Zoleikha Sharifi; ahmad zare; Elham Elahifard; alireza abdali
Abstract
Objective: In order to evaluate different levels of wheat straw mulch and herbicide on quantitative, qualitative yield and weeds control of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare MIL.) an experiment was conducted arranged as split-plot based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications at Agricultural ...
Read More
Objective: In order to evaluate different levels of wheat straw mulch and herbicide on quantitative, qualitative yield and weeds control of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare MIL.) an experiment was conducted arranged as split-plot based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications at Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan during 2019-2020 growing season.
Methods: Treatments included different concentrations of linuron herbicide (0, 1.5, 3, 4.5 L/ha) as the main plot and different levels of wheat straw mulch (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 tons /ha) as the subplot.
Results: The results revealed that the lowest dry weight of broadleaf and grass weeds (73 and 15 g/ m2) of 4.5 L/ha herbicide and 9 and 12 tons’/ha mulch was obtained. The highest grain yield was observed (80 g/m2) in 3L/ha of herbicide application and wheat straw mulch 9 ton/ha, and the lowest (18 g/m2) in treatment non-application of mulch and herbicide. The highest essential oil yield of fennel (2.82 g/m2) was obtained in treatment herbicide application (3 L/ha) and straw mulch (9 ton/ha), while in treatment non-application of mulch and herbicide was 0.48 g/m2.
Conclusion: Therefore, in integrated weed management, the use of wheat straw mulch could be considered for reducing weeds competition and achieving sustainable agriculture in medicinal plants.
peyman sharifi; Fatemeh Benakashani; Iraj Allah dadi; Gholam Akbari
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of living mulches on weed control and yield of Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) weeds by living mulch, a factorial split experiment has been conducted in the form of a randomized complete block design with four replications in the research farm of Aburaihan Campus, the University ...
Read More
To evaluate the effect of living mulches on weed control and yield of Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) weeds by living mulch, a factorial split experiment has been conducted in the form of a randomized complete block design with four replications in the research farm of Aburaihan Campus, the University of Tehran in the 2017-2018 crop year. Factors of seedbed planting (stale seedbed and simple), type of living mulch (berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.), fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.), and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), as well as planting time of living mulch (two weeks before and at the same time of black seed cultivation). The first factor is in the main plots and the combination of the second and third factors, in the subplots. Results show that fenugreek and alfalfa have been more successful in terms of weed control than clover with a 40% reduction in weed density and biomass, compared to the control without either live mulch or weeding. Also, in order to achieve the highest percentage of black cumin yield traits (83.02, 93.44, and 50.50), the number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, and 1000-seed weight are compared to the control. It is recommended to cultivate fenugreek at the same time as black cumin. In case of alfalfa, pre-sowing is also recommended. Stale seedbed planting system does not play a positive and significant role in weed control and increase in black seed yield traits. It is also better to grow fenugreek at the same time as black seed to get more seed yield in black cumin, but in case of alfalfa, it is better to plant earlier than black seed in the absence of any significant difference among planting times. It seems that alfalfa and fenugreek control weeds by accelerating canopy closure, increasing weed competition with black seed, not interfering negatively with black seed growth, and providing nitrogen to black seed have increased its yield.
Majid Rahimizadeh
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted to evaluate and compare the effects of N and P chemical fertilizers with biological N and P fertilizers on competition between cotton and weeds with split plot arrangement in a randomized complete block design with three replications during the years 2014 and 2015. The ...
