Mohammad Sayyari; Sajjad Alvandi
Abstract
In order to preserving of button mushroom during storage, an experiment was carried out through a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design. In this research the effect of calcium ascorbate (0, 0.4 and 0.8 percent) and hot water treatment (45°C) was investigated on qualitative ...
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In order to preserving of button mushroom during storage, an experiment was carried out through a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design. In this research the effect of calcium ascorbate (0, 0.4 and 0.8 percent) and hot water treatment (45°C) was investigated on qualitative characteristics such as weight loss, firmness, vitamin C, total phenol, polyphenol oxidase activity (PPO) and color parameters. After treatment, mushrooms were kept at 1 ± 0.5°C and 90% relative humidity and then qualitative characteristics were evaluated after 0, 10, 15, 20 and 25 days. The results showed that calcium ascorbate associated with heat treatment had significant effects on weight loss, firmness, color parameters and PPO activity. The effect of time on all parameters in statistical level 1% and the interaction effect of treatment and time on weight loss, color parameters and PPO activity were significant. The best results in preserving mushroom quality appeared to be obtained from 0.8% calcium ascorbate with heat treatment.
Tayebeh Zareei; SEYED ABDOLREZA KAZEMEINI; Hossein Ghadiri
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of varying doses of haloxifhope-R-methyl ester herbicide on grass weeds grown at various stages in 2011-2012 growing season in Research Farm of College of Agriculture, Shiraz University. The study was carried out as split split plot based on randomized ...
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A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of varying doses of haloxifhope-R-methyl ester herbicide on grass weeds grown at various stages in 2011-2012 growing season in Research Farm of College of Agriculture, Shiraz University. The study was carried out as split split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replicates. Treatments were haloxifhope-R-methyl ester herbicide doses (0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 L/ ha) as main factor, surfactant (with and without) as sub factor and time of herbicide application (2 leaf, 6 leaf and tillering of grass weeds) as sub sub factor. A check treatment (weedy) was also included. A rise of herbicide dose, decreased wild oat and foxtail dry weight 35.7 and 12.6 gr/m2, respectively. The results showed that the delay in herbicide application and reduction of herbicide dose decreased grain yield and its components. The highest reduction in grain yield was obtained with 0.6 L/ ha haloxifhope-R-methyl ester herbicide at tillering stage. Application of surfactant caused a decrease in weed dry weight compared to no surfactant and also increased grain yield significantly. In general, to achieve maximum grain yield and the best grass weed control, application of 1 L/ ha haloxifhope-R-methyl ester with surfactant use at 2-leaf in safflower field is recommended.
Mohammad Ghasem Jami; Amir Ghalavand; Seyed Ali Mohammad Modares Sanavy
Abstract
To decrease the use of chemical fertilizers and improving the yield and yield components of sunflower, a field experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of Tarbiat Modares University in 2014 and 2105. Three irrigation regimes (irrigation after depleting 40, 60 and 80% of soil water at field capacity ...
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To decrease the use of chemical fertilizers and improving the yield and yield components of sunflower, a field experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of Tarbiat Modares University in 2014 and 2105. Three irrigation regimes (irrigation after depleting 40, 60 and 80% of soil water at field capacity (FC)), three soil fertility systems (100% farmyard manure (35% chicken manure + 65% sheep manure), 50% farmyard manure + 50% chemical fertilizer and 100% chemical fertilizer (urea)) and three zeolite rates (0, 5 and 10 ton ha-1) were studied in a split factorial arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications, with irrigation regimes as the main plots, and factorial combination of the other two factors as the subplots. Over two experimental years, there were significant increases in grain yield and water use efficiency by applying either 100% farmyard manure (28.2 + 14.6 ton sheep + chicken manure ha-1, respectively) or integrated fertilizer (14.1 + 7.3 ton sheep + chicken manure ha-1, respectively plus 65 kg urea ha-1) with 5 or 10 ton zeolite ha-1 under all irrigation treatments. Based on the results, irrigation after depleting 40% of soil water at FC was revealed as a most performance of all treatment combinations. The highest oil and protein concentrations of grain were obtained with zeolite application under non-stress conditions. Chemical fertilizer application increased grain protein concentration, while organic manure increased grain oil concentration.
Pejman Nikneshan; Ali Tadayyon; Mohammad Rafiolhosseini; Babak Bahraininejad
Abstract
In respect to drought crisis in the center of Iran, it needs valuable crops which adapt to such environments, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of drought stress on different castor ecotypes at two places (Isfahan and Shahrekord) in 2013. Experiment was carried out in split ...
