Mina Amani; Saeideh Alizadeh-Salteh; Mohsen Sabzi nojadeh; Mehdi Younessi Hamzekhanlu
Abstract
Objective: Taking advantage of the symbiotic relationship between plants and Trichoderma fungi is one of the ways to reduce water stress in plants. The present study was conducted in order to investigate the effect of Trichoderma fungus on the antioxidant properties of the basil medicinal plant (Ocimum ...
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Objective: Taking advantage of the symbiotic relationship between plants and Trichoderma fungi is one of the ways to reduce water stress in plants. The present study was conducted in order to investigate the effect of Trichoderma fungus on the antioxidant properties of the basil medicinal plant (Ocimum basilicum L.) under water stress conditions.
Methods: This experiment was carried out in the greenhouse of the Department of Horticulture Sciences of Ahar Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources and laboratory studies in the basic and general laboratories of Ahar Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources (University of Tabriz) in 2019 in a factorial manner based on a randomized complete block design with three repetitions. The treatments included different levels of water deficit stress, including severe stress (25% of field capacity), moderate stress (50% of field capacity), mild stress (75% of field capacity), and no stress (100% of field capacity). Each pot contained a commercial mushroom species Trichoderma harzianum Na-lac with concentrations of 109 and 106 spores per milliliter as the inoculum.
Results: The results showed that the amount of malondialdehyde, catalase and peroxidase, antioxidant activity and total flavonoid increased with the application of dehydration stress. The concentration of 106 spores per milliliter had a better impact on improving the mentioned indicators. Based on this, Trichoderma fungus proves effective when improving the antioxidant status of plants under drought stress and can prevent the effects of oxidative stress in plants by reducing the oxygen free radicals produced.
Conclusion: The results indicated that the use of Trichoderma mushroom in comparison with the control (without inoculation with the mushroom) can be a suitable tool to improve the physiological traits and antioxidant activities in the conditions drought stress.
Abbas Khanamani; Enayatollah Tohidi-Nejad; Gholamreza Khajoei-Nejad; Jalal Ghanbari
Abstract
This field experiment is arranged in a split-split plot based on a randomized complete block design replicated three times during the growing season of 2019 at Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran. Nitrogen fertilizer rates (no-application, 50%, and 100%; 0, 75, and 150 kg urea per hectare) serve ...
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This field experiment is arranged in a split-split plot based on a randomized complete block design replicated three times during the growing season of 2019 at Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran. Nitrogen fertilizer rates (no-application, 50%, and 100%; 0, 75, and 150 kg urea per hectare) serve as the main factor, inoculation with growth-promoting bacteria (non-inoculation and inoculation with Pantoea agglomerans) as sub factor, and different fenugreek and black cumin cropping systems (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100) as sub-sub factor. Biomass, yield, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), agronomy efficiency of fertilizer (AEF), and land equivalent ratio (LER) are determined. The results show that the highest biomass and NUE of studied plants are obtained from 100% fertilization and bacteria inoculation in monoculture. The total LER is also significantly improved by fertilization (between 28-51%) and bacteria inoculation (23%), showing a higher advantageous in 25:75 and 50:50 cropping patterns with LER values of 1.732 and 1.688, respectively. In contrast, reducing 50% of fertilization under bacterial inoculation increases the AEF, especially in fenugreek monoculture. Fertilization increasing the total NUE and bacteria inoculation results in the highest NUE, particularly at increased ratios of fenugreek. Fenugreek:black cumin cropping ratio of 25:75 under 100% N fertilization and bacteria inoculation with LER ≈ 2 has been the best treatment combination for gaining maximum overall productivity. Fertilization with 50% N inoculated with bacteria in the same cropping pattern can be recommended when fertilizer application is restricted. The present research suggests that the integrated application of bacteria and fertilization can enhance the overall efficiency of intercropping.
Madeh Ahmadi; Azim Ghasemnezhad; Mansour Ghorbanpour
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of some biotic and abiotic elicitors on yield and yield components of stevia plant under different salinity stress, the present study has been perfoemed as a factorial experiment based on the randomized complete design with six replications. It has taken place in a ...
