedlings were also found better in treatment T1 and T2 (85 and 95 days after anthesis, respectively). Also, shoot dry weight and root index (root dry weight/ root length) of 12 months old seedlings were also found better in treatment T1 (85 days after anthesis). Therefore, the seeds of mango should be collected before fruit ripening, at a time when the fruit is immature for better seedling growth and vigor index.
Reza Rezaie; Kourosh Vahdati
Volume 12, Issue 1 , May 2010, Pages 81-93
Abstract
To determine the effect of mother stock vigor and auxin on callusing and rooting ability of walnut four trials were carried out in Kahriz Agricultural Research Station during 2006-2007. In cutting trials, the semi-hardwood or hardwood cuttings from each of three clusters of seedling vigor were collected ...
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To determine the effect of mother stock vigor and auxin on callusing and rooting ability of walnut four trials were carried out in Kahriz Agricultural Research Station during 2006-2007. In cutting trials, the semi-hardwood or hardwood cuttings from each of three clusters of seedling vigor were collected in late September in 2006 and after treating with IBA were planted under mist and bottom heat condition or reversed silo. The mother stock vigor and hormone was only affected callus formation with no effect on rooting. Treating the base of callused cuttings with reduced concentration of IBA was not effective in stimulating of rooting on callus surface. In response to the modified stool layering with application of lanoline paste containing three auxins (IAA, IBA and NAA), average number of roots per layer and rooting score in low-vigor mother stocks were 7.8 and 4.2 (from 5), respectively and significantly improved compared to high-vigor ones. Improved rooting of low-vigor stocks imply on a substantial structural/and or hormonal differences among mother stocks with different vigor and provides the possibility of selection of easy to root clones in walnut.