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In respect to drought crisis in the center of Iran, it needs valuable crops which adapt to such environments, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of drought stress on different castor ecotypes at two places (Isfahan and Shahrekord) in 2013. Experiment was carried out in split plot arrangement in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications that four drought stress levels (non-stress equals 30, 45, 60 and 75 percent moisture depletion soil) as a main plot and six castor ecotypes (’Isfahan ‘, ’Ardesrtan ‘, ’Arak ‘, ’Naeen ‘, ’Yazd ‘ and ’Ahvaz‘) as a subplot in two mentioned places. The results from both experiments were analyzed by combined analysis. The measured traits were including plant height, leaf number per plant, LAI, capsule number per plant, seed number per plant, 100 seeds weight, grain yield, harvest index, oil percent and oil yield. The results showed that the highest seed yield and oil yield were related to ’Isfahan‘ ecotype in Isfahan region under control with 1388 and 673 kg/ha, respectively.
Mehdi Joudi
Abstract
The time and duration of developmental stages (phonological events) are important in grain yield determination of wheat. The aim of this research was to study the ratio of post- to pre-anthesis duration in wheat plant and to investigate its possible association with grain yield.Eighty-one wheat cultivars ...
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The time and duration of developmental stages (phonological events) are important in grain yield determination of wheat. The aim of this research was to study the ratio of post- to pre-anthesis duration in wheat plant and to investigate its possible association with grain yield.Eighty-one wheat cultivars were grown at research farm of Moghan College of Agriculture and Natural Resources-University of Mohaghegh Ardabili under well-watered conditions during 2010-2011 growing season. The dates of anthesis, and physiological maturity were recorded. Grain filling period (GFP) was recorded as the period from anthesis to physiological maturity. With the objective of including temperature effects on the lengths of growth phases, all developmental stages were expressed in the form of growing degree days (GDD). The ratio of post to pre anthesis duration was calculated as the amount of GDD from anthesis to maturity (GFP) divided by the amount of GDD from sowing to anthesis. Results showed that examined cultivars had significantly differences with respect to grain yield where this trait range from 293 to 746 gram per square meter. Crossed Alborz, Akbari, and Naz were the most productive cultivars whereas Shahpasand, Omid, and Sardari performed visa versa. Close association (r=0.79, P < 0.01) was found between grain yield and biological yield. In addition, grain yield correlated significantly and positively with grain number per square meter (r=0.74, P < 0.01) and with thousand-grain weight (r=0.42, P < 0.01). Large variations were found among tested cultivars with respect to thermal time from sowing to anthesis.
mehrdad ranjbar; Fardin Sadegh-Zadeh; mostafa emadi; Mehdi Ghajar Sepanlou; Abdolghafour Ahmadpour Dashliboroun
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of different biochar and chemical fertilizers on growth and nutrient concentrations of sugarcane, a factorial layout has been conducted based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in the greenhouse of Imam Khomeini Agro-Industrial Company in ...
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In order to investigate the effect of different biochar and chemical fertilizers on growth and nutrient concentrations of sugarcane, a factorial layout has been conducted based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in the greenhouse of Imam Khomeini Agro-Industrial Company in Khuzestan during 2020. The experimental factors include biochar types (sugarcane bagasse, rice husk, rice straw, wheat straw and wood chips) and Chemical fertilizers ((control), (Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium), (Nitrogen and Phosphorus), (Nitrogen and Potassium), (Phosphorus and Potassium), (Nitrogen), (Phosphorus), (Potassium)). The effect of interaction between biochar and chemical fertilizer treatments on the concentration of silicon, phosphorus and potassium of the plant has been significant at one percent and on the concentration of plant nitrogen at five percent. Also, the effect of interaction between biochar and chemical fertilizer treatments on fresh and dry weight of the plant has been significant at one percent and on plant height at five percent. The highest concentration of Si has been gained from the treatments of mixture of rice straw biochar and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, mixture of rice straw biochar and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer. Compared to the control, the treatments of mixture of rice straw biochar and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer have had the highest concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in the plant, increasing the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus by 49% and 36%, respectively. The highest height and fresh weight of the plant are related to the treatments of mixture of rice straw biochar and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. According to the results, the application of biochar and chemical fertilizers mixture is recommended to increase the growth and nutrient concentrations of sugarcane.
Hamed Narimani; Raouf Seyed Sharif; Fatemeh Aghaei
Abstract
Objective: This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of nanoparticles (Zn and Si) and putrescine on grain-filling components of wheat under salinity stress.
Methods: An experimental factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was held in the research greenhouse ...
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Objective: This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of nanoparticles (Zn and Si) and putrescine on grain-filling components of wheat under salinity stress.