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In order to investigate the effect of some biotic and abiotic elicitors on yield and yield components of stevia plant under different salinity stress, the present study has been perfoemed as a factorial experiment based on the randomized complete design with six replications. It has taken place in a greenhouse under hydroponic and conditions in two consequential experiments. Endophytic fungi isolated from yew (at three levels of control, TB20, TB2-3), foliar treatment with melatonin (at three levels of control, 0.5 μM melatonin tablets, and 0.5 μM Thymus vulgaris extract), and three salinity levels (without salinity, medium salinity 80mM, and high salinity 150mM) have incorporated the present experiments’ treatments. The experimental plants have been investigated based on morphological parameters. In both experiments, results show a positive effect of melatonin and endophytic fungi on characteristics of plant growth’s improvement (one to two times) under salinity stress. Nevertheless, the best growth conditions have been observed in low salinity levels, using thyme extract and TB20 endophytic fungus. Most traits of stevia plant in non-saline conditions along with thyme extract and endophytic fungus TB20 have been at their highest, showing an increase of approximately 1.5 folds, compared to the control. Due to the positive effects of melatonin and endophytes, especially TB20, it is recommended to use melatonin-containing plant extracts as a protective treatment in stevia cultivation in saline conditions.
Mehdi Heydari-Rahni; Mohammad Nasri; Yousef Filizadeh; Pourang Kasraie
Abstract
The effects of chemical fertilizer of urea in 5 levels (0, 30, 60, 90 and 150 kg ha-1) and biofertilizers in 4 levels (Nitroxin, Phosphate barvar2, mixed of both and control) on quantity and quality yield of valerian are studied during 2016 to 2020. Measured parameters include valernic acid (percent), ...
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The effects of chemical fertilizer of urea in 5 levels (0, 30, 60, 90 and 150 kg ha-1) and biofertilizers in 4 levels (Nitroxin, Phosphate barvar2, mixed of both and control) on quantity and quality yield of valerian are studied during 2016 to 2020. Measured parameters include valernic acid (percent), valernic acid (g ha-1), root dry weight (kg ha-1), shoot dry weight (kg ha-1), root diameter (mm), root length (cm), leaf width (cm), and leaf length (cm). This study is carried out at the Homad-Absard Agricultural Complex in Damavand city, Tehran Province, Iran, as factorial layout based on a randomized complete blocks design with 3 replications. Results show that the biofertilizers have had a significant effect (p≤0.01) on the all quantity and quality parameters studied. Unlike the urea chemical fertilizer at all levels, which have had a negative effect on the yield and amount of valernic acid (percent), bio-fertilizers has increased it. Maximum and minimum amount of valernic acid (percent) are measured in control and 150 kg ha-1 urea, respectively. The highest root dry weight belongs to interaction of Nitroxin+ Phosphate barvar2+150 kg urea (665 kg ha-1) and control (221 kg ha-1) respectively. Results of this experiment show that biofertilizers with positive effects on the parameters are able to replace the chemical fertilizers.
Babak Bahreininejad; Ali Ashraf Jafari; Zahra Jaberalansar
Abstract
This study was carried out to compare growth characteristics of three species of Alyssum minus, A. szwitsianum and A. desertorum over two years, 2017 and 2018, in a randomized complete block design with three replication at Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center. Measured ...
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This study was carried out to compare growth characteristics of three species of Alyssum minus, A. szwitsianum and A. desertorum over two years, 2017 and 2018, in a randomized complete block design with three replication at Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center. Measured traits were yield characteristic including total dry weight, leaf, stem, root and seed dry weight; morphological characteristics including plant height, maximum and minimum plant diameter, plant cover and stem number; and phenolological characteristics including day to flowering, day to seeding and day to seed ripening. The highest biological and seed yield were achieved in A. minus, 1003 and 375 kg/ha respectively, while A. desertorum showed the lowest rates, 559 and 207 kg/ha respectively. Morphological traits analysis represented that A. minus had the highest rates of plant height, stem number, plant diameter and cover. A. minus and A. desertorum with 101 and 95 days to seed ripening were the longest and shortest lifelong species. The highest correlation rates between seed yield with other characteristics were including biological yield (0.90), plant height (0.79), stem number (0.76) and cover (0.75). On the whole, results of this study showed that A. minus showed the highest yield potential among the studied species.
Roghayeh Mohammadpour Vashvaei; Ahmad Ghanbari; Mohammad Reza Asgharipour; Mahmood Ramroudi; Mehdi Dahmardeh
Abstract
Today, in order to have a sustainable agricultural system, it is necessary to use the inputs that improve the ecological aspects of the system and reduce environmental hazards. In this regards, an experiment was conducted on split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications, ...
