Mina Amani; Saeideh Alizadeh-Salteh; Mohsen Sabzi nojadeh; Mehdi Younessi Hamzekhanlu
Abstract
Objective: Taking advantage of the symbiotic relationship between plants and Trichoderma fungi is one of the ways to reduce water stress in plants. The present study was conducted in order to investigate the effect of Trichoderma fungus on the antioxidant properties of the basil medicinal plant (Ocimum ...
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Objective: Taking advantage of the symbiotic relationship between plants and Trichoderma fungi is one of the ways to reduce water stress in plants. The present study was conducted in order to investigate the effect of Trichoderma fungus on the antioxidant properties of the basil medicinal plant (Ocimum basilicum L.) under water stress conditions.
Methods: This experiment was carried out in the greenhouse of the Department of Horticulture Sciences of Ahar Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources and laboratory studies in the basic and general laboratories of Ahar Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources (University of Tabriz) in 2019 in a factorial manner based on a randomized complete block design with three repetitions. The treatments included different levels of water deficit stress, including severe stress (25% of field capacity), moderate stress (50% of field capacity), mild stress (75% of field capacity), and no stress (100% of field capacity). Each pot contained a commercial mushroom species Trichoderma harzianum Na-lac with concentrations of 109 and 106 spores per milliliter as the inoculum.
Results: The results showed that the amount of malondialdehyde, catalase and peroxidase, antioxidant activity and total flavonoid increased with the application of dehydration stress. The concentration of 106 spores per milliliter had a better impact on improving the mentioned indicators. Based on this, Trichoderma fungus proves effective when improving the antioxidant status of plants under drought stress and can prevent the effects of oxidative stress in plants by reducing the oxygen free radicals produced.
Conclusion: The results indicated that the use of Trichoderma mushroom in comparison with the control (without inoculation with the mushroom) can be a suitable tool to improve the physiological traits and antioxidant activities in the conditions drought stress.
Jahanfar Daneshian; Farnaz Sahriati; NADIA SAFAVI FARD; Abdollah Hassani
Abstract
The effect of water deficit stress has been evaluated on oil quality and yield of 11 sunflower hybrids in Karaj during 2012 and 2013. Three separate experiments have been carried out as the base of randomized complete block design with three replications to apply water deficit stress treatments. Irrigation ...
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The effect of water deficit stress has been evaluated on oil quality and yield of 11 sunflower hybrids in Karaj during 2012 and 2013. Three separate experiments have been carried out as the base of randomized complete block design with three replications to apply water deficit stress treatments. Irrigation of control, mild, and severe stress treatments are performed on the base of 60, 120, and 180 mm evaporation from Class A evaporation pan, respectively. Results show that seed yield has decreased about 18% and 33% in mild and sever water deficit stresses, respectively. Yield and oil percentage are affected by hybrids and the interaction of year and stress. Barzegar hybrid, with an average of 2846 kg/ha, has had the highest grain yield. It is also in the top group with 43.65% oil. Yield and seed oil percentage are affected by environmental conditions of years, while water deficict stress has no significant effect on oleic and linoleic acids. However, there is a strong negative correlation between oleic and linoleic acids. Hysun 25 and Sirena cultivars are suitable for oil production with higher oleic acid and Barzegar and G6×R-43 are suitable for oil production with higher linoleic acid.
Seyedeh Esmat Hashemi Fadaki; Barat Ali Fakheri; Nafiseh Mehdi Nezhad; Roqia Mohammad Pour
Abstract
The replacement of chemical inputs with ecological compatible inputs seems necessary for a step towards in transition from common to sustainable agriculture. In this regard, an experiment was conducted at the research field, University of Zabol, as a split plot based on randomized complete block design ...
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The replacement of chemical inputs with ecological compatible inputs seems necessary for a step towards in transition from common to sustainable agriculture. In this regard, an experiment was conducted at the research field, University of Zabol, as a split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications, during 2015. Four drought stress levels of 30, 50, 70 and 90 percent of available water were considered as main plots and four levels of nano and nano bio-fertilizers were considered as sub plots. Main effects of fertilizer, drought stress and their interaction were significant for all studied traits. Maximum of photosynthetic pigments, fresh and dry weight of sepals were obtained under treatment of 70% of available water irrigation and foliar application of nano-iron fertilizer. The highest amount of anthocyanin, proline and carbohydrate osmolytes belonged to 30% of available water irrigation and the highest relative water content of leaves belonged to 90% of available water irrigation and foliar application of nano-iron fertilizer. The result of principal component analysis showed that the best-studied treatment was 70% of available water irrigation including with foliar application of nano-iron fertilizer. Spraying nano-iron fertilizer mitigated the effects of drought stress and increased the quantity and quality of roselle sepals.