Methods: An experimental factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was held in the research greenhouse of the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili during 2022. Factors experimental included salinity at four levels (no application of salinity as a control, application of 40, 80 and 120 mM salinity with NaCl), nanoparticle and putrescine foliar application at eight levels (foliar application with water as a control, foliar application of 50 mg.L-1 of Si, foliar application of 1 g.L-1 of Zn, foliar application of 1 mM putrescine, foliar application of Si-Zn, foliar application of Si and putrescine, foliar application of Zn and putrescine, foliar application of Si-Zn and putrescine).
Results: The results showed that the highest grain-filling period and effective grain-filling period were obtained in nanoparticles and putrescine foliar application. This treatment combination under no salinity increased root weight and volume (48.1 and 53.03% respectively), chlorophyll index (45.75%), and grain-filling rate (20%). There was an increase of 45.34, 62.72, 40.5, 36.21 and 37.37%, respectively, in plant height, spike length, number of grains per spike, 100 grains weight and grain yield under no salinity and foliar application with nanoparticle and putrescine in compared with no foliar application under 120 mM salinity.
Conclusion: It seems that the foliar application of nanoparticles and putrescine under salinity can increase the yield of wheat by improving root characteristics and grain-filling components.
Farnaz Faraji; Masoud Esfahani; Mohammad Reza Alizadeh; Ali Alami
Abstract
In order to evaluate the morphological characteristics and lodging related traits and carbohydrate content of culm and carbohydrate remobilization in traditional and improved rice cultivars, a field experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications at Rice Research Institute ...
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In order to evaluate the morphological characteristics and lodging related traits and carbohydrate content of culm and carbohydrate remobilization in traditional and improved rice cultivars, a field experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications at Rice Research Institute of Iran )Rasht( in 2012 and 2013. Rice genotypes included three native rice cultivars (Hashemi, Sangjo and Alikazemi) and six improved (Kadous, Gohar, Khazar, Sepidrood, Deylam and Dorfak) and three promising lines (831, 841 and 416). On the basis of this results, the greatest amount of breaking resistance were observed in third and fourth internods of Khazar. Furthermore, significant positive correlation were observed between average diameter of internode, fresh weight/length of internode and unsoluble carbohydrate content of culm in anthesis and maturity stages with breaking resistance of third and forth internods. Also, significant positive correlation was observed between number of parenchyma cells and unsoluble carbohydrate content of culm in anthesis and maturity stages. On the other hand, there was significant negative correlation between carbohydrate remobilization and breaking resistance of third and forth internods. Principal component analysis classified plant characteristics to two groups. The first factor was named as lodgigng resistance factor and included 71.01 percent of total variation. The second factor with 19.74 percent of total variation was named as morphological lodging sensitivity factor. According to the results of this experiment, it seems that average diameter, thikness and weight/length of internode, have major roles in rice plant resistance to lodging.
Hemmatollah Pirdashti; Behrouz Mahmoudi; Mohammad Yaghubi
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted to investigate the spatial distribution of weeds at the Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University in 2011. Field was divided into 42 grids (1.5×1.5 feet) then all samples were taken from grids intersection points before corn planting, after harvesting ...
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A field experiment was conducted to investigate the spatial distribution of weeds at the Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University in 2011. Field was divided into 42 grids (1.5×1.5 feet) then all samples were taken from grids intersection points before corn planting, after harvesting and ear emergence stage. Weed maps and semi variance analysis carried out using RW99 and Gs+ softwares. The results showed that the highest amount of weed population belongs to prostrate pigweed, nutsedge and redroot pigweed, respectively. There was a strong and moderate spatial correlation as spherical and exponential variograms model at all stages of sampling. The seed banks were patches with different sizes and densities. Seed bank patchy pattern at the beginning of season was in accordance with seed bank at the end of season. Knowing the seed bank density, we can forecast weed seedling density during crop growing season.
Peyman Sharifi; Unes Izadpanah; Mohammad Naghi Safarzad Vishekaei; Mohammad Arash Tahmourespour
Abstract
A factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was carried out in order to study the effects of tuber size, nitrogen fertilizer and harvest date on yield and yield components of potato. This experiment was conducted in a grower’s farm in Uraki village ...
