Marzieh Mowlavi Sorond; Jalal Sadeghi; Amir Lakzian
Abstract
Objective: In addition to improving root growth and increasing the absorption of nutrients by plants, mycorrhizae affect the availability and different forms of heavy metals in the soil. This study investigated the effect of two mycorrhizal species on the partitioning of cadmium element and also the ...
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Objective: In addition to improving root growth and increasing the absorption of nutrients by plants, mycorrhizae affect the availability and different forms of heavy metals in the soil. This study investigated the effect of two mycorrhizal species on the partitioning of cadmium element and also the absorption of this element by persian clover.
Methods: This experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design by factorial method with three replications with three levels of mycorrhiza (without mycorrhizae, funnelliformis mosseae and rhizophagus intraradices) and two levels of cadmium (0 and 10 mg.kg-1) in the research greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2018. After harvesting the plant, the dry weight of the shoot and root as well as the concentration of cadmium in these two parts of the plant were measured. Two parameters of mycorrhizal colonization and contribution of mycorrhizal participation in cadmium uptake by shoots and roots were measured. Finally, the effect of experimental treatments on the chemical forms of cadmium in the soil was measured.
Results: The results showed that cadmium caused an increase of 8.7% and a decrease of 31.5% in amount of colonization of funnelliformis mosseae and rhizophagus intraradices. Cadmium decreased the shoot dry weight by 28.7%. The behavior of two mycorrhizal species on the concentration of cadmium in the shoots and roots of persian clover was different. The presence of funnelliformis mosseae caused a significant (P<0.05) and 55.1% decrease in cadmium concentration of clover shoot and a 1.23-fold increase in concentration of this metal in plant roots. The measured decrease in the concentration of cadmium in the roots and shoots of clover in rhizo treatment was 14.5% and 14.3%, respectively, compared to the control. The carbonate form of cadmium had the highest amount of this metal in control soil (1.08 mg/kg) and contaminated soil (4.19 mg/kg). Mycorrhiza colonization of plant in control soil had no significant effect (P<0.05) on the concentration of different forms of cadmium.
Conclusion: Considering the increase of 70 (funnelliformis mosseae) and 63 (rhizophagus intraradices) percent of plant dry weight in contaminated soil in presence of mycorrhiza, as well as the low price of these fungi inoculum (80,000 Rials per kilogram at the time of purchase), the use of this microorganism can be a suitable solution in soils contaminated with heavy metals in greenhouse conditions.
mrs Somayeh Mirzaei; Seyed Ataollah Siadat; Babak pakdaman sardrod,; Mohammad Moradi Telavat
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of Piriformospora indica and different levels of salicylic acid on morphological characteristics and activity of antioxidant enzymes of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) irrigation cut-off stress, an experiment has been conducted in the water year 2016. It has employed a split ...
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In order to investigate the effect of Piriformospora indica and different levels of salicylic acid on morphological characteristics and activity of antioxidant enzymes of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) irrigation cut-off stress, an experiment has been conducted in the water year 2016. It has employed a split factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with four replications in the research farm of Dehloran Agricultural Research Center. The treatments are consisted of four levels of salicylic acid (0, 150, 300, and 600 μm) as foliar application and a mycorrhiza fungus agent at two levels of inoculation and non-inoculation and irrigation cut-off stress at three levels (irrigation at 90%, 50%, and 30% filed capacity). The results of this study show that with increasing irrigation cut-off stress up to 30% filed capacity plant height, total weight of shoot, number of leaves, colonization percentage, and the enzymes Catalase and Peroxidase have decreased. Inoculation and treatment with salicylic acid up to a concentration of 300 μM could significantly reduce the destructive effects of irrigation cut-off stress on these traits. However, increasing the concentration of salicylic acid to the level of 600 μM intensifies the effects of irrigation cut-off stress, preventing the positive effects of the fungus.
Peyman Mohammadzadeh Toutounchi; Alireza Pirzad; Jalal Jalilian
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of biological and organic fertilizers on the yield (quality and quantity) of chicory forage under rainfed condition, a factorial experiment was conducted at Urmia University based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2016. Treatments included ...
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In order to investigate the effect of biological and organic fertilizers on the yield (quality and quantity) of chicory forage under rainfed condition, a factorial experiment was conducted at Urmia University based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2016. Treatments included control, Mycorrhiza (AMF), Thiobacillus bacteria (Thio), AMF+Thio, Vermicompost (V), AMF+V, Thio+V and AMF+Thio+V that their effects were evaluated in two growth stages (before stem elongation and full flowering). In comparison with control, the AMF+Thio+V increased dry forage yield, dry matter digestibility, crude protein yield and water soluble carbohydrates yield 99.72%, 143.21%, 68.54% and 76% in full flowering stage, respectively, and this treatment had lowest acid detergent fiber content at both growth stages among all treatments. In general, the use of Mycorrhiza and Thiobacillus together with vermicompost, improved the quantitative and qualitative performance of chicory forage in rainfed condition.