Somayeh Karami; Hashem Hadi; Mehdi Tajbaksh; Seyed Ali Mohammad Modarres-Sanavy
Abstract
In order to study the effect of different levels of irrigation, nitrogen and zeolite onchlorophyll content, forage yield and quality of amaranth, a split plot factorial experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm of Tarbiat Modarres University ...
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In order to study the effect of different levels of irrigation, nitrogen and zeolite onchlorophyll content, forage yield and quality of amaranth, a split plot factorial experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm of Tarbiat Modarres University during 2013 and 2014 growing seasons. Main factor was three irrigation regimes, irrigation after depleting 40, 60 and 75 percent of soil available waterand sub factor was the combination of the two factors: nitrogen levels 0, 80, 160 and 240 kg.h-1 and zeolite levels 0 and 10 ton.h-1. Results showed that increasing irrigation intervals, especially irrigation after depleting 75% of available water, decreased chlorophyll (37%), forage yield (40%), digestible dry matter (18%), crude protein (17%) and ash (16%) but increased neutral detergent fiber (16%) and acid detergent fiber (7%) compared to control irrigation treatments. Zeolite application under water deficit stress conditions increased chlorophyll, forage yield, digestible dry matter, crude protein and ash, and reduced NDF and ADF. Nitrogen consumption more than 80 kg.h-1 had no significant effect on forage dry yield and quality under soil water deficit conditions and application of zeolite; Therefore, Nitrogen application (80 kg.h-1) was sufficient to obtain suitable forage yield and quality of the amaranth with zeolite application.
Aydin Khodaei-Joghan; Majid Agha-Alikhani; Majid Gholamhoseini; Reza Ataei; Ali Sorooshzadeh; Amir Ghalavand
Abstract
The current study was conducted to investigate the effects of different soil fertility treatments on qualitative and quantitative yield of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) under different irrigation regimes. The experiment was conducted in Tarbiat Modares University research field at 2012 and 2013 growing ...
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The current study was conducted to investigate the effects of different soil fertility treatments on qualitative and quantitative yield of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) under different irrigation regimes. The experiment was conducted in Tarbiat Modares University research field at 2012 and 2013 growing season. Treatments were arranged as split plots based on a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Irrigation regimes, (irrigation after consuming 30% (I1), irrigation after consuming 50% (I2) and irrigation after consuming 70% (I3) of available soil moisture) were randomly assigned to the main plots and the subplots were eight different fertilizer types (providing 100% of plant nitrogen requirement from urea as chemical fertilizer (F1), combination of chemical fertilizer and cattle manure (F2), zeocompost (F3), vermicompost (F4), zeoponix (F5), combination of zeocompost and vermicompost (F6) combination of zeocompost and zeoponix (F7), combination of vermicompost and zeoponix (F8)). The results indicated that the maximum seed yield was obtained in normal irrigation treatment (irrigation after consuming 30% of available soil moisture). Under water deficit stress conditions (irrigation after consuming 50 and 70% of available soil moisture), organic treatments amended with more zeolite (zeocompost, zeoponix and zeocompost + zeoponix) improved seed yield. Under severe water deficit stress condition (I3), zeolite-amended organic treatments (zeocompost, zeoponix and zeocompost + zeoponix) increased seed oil percentage by 8, 9 and 13 percent in the first year and by 13, 10 and 12 percent in the second year of the experiment in comparison with chemical treatment (F1). In addition, organic treatments improved oil quality through increasing linoleic and oleic acid percentage. Overall, the results suggest that combined application of processed organic fertilizers such as vermicompost, zeocompost and zeoponix not only increases sunflower seed yield and oil quality but also reduces chemical fertilizers need in sunflower production.
Mohammad Ghasem Jami; Amir Ghalavand; Seyed Ali Mohammad Modares Sanavy
Abstract
To decrease the use of chemical fertilizers and improving the yield and yield components of sunflower, a field experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of Tarbiat Modares University in 2014 and 2105. Three irrigation regimes (irrigation after depleting 40, 60 and 80% of soil water at field capacity ...
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To decrease the use of chemical fertilizers and improving the yield and yield components of sunflower, a field experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of Tarbiat Modares University in 2014 and 2105. Three irrigation regimes (irrigation after depleting 40, 60 and 80% of soil water at field capacity (FC)), three soil fertility systems (100% farmyard manure (35% chicken manure + 65% sheep manure), 50% farmyard manure + 50% chemical fertilizer and 100% chemical fertilizer (urea)) and three zeolite rates (0, 5 and 10 ton ha-1) were studied in a split factorial arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications, with irrigation regimes as the main plots, and factorial combination of the other two factors as the subplots. Over two experimental years, there were significant increases in grain yield and water use efficiency by applying either 100% farmyard manure (28.2 + 14.6 ton sheep + chicken manure ha-1, respectively) or integrated fertilizer (14.1 + 7.3 ton sheep + chicken manure ha-1, respectively plus 65 kg urea ha-1) with 5 or 10 ton zeolite ha-1 under all irrigation treatments. Based on the results, irrigation after depleting 40% of soil water at FC was revealed as a most performance of all treatment combinations. The highest oil and protein concentrations of grain were obtained with zeolite application under non-stress conditions. Chemical fertilizer application increased grain protein concentration, while organic manure increased grain oil concentration.