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A factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was carried out in order to study the effects of tuber size, nitrogen fertilizer and harvest date on yield and yield components of potato. This experiment was conducted in a grower’s farm in Uraki village located in Chabahar city, in 2011. In this experiment, the treatments were two levels of tuber size (smaller and larger than 35 mm), four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1) and two levels of harvest date (105 and 112 days after emergence). The results of analysis of variance indicated that effects of tuber size, nitrogen rate and tuber size × nitrogen rate interaction effect were significant for all of the studied traits at 0.01 probability level. Effect of harvest date was significant on total tuber yield, number of large tubers, tuber yield and dry matter. The results of this experiment indicated increasing nitrogen up to 120 kg ha-1,increased total tuber number, number of large tubers, tuber yield and dry matter. But using up to 180 kg of nitrogen per hectare reduced these traits. According to the results of this research, it seems that under our experiments condition, tuber size larger than 35 mm, using 120 kg nitrogen per hectare which harvested 112 days after emergence date of tubers (1st of April) produced 41500 kg ha-1 tuber which is suitable to gain the highest yield of tubers for planting the 'Sante' cultivar.
Faezeh Zaefarian; Milad Bagheri Shirvan
Abstract
In order to assess soybean, sweet basil and borage yield intercropping system, an experiment wasconducted based on randomized complete blocks design with 9 treatments and three replicates in 2011.Treatments were consisted of replacement ratios of 75: 25, 50: 50, 25: 75 soybean: sweet basil and borageand ...
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In order to assess soybean, sweet basil and borage yield intercropping system, an experiment wasconducted based on randomized complete blocks design with 9 treatments and three replicates in 2011.Treatments were consisted of replacement ratios of 75: 25, 50: 50, 25: 75 soybean: sweet basil and borageand pure culture of each plant. The results showed that the first pod in 75: 25 soybean: borage and solecropping of soybean observed to be positioned at upper height than other treatments. The node number ofstem was more in intercropping treatments than sole crop. In intercropping treatments, the pod numberper plant except 25: 75 soybean: borage and seed number per plant except 25: 75 and 50: 50 soybean:borage was higher than sole crop. Seed yield and biological yield was decreased by increasing sweet basiland borage proportions in intercrop except 75: 25 soybean: sweet basil. The seed yield and dry weight ofplant of intercropping was higher than pure culture of soybean. Yield of sweet basil in both growth periodand also seed yield of borage was decreased through increasing soybean presence. Area-time equivalentratio indicated 9, 11 and 14 percent advantages of the 75: 25 soybean and sweet basil and borage ratio and50: 50 soybean and borage compared to monoculture, respectively.
Ali Momenpour; Davood Bakhshi; Ali Imani; Hamed Rezaie
Abstract
The types of scion-rootstock compound and level of salinity affect on growth characteristics and concentration of nutrition elements of almond leaves and roots. In order to evaluate the effect of salinity stress on vegetative traits and concentration of nutrition elements of leaves and roots almond genotypes, ...
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The types of scion-rootstock compound and level of salinity affect on growth characteristics and concentration of nutrition elements of almond leaves and roots. In order to evaluate the effect of salinity stress on vegetative traits and concentration of nutrition elements of leaves and roots almond genotypes, a experiment was carried out with two factors; cultivar in four levels including ‘Shahrood 12’, ‘Touno’, ‘1-16’ budded on GF677 rootstock and GF677 and water salinity in five levels including zero, 1.2, 2.4, 3.6 and 4.8 g/l of sodium chloride salt (with the electrical conductivity of 0.5, 2.5, 4.9, 7.3 and 9.8 ds/m, respectively). The result showed that with increasing salinity concentration, branch height, branch diameter, and number of produced leaves and percentage of green leaves have been reduced but percentage of necrotic leaves and percentage of downfall leave were increased. The result showed that in the total genotypes studied, the highest rate of Na+ (2.12%), Cl- (4.94%), ratio Na+/K+ (2.03%), ratio Na+/Ca++ (1.92%), ratio Na+/Mg++ (6.81%), ratio Na+/P (14.07%), and the lowest rate of Ca++ (1.06%), Mg++ (0.33%), P (0.146%), Zn++ (32.7 ppm), Cu++ (9.33 ppm), in leaves was observed in treatment 9.8 ds/m of NaCl. The result showed that type of scion was affected in obstruction of Na+ absorption by the roots and their transported to leaves. In the total level of salinity studied, ‘Shahrood 12’ was the lowest rate of Na+, Cl-, ratio Na+/K+, ratio Na+/Ca++, ratio Na+/Mg++, ratio Na+/P and the highest ratio Cl-/ Na+. Also, this cultivar can tolerate high level of salinity (7.3 ds/m), by increasing content of K+ (1.65%),Cu++ (9.62 ppm), Fe++ (22.30 ppm), Zn++ (50.45 ppm) more than other genotypes studied in this research, to deal with the devastating effects of Na+. Overall, ‘Shahrood 12’ was recognized as the most tolerant cultivar to salinity stress.