Read More
A field experiment was conducted to evaluate and compare the effects of N and P chemical fertilizers with biological N and P fertilizers on competition between cotton and weeds with split plot arrangement in a randomized complete block design with three replications during the years 2014 and 2015. The main plots consisted of two levels of weed management practices including weed free and weedy check. Sub plots had five treatments included integrated application of biological and chemical fertilizers:1-Control (Without fertilizer) 2-Urea+Triplesuperphosphate (TSP) 3-Nitroxin+50% urea+100% TSP 4-100% urea+Barvar2 +50% TSP 5-Nitroxin+Barvar2+50% urea+50% TSP. In the first year, control of weeds increased LAI and number of boll per plant to 34 and 22 percent, respectively and cotton yield increased by 67 percent in the first year and 50 percent in the second year. Fertilizer treatments had a significant effect on stem length, LAI, number of sympodial branches and boll per plant, and yield of cotton. Under weed interference condition, use chemical fertilizers alone reduced cotton growth and yield due to increasing competitive ability of weeds. But reducing urea consumption by half and replace it with nitroxin, increased cotton yield by 61% compared to the chemical fertilizer treatment due to increasing number of boll per plant. This result indicates that the use of biological fertilizers reduce the negative effects of chemical fertilizers and increase crop competitiveness against weeds
Ahmad Raefizadeh; Mohammad Armin; Matin Jamaimoeini
Abstract
To determination of critical time of weed control in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) (Khordad cultivar) in conventional and ultra-narrow row spacing conditions, a field experiment was arrange as a factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Sabzevar in 2015. ...
Read More
To determination of critical time of weed control in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) (Khordad cultivar) in conventional and ultra-narrow row spacing conditions, a field experiment was arrange as a factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Sabzevar in 2015. Factors were cultivation systems (conventional (70 Cm row spacing) and ultra narrow row (20 Cm row spacing) and duration of weed interference (0, 30, 45, 60, 7 days after emergence and weedy in full season. The results of the experiment showed that in ultra-narrow row condition, seed cotton yield losses of 2.5, 5 and 10 percent were estimated to occur on 27.4, 36.1 and 44.7 day after emergence, respectively and in conventional condition yield losses of 2.5, 5 and 10 percent were estimated to occur on 8.1, 13.5 and 24.4 day after emergence, respectively. The onset of seed cotton yield an lint yield loss was earlier (46.3 and 53.7 days after emergence, respectively) in conventional condition while in ultra-narrow row condition the onset of seed cotton yield and lint yield loss was postponed to 57.9 and 65.9 days after emergence, respectively, Overall, the results of the experiment showed that cultivation of cotton in ultra-narrow row spacing in weed interference conditions could provide a better seed cotton yield than conventional spacing.
Hossein Rezvani; Jafar Asghari; Seyed MohammadReza Ehteshami; Behnam Kamkar
Abstract
For determination of economic damage threshold of four wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars in different densities of wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.), experiments were conducted at Agricultural Research Station Gorgan during 2010-2012. The experimental design consisted of four randomized complete ...
Read More
For determination of economic damage threshold of four wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars in different densities of wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.), experiments were conducted at Agricultural Research Station Gorgan during 2010-2012. The experimental design consisted of four randomized complete blocks in a factorial arrangement. The treatments comprised of factorial combination of wild mustard densities and wheat cultivars. Five different densities of wild mustard (zero, four, eight, 16 and 32 plants.m-2) and four wheat cultivars (‘Arta’, ‘Tajan’, ‘Mogan’ and ‘Morvarid’) were considered in all the replications. Cousens hyperbolic equation was used to describe the yield reduction due to wild mustard competition. The maximum yield reduction was associated with high densities of wild mustard and among the cultivars, ‘Arta’ and ‘Morvarid’ had the maximum and minimum yield reductions, respectively. Calculated competitive indexes indicated that ‘Morvarid’ cultivar in competition with wild mustard had a high capacity to prevent yield loss (high tolerance) and on the other hand, dry weight and seed amount of weed was also greatly reduced. Using extended Cousens hyperbolic model and Odonovan formula, economic damage threshold for wheat in two years determined in densities of 4.11, 3.68, 2.33 and 2.11 plant/m2 for ‘Morvarid’, ‘Moghan’, ‘Tajan’ and ‘Arta’ cultivars in climatic conditions of Gorgan.
mojtaba khazaie
Abstract
To evaluate yield and productivity indices of maize and sugar beet intercropping with different planting ratios, a field experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with three replication at Hamedan province in Nahavand, in 2013. The planting ratios were 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and ...