Jalal Jalilian; Reza Amirnia; Esmaeil Gholinezhad; Sahar Abbas zadeh
Abstract
To evaluate effected of supplemental irrigation and seed priming on yield and some quantity and quality characteristics of vetch (Vicia dasycarpa) rainfed maragheh cultivar, an experiment was carried out at the Research Farm of Faculty Agriculture of Urmia University, West Azarbaijan province, Iran, ...
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To evaluate effected of supplemental irrigation and seed priming on yield and some quantity and quality characteristics of vetch (Vicia dasycarpa) rainfed maragheh cultivar, an experiment was carried out at the Research Farm of Faculty Agriculture of Urmia University, West Azarbaijan province, Iran, during 2011. The experimental design was split-plot, laid out in Randomized Complete Block with three replicates. The main plots were without supplemental irrigation (I1), one times supplemental irrigation (I2), two times supplemental irrigation (I3) and three times supplemental irrigation (I4). The subplot included four levels of seed priming: Control (C), Water (W), Phosphate (P) and Nitroxin (N). Plant height, Pod number in stems, 1000-grain weight, biological yield (6.83 t/ha) and harvest index were influenced by the supplemental irrigation. Plant height, 1000-grain weight in second and third harvest and harvest index were influenced by seed priming. Maximum and minimum 1000-grain weight was observed in N (40.66g and 14.72) and C (37.05g and 10.36) seed priming, respectively. As a result, applying two times supplemental irrigation and seed treatment with phosphate and nitroxin had positive effects on quality and quantity yield of vetch.
Masoumeh Naeemi; Gholam Ali Akbari; Amir Hosein Shirani Rad; Tahere Hasanloo; Gholam Abbas Akbari; Mahdieh Amirinejad
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of zeolite application and selenium spraying on some physiological traits and grain yield in medicinal pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) under different moisture regimes, a study was conducted in a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications ...
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In order to evaluate the effect of zeolite application and selenium spraying on some physiological traits and grain yield in medicinal pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) under different moisture regimes, a study was conducted in a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications during 2010 in Takestan at Gazvin province, Iran. The three levels of irrigation factors including normal irrigation based on 60mm evaporation from class A pan (control), withhold irrigation at the flowering and fruit formation stages, zeolite factors including two levels of non-application and use of 10 tons per hectare and selenium was sprayed at two concentration in zero and 30 grams per liter per hectare. The results showed that water deficit stress decreased stomatal conductivity, carotenoid content, chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll, grain yield and increased proline concentration and chlorophyll b content. Zeolite application of 10 tons per hectare under water deficit stress conditions had desirable effect on chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b content and grain yield, also improved traits as stomatal conductivity and reduced proline concentration. The highest grain yield (1329 kg.ha-1) was obtained with zeolite and selenium application together at normal irrigation conditions. According to the results, it seems that application of zeoilite and selenium in areas that are subjected to water deficit stress can be useful in improving plant growth and production.
Farrokh Omidi; Ali Sepehri
Abstract
In order to study of Sodium Nitroprusside(SNP) application effect on growth indices and water use efficiency of kidney beans cultivars(Akhtar and Derakhshan) under water deficit stress, an experiment was conducted in split factorial based in randomized complete block design with three replications in ...
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In order to study of Sodium Nitroprusside(SNP) application effect on growth indices and water use efficiency of kidney beans cultivars(Akhtar and Derakhshan) under water deficit stress, an experiment was conducted in split factorial based in randomized complete block design with three replications in Bu-Ali Sina university research field at 2012. Water stress treatments included vegetative stress, reproductive stress, vegetative+reproductive stress and non-water stress (control). Foliar application of SNP was done in 3 concentration(0, 150 and 300 µM SNP). Reproductive stress reduced leaf area, crop growth rate and total dry weight in both cultivars. SNP foliar application (300 µM) increased mentioned indices 28, 26 and 20 percent in Akhtar and 28, 20 and 20 percent in Derakhshan in comparison to without foliar application, respectively. Water use efficiency of grain and water use efficiency of biomass in vegetative stress was more than of non-water stress. Maximum amount of water use efficiency was for Akhtar cultivar with 300 µM Sodium Nitroprusside foliar application and were 0.72 and 2.9 percent for grain and biomass, respectively. SNP foliar application ameliorated and improved negative effects of vegetative and reproductive stress. SNP application(300 µM) had more effect on growth and yield in both cultivars at