Dariush Atashkar; Adel Pyrayesh; maryam Dodangh Balakhani; Amir Taghizadeh
Abstract
This study has been performed to compare DAT1, a new mid-season apple genotype, with summer apple cultivars including ‘Gala’, ‘Golab-e-Kohanz’, ‘Shafi Abadi’, and ‘Golab-e-Isfahan’ grafted on M9, MM106, and MM111 during two consecutive years in Kamalshahr ...
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This study has been performed to compare DAT1, a new mid-season apple genotype, with summer apple cultivars including ‘Gala’, ‘Golab-e-Kohanz’, ‘Shafi Abadi’, and ‘Golab-e-Isfahan’ grafted on M9, MM106, and MM111 during two consecutive years in Kamalshahr Research Station. The experiments use a factorial design, arranged in a Random Complete Block Design with 3 replicates. Results show that the impacts of cultivars, rootstocks, and their interactions has been significant (P≤0.01) on growth characteristics, having the highest values in ‘Golab-e-Kohanz’ and ‘Golab-e-Isfahan’ grafted on MM111, with 92 and 91.7 cm respectively, while the lowest value occurs in DAT1, grafted on M9 with 53.7 cm. the highest yield is found in ‘Golab-e-Isfahan’, ‘Golab-e-Kohanz’, and DAT1 grafted on MM106 and MM111 with 22.50, 20.05, and 18.4 kg, respectively. The largest fruits belong to DAT1, being 211.80 gr, and the smallest ones are grown on ‘Golab-e-Isfahan’ and ‘Golab-e-Kohanz’ with 75.50 and 69.55 gr, respectively. Regarding flesh firmness, the hardest and softest fruits turn out to be ‘Gala’ grafted on M9 and DAT1 on MM106, being 5.8 Kg/cm2 and 3.7 Kg/cm2, respectively. The maximum soluble solids (18.5%) has been ‘Gala’ grafted on all three rootstocks and the lowest one (11.5%), ‘Golab-e-Isfahan’ grafted on MM111. The maximum acidity of fruit juice has been found in DAT1 grafted on MM106 with 0.68% and the lowest one in ‘Golab-e-Isfahan’ grafted on MM106 with 022%.
shahla shafiee adib; Majid Amini Dehaghi; Fatemeh Shahbazi
Abstract
In order to study of the effects of vermicompost and chemical phosphorous fertilizers on the quantity and quality of John’s wort, an experiment was conducted as factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications in Shahed University, Tehran during two years ...
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In order to study of the effects of vermicompost and chemical phosphorous fertilizers on the quantity and quality of John’s wort, an experiment was conducted as factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications in Shahed University, Tehran during two years of 2011-2012. Treatments were phosphorous fertilizer (0, 100 and 200 kg.h-1) and vermicompost (0, 5 and 10 t.h-1). Agronomic characteristics were including plant height, flowering shoot yield, biological yield, hypericin yield and harvest index.There were significant differences in vermicompost and phosphorous fertilizer treatments and interaction between them Pr < 0.01.The maximum hypericin yield and flowering shoot yield was obtained by applying 200 kg.ha-1 phosphorous fertilizer plus 5 ton.h-1 vermicompost and 200 kg.ha-1 phosphorous fertilizer plus 10 ton.h-1 vermicompost, respectively. It seems that chemical phosphorous fertilizer and vermicompost can increase quantity and quality yield in John’s wort medicinal plant.
Vajiheh Amini Mandi; Ali Nakhzari Moghaddam; ali Rahemi karizaki; Masoumeh Naeemi
Abstract
This study is conducted to investigate the influential factors on rice yield gap in the Joibar Region, located in Mazandaran Province, by means of two methods of boundary line analysis and comparative performance analysis, in the cropping years of 2017-18 and 2018-19. It is carried out through fieldwork ...
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This study is conducted to investigate the influential factors on rice yield gap in the Joibar Region, located in Mazandaran Province, by means of two methods of boundary line analysis and comparative performance analysis, in the cropping years of 2017-18 and 2018-19. It is carried out through fieldwork and face-to-face interviews with farmers, for which purpose, totally 120 rice fields located in the studied geographical area in each crop year have been selected in such a way that they had sufficient diversity in terms of location and time. In the comparative performance analysis method, the relation between yield and all measured quantitative and qualitative variables are examined, using multiple regression method. According to the suggested protocol in the boundary line analysis method, a boundary line is fitted to the data in the data distribution diagram. Results show that according to the yield comparative performance analysis model, the yield gap of Joibar rice fields has been 1842 kg/ha, and the harvest date has played the most important role in rice yield gap. Also, according to the findings of border line analysis, the yield gap of rice fields in this region has been 874 kg/ha with the biological control being the most important factor in rice yield gap. Therefore, continuous monitoring and evaluation of crop management on farmers' fields and its identification is essential to eliminate yield gaps along with the management factors causing them.
Aydin Khodaei-Joghan; Majid Agha-Alikhani; Majid Gholamhoseini; Reza Ataei; Ali Sorooshzadeh; Amir Ghalavand
Abstract
The current study was conducted to investigate the effects of different soil fertility treatments on qualitative and quantitative yield of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) under different irrigation regimes. The experiment was conducted in Tarbiat Modares University research field at 2012 and 2013 growing ...
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The current study was conducted to investigate the effects of different soil fertility treatments on qualitative and quantitative yield of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) under different irrigation regimes. The experiment was conducted in Tarbiat Modares University research field at 2012 and 2013 growing season. Treatments were arranged as split plots based on a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Irrigation regimes, (irrigation after consuming 30% (I1), irrigation after consuming 50% (I2) and irrigation after consuming 70% (I3) of available soil moisture) were randomly assigned to the main plots and the subplots were eight different fertilizer types (providing 100% of plant nitrogen requirement from urea as chemical fertilizer (F1), combination of chemical fertilizer and cattle manure (F2), zeocompost (F3), vermicompost (F4), zeoponix (F5), combination of zeocompost and vermicompost (F6) combination of zeocompost and zeoponix (F7), combination of vermicompost and zeoponix (F8)). The results indicated that the maximum seed yield was obtained in normal irrigation treatment (irrigation after consuming 30% of available soil moisture). Under water deficit stress conditions (irrigation after consuming 50 and 70% of available soil moisture), organic treatments amended with more zeolite (zeocompost, zeoponix and zeocompost + zeoponix) improved seed yield. Under severe water deficit stress condition (I3), zeolite-amended organic treatments (zeocompost, zeoponix and zeocompost + zeoponix) increased seed oil percentage by 8, 9 and 13 percent in the first year and by 13, 10 and 12 percent in the second year of the experiment in comparison with chemical treatment (F1). In addition, organic treatments improved oil quality through increasing linoleic and oleic acid percentage. Overall, the results suggest that combined application of processed organic fertilizers such as vermicompost, zeocompost and zeoponix not only increases sunflower seed yield and oil quality but also reduces chemical fertilizers need in sunflower production.
Mojtaba Kaboodkhani; Hadi salek mearaji; Keyvan aghaei; Afshin Tavakoli
Abstract
Quinoa is one of the salinity tolerant plants, capable of playing an important role in providing human food in the future. In order to investigate the effect of salinity stress on physiological traits and yield of quinoa cultivars, a two-factor factorial experiment was conducted as random complete block ...
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Quinoa is one of the salinity tolerant plants, capable of playing an important role in providing human food in the future. In order to investigate the effect of salinity stress on physiological traits and yield of quinoa cultivars, a two-factor factorial experiment was conducted as random complete block design with three replications in 2020 year under greenhouse conditions. Experimental treatments include three quinoa cultivars (Titicaca, Q26, and Giza1) and three salinity levels (0, 15, and30 dS/m). Salinity stress reduced traits such as photosynthetic pigments, relative leaf water content, and grain yield. The chlorophyll a and b content in control conditions, compared to the salinity level of 30 dS/m, have decreased by 46% and 77%, respectively, with the yield dropping by 35.6%, but the decrease in relative water content has been 12.6%. Electrolyte leakage, proline and malondialdehyde content, catalase, and guaiacol peroxidase activity have increased under salinity stress condition. The Q26 cultivar has had the highest content of carotenoids, chlorophyll a, relative water content, soluble proteins, proline, and catalase activity, compared to the others. Titicaca cultivar has had lower malon-dialdehyde (MDA) content and electrolyte leakage than Q26 and Giza1 cultivars, which indicates the least damage to cell membranes, being superior to the other two cultivars. Giza1 cultivar also has had higher chlorophyll b and carotenoids content than the other two cultivars. Q26 and Giza1 cultivars are probably the most resistant and sensitive cultivars to salinity stress, respectively.
Reza Sadeghi; Mohammad Reza Eshrati; Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Mortazavian; Arsalan Jamshidnia; Asgar Ebadollahi
Abstract
Pink stem borer, Sesamia creticaLed, is one of the most important pests of sugarcane and maize in Iran. Insecticidal properties of essential oils of four cumin ecotypes, namely Fars-Sivand (FS), North Khorasan-Shirvan (KS), Kerman-Kuhbanan (KK), and Kerman-Rafsanjan (KR), has been evaluated against 4th ...