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Today, in order to have a sustainable agricultural system, it is necessary to use the inputs that improve the ecological aspects of the system and reduce environmental hazards. In this regards, an experiment was conducted on split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications, at the Research Station of Bayakola, during 2016. Experimental treatments were plant nutrition with NPK, animal manure, compost, vermicompost and control (no chemical and organic fertilizer) as main plot and bio-phosphate, nitroxin, nitroxin + bio-phosphate, nano bioumik and control (no bio and nano bio-fertilizer) as subplot. Effects of organic and inorganic, bio and nano bio-fertilizer treatments and their interactions on all studied traits were significant (P≤0.01). The highest amounts of all studied traits were obtained in vermicompost in combination with nano bioumik fertilizers treatment. The result of factor analysis also confirmed this. Therefore, with respect to the production of medicinal plants in the low-input cropping systems and to achieve sustainable agriculture and environmental protection, using vermicompost in combination with nano bioumik treatment was suitable for improving plant growth and increasing seed yield of datura
Ghasem Hosein Talaei; Ahmad Ghanbari; Mohammad Reza Asgharipour; Hasan Habibi; SEYYED MOHSEN MOUSSAVI NIK
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to examine the effects of different tillage systems and fertilization on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of cumin as split randomized complete block design with three replicates in Delfan during 2016. Main plot included three different tillage system; 1( conventional ...
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An experiment was conducted to examine the effects of different tillage systems and fertilization on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of cumin as split randomized complete block design with three replicates in Delfan during 2016. Main plot included three different tillage system; 1( conventional (mold board plough, chisel plough and disk), 2 (minimum tillage (chisel plough and disk) and 3( zero tillage (disk) and subplots comprised eight different combinations of organic and chemical fertilizer; 1) control, i.e. without any dose of manure and fertilizers, 2) 25 kg N ha-1, 3) 10 ton vermicompost ha-1, 4) 20 ton cow manure ha-1, 5) 20 ton municipal solid waste compost ha-1, 6) 50 percent dose of chemical fertilizer (N) + 50 percent vermicompost, 7) 50 percent dose of chemical fertilizer (N) + 50 percent cow manure and 8) 50 percent dose of chemical fertilizer (N) + 50 percent compost. Results indicated that the highest grain yield (81.53 g/m-2) and biological yield (210.41 g/m-2) achieved in minimum tillage and application of cow manure, while the least quantities of these parameters was observed in zero tillage and control. In addition, the greatest essential oil percentage and yield attained in minimum tillage and application of 10 ton vermicompost, which was 25 and 28 percent greater than control. The results suggested that to improve the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of cumin application of manure and vermicompost along with minimum tillage is recommended.
Hamideh Azad; Baratali Fakheri; nafiseh mahdinezhad; Qhasem Parmoon
Abstract
In order to study the effect of foliar application of nano iron chelated on antioxidant enzymes activity and yield of chamomile genotypes under drought stress condition, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the research greenhouse of ...
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In order to study the effect of foliar application of nano iron chelated on antioxidant enzymes activity and yield of chamomile genotypes under drought stress condition, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the research greenhouse of the University of Zabol in 2014. Experimental treatments included drought stress (at 2 levels of control or 90% of field capacity and 70% of field capacity) and nano iron chelate (at 2 levels of control and 2 mg/l) and genotypes, including (Isfahan, Mashhad, Shiraz, Kerman, Arak and Safashahr). The results showed that the drought stress according to the genotype had different effects on antioxidant enzyme activities so that the enzymes activities increased in some of the genotypes and decreased in some of them. Water stress caused to increasing in catalase activity in genotypes of Arak, Kerman and Safashahr, peroxidase and increasing in ascrobats peroxidase activity in genotypes of Isfahan, Mashhad, Arak and Kerman, and increasing in polyphenol oxidase and guaiacol peroxidase in genotypes of Shiraz and Safashahr.The highest the economic yield were observed in Esfahan genotype. Generally, it could be said that stress causes damaging effects on the plant and using of nano-chelate can increase the plant̕ s tolerance to stress and application of Isfahan and Mashhad genotypes are suitable for stress conditions.