Read More
To evaluate yield and productivity indices of maize and sugar beet intercropping with different planting ratios, a field experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with three replication at Hamedan province in Nahavand, in 2013. The planting ratios were 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100 (maiz: sugar beet) using replacement method. Results showed that intercropping had significant effect on yield and some yield component of both crops. The root-yield, sugar sterling, melas-sugar, content purity and sugar yield of sugar beet as well as shoot height, No. row. ear-1, kernel. Row-1, 1000 kernel weight and grain yield of maize were significantly affected by different planting ratios. Calculation of land equivalent ratio (LER) revealed that planting ratio of 25:75 (LER= 1.09) and 75:25 (maize:sugar beet) (LER= 1.08) had the highest efficiency by 9% and 8%, respectively. Calculation of area time equivalent ratio (ATER) revealed that planting ratio of 25:75 (maize:sugar beet) (ATER= 1.03) had the highes efficiency. Maize in the planting ratio of 75:25 had the highest relative crowding coefficient (ka= 7) as dominant crop and sugar beet had the highest RCC (KB= 3.88) in the ratio of 25:75 (maize:sugar beet) at the dominant crop.
Mohammad Reza Moradi Talavat; Ataallah Siadat
Abstract
To investigate wheat and wild mustard growth and competition to N levels, an experiment was conducted in Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Khouzestan, located at 36 km North of Ahvaz. Treatments included planting wheat solely, wild mustard solely, and intercropping wheat and wild ...
Read More
To investigate wheat and wild mustard growth and competition to N levels, an experiment was conducted in Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Khouzestan, located at 36 km North of Ahvaz. Treatments included planting wheat solely, wild mustard solely, and intercropping wheat and wild mustard in pots. These combinations were exposed to N levels including 0, 60, 120 and 180 kg.ha-1. The results showed that grain yield, dry matter and spike number of wheat increased by increased N levels in sole crop treatment. These traits decreased by N levels when competing against wild mustard. Wheat grain and total protein content increased up to 120 kg N.ha-1 by increased N levels, but decreased while competing against wild mustard. The highest N apparent recovery by wheat was obtained from sole cropping of this crop and 120 kg N.ha-1. The lowest rate of this parameter was observed in competition condition against wild mustard and the level of 180 kg N.ha-1. The results showed that wild mustard traits had positive response to increased N levels, regardless to competition against wheat.
Neda Pakgohar; Ahmad Ghanbari
Abstract
This experiment was conductee as a RCBD at a research farm at Kerman in Spring 2012 using millet and green pea as intercrop. The treatments were cultivation of sole nutrifid millet and green pea, 75% millet+25% green pea and vice versa, 50% millet+50% green pea, cultivation of mix seeds of two crops ...
Read More
This experiment was conductee as a RCBD at a research farm at Kerman in Spring 2012 using millet and green pea as intercrop. The treatments were cultivation of sole nutrifid millet and green pea, 75% millet+25% green pea and vice versa, 50% millet+50% green pea, cultivation of mix seeds of two crops on the same row. The highest and lowest dry forage yield was obtained from sole millet and green pea. The ratio of 75% and 50% of millet was not significantly different with sole millet. Mineral nutrition uptake of intercrop was higher than sole ones. The intercrop treatments were not significantly different for N uptake, except for mixed cropping, while the highest uptake of P and K were recorded for 75% millet + 25% green pea. Mean RYT of 1.68 obtained from intercrop indicates the complementarity of two crops. Competition ratio of millet to green pea for N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn was more than 1 showing the higher competition ratio of millet compared to green pea. Aggressivity of millet was positive implying the dominancy of millet. Dry forage production near to sole millet, mean RYT of about 2 for mineral uptake, competition ratio of more than 1 and a positive aggressivity value indicates that 75% millet+25% green pea is the best planting ratio.