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Pink stem borer, Sesamia creticaLed, is one of the most important pests of sugarcane and maize in Iran. Insecticidal properties of essential oils of four cumin ecotypes, namely Fars-Sivand (FS), North Khorasan-Shirvan (KS), Kerman-Kuhbanan (KK), and Kerman-Rafsanjan (KR), has been evaluated against 4th instar-larvae of S. cretica in a completely randomized design with four replications. Larval mortality at 27±2 °C, relative humidity of 65±5%, and 16:8 hours light: darkness period is recorded after 72 hours. Results show that all cumin ecotypes have been toxic to the pest, with the lowest LC50 value, obtained from the essential oil of KR ecotype (2725 ppm) followed by KK, FS, and KS ecotypes (2777, 3099, and 8390 ppm, respectively). The chemical analysis of essential oils tested by GC-MS shows that m-cymene in the KR ecotype has been higher than other cumin ecotypes. Therefore, the high toxicity of KS ecotype compared to other cumin ecotypes can be related to the presence of such compounds. According to the present study’s results, the essential oils of cumin ecotypes are potentially a great substitute for chemical insecticides in the integrated management of S. cretica.
Esmaeil Hatami; Mahmoud Raeini Serjaz; Vida Chalavi; Hatam Hatami
Abstract
Cucumbers grown under open air conditions, encounters chilling damages, during cold seasons. Plastic tunnels provide suitable heat environment for growing cucumber. The objective of this research was to evaluate cucumber phonological stages and leaf area expansion within three different plastic tunnel ...
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Cucumbers grown under open air conditions, encounters chilling damages, during cold seasons. Plastic tunnels provide suitable heat environment for growing cucumber. The objective of this research was to evaluate cucumber phonological stages and leaf area expansion within three different plastic tunnel microclimates to moderate air temperature and air humidity. Three microclimates including 1. completely closed plastic tunnel (MC), 2. perforated plastic tunnel (MP10), with 100 holes (10 mm in diameter) per m2, and 3. perforated plastic tunnel (MP15), with 100 holes (15 mm in diameter) per m2, as experimental treatments, were employed using a complete block design with three replications. By employing SNK post-hoc, the results showed a significant difference for growth degree-days and leaf area expansion between tunnels. Within MC tunnel, phenological stages always occurred ahead of other treatments. Cucumber leaf numbers and secondary side shoot within MC were significantly higher than perforated plastic ones. Late in the season leaf area of MP10 reached MC's. In conclusion, MP10 microclimate with relevant microclimate condition could be a good option for early cucumber production.
Azin Najaf Abadi; Jalal Jalilian; Mohammad Reza Zardoshti
Abstract
To evaluate the quantity and quality of forage in intercropping of safflower and bitter vetch, a factorial experiment was used based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in the Faculty of Agriculture at Urmia University in the growing season of 2013-2014.The first factor was ...
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To evaluate the quantity and quality of forage in intercropping of safflower and bitter vetch, a factorial experiment was used based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in the Faculty of Agriculture at Urmia University in the growing season of 2013-2014.The first factor was the use of high-input and low-input farming systems. The high-input system involved the use of fertilizers (N and P), and chemical control of pests and weeds with the use of Metasystox and Galant. The low-input system used cow manure, bio fertilizers and no chemical material. The second factor was cropping patterns with rows ratio of 2:2, 2:3, 2:4, and 2:5 safflower/bitter vetch and safflower and bitter vetch sole cropping. Results showed that the wet and dry weights of forage grown in sole cropping was more than in all the mixed patterns. The 2:4 planting pattern in the high-input system increased the percentage of crude protein and reduced the crude fiber content of the safflower forage. High-input cropping systems produce the most digestible dry matter and soluble carbohydrate in safflower (76.86% and 11.85 percent) and bitter vetch (61.38 and 16.31 percent). In general, the maximum crude protein content and soluble carbohydrates in bitter vetch forage, and the highest index of LER (1.87) in both plants were obtain from the 2:5 planting pattern in the low-input farming system. Thus, two rows of safflower planted with five rows of bitter vetch is the best model regarding the quality and quantity of forage.
Mohammad Abiyat; Saeid Amanpour; Mahmud Abiyat; Majedeh Abiyat
Abstract
Satellite images have a high capability for estimating the area under agricultural crops. The aim of this study was to identify the area under dominant crops such as in Shushtar Province using Landsat 8 satellite images during the growing season during 2019. With Maximum Probability technique and Support ...
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Satellite images have a high capability for estimating the area under agricultural crops. The aim of this study was to identify the area under dominant crops such as in Shushtar Province using Landsat 8 satellite images during the growing season during 2019. With Maximum Probability technique and Support Vector Machine in the first approach and using NDVI index in the second approach, crops in different growing seasons and according to their calendar, a cropping pattern map was drawn. In order to evaluate the accuracy of the results, the generated maps with reference data were examined. Agricultural Jihad statistics of Khuzestan were also used. The results showed that Kappa coefficient and overall accuracy were calculated as 90% and 80% in the Maximum Probability technique, 92% and 90% in the Support Vector Machine and 95% and 93% in the NDVI, respectively. Based on the results, the cultivation area of wheat, barley, rice, and corn, in the Maximum Probability technique, in comparison with the statistics of Agricultural Jihad, had an error of 12.6, 16.4, 8.7 and 6.6%, respectively and in the Support Vector Machine had an error of 10.1, 8.3, 5.1 and 7.2%, respectively. However, using the NDVI index as the best approach for estimating the cultivation area in this region, in comparison with the statistics of Agricultural Jihad, has an error of 2.4, 1.5, 4.3 and 4.6%, respectively, which indicates the high capability of vegetation indices to estimate the Cultivation Area, According to their phenological stage.
Maryam Jafari; Abdolhossein Rezaei Nejad; Mohammad Feizian
Abstract
This research was carried out to evaluate the effect of super-absorbent and manure on growth, yield, physiological and biochemical characteristics of geranium under deficit irrigation at research greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Iran, in 2014. The experiment was arranged factorially ...
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This research was carried out to evaluate the effect of super-absorbent and manure on growth, yield, physiological and biochemical characteristics of geranium under deficit irrigation at research greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Iran, in 2014. The experiment was arranged factorially based on a completely randomized design with six replications. Factor A was substrate consisted of control, 1 and 2 percent super-absorbent, or 25 percent manure and factor B was irrigation with 3, 5 or 7 d interval. The results showed that as irrigation frequency decreased, plant growth and oil yield decreased and oil content, malondialdehyde, proline, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase increased. Both manure and super-absorbent improved plant growth, physiological and biochemical characteristics under deficit irrigation. However, the effects of manure were more pronounced, so that the values for most characteristics, like, leaf area, plant fresh and dry weight and oil content of plants grown in substrate including manure irrigated with 7d interval were the same as those of control plants irrigated with 3d interval. The highest water use efficiency for oil production was found in plants grown in substrate including manure in all irrigation frequencies as well as plants grown in substrate including two percent super-absorbent irrigated with 7d interval. According to these results and due to abundance, cheapness and environmental sustainability, using 25 percent in volume manure in substrate could be recommended to increase water use efficiency.
Sanaz Afshari-Behbahanizadeh; Gholam Ali Akbari; Maryam Shahbazi; Iraj Alahdadi
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of terminal water deficit stress on leaf traits and their relations to grain yield in different barley genotypes (‘Yousof’, ‘Fajr30’, ‘Nosrat’, ‘PBYT-46’, ‘PBYT-97’ and ‘Morocco’), two separated experiments ...
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In order to evaluate the effect of terminal water deficit stress on leaf traits and their relations to grain yield in different barley genotypes (‘Yousof’, ‘Fajr30’, ‘Nosrat’, ‘PBYT-46’, ‘PBYT-97’ and ‘Morocco’), two separated experiments were conducted in stress (water withholding from anthesis towards the end of growing season), and non stress (normal irrigation) conditions based on RCBD with three replications in 2010-2011 at Yazd Agricultural Research Station. The results indicated that drought stress significantly reduced leaf area index, greeness and increased canopy temperature and leaf rolling. Also, drought stress significantly increased epicuticular wax content at 21 days after anthesis. Studying by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) confirmed the increased dispersal of leaf wax crystals in leaf surface in ‘Yousof’ and ‘PBYT-46’ genotypes. ‘Fajr30’ genotype with the highest amount of cuticular transpiration and canopy temperature had the highest reduction in grain yield and ‘Yousof’ and ‘PBYT-46’ genotypes with higher amount of wax crystals dispersal, lower amount of cuticular transpiration, canopy temperature and greeness reduction in stress condition, had the least reduction percentage in grain yield. According to the non significant correlation between leaf wax and grain yield in both conditions (stress and normal) and in stress condition, it seems that increased epicuticular wax crystals had a more effective role than the quantity of wax in drought tolerance of barley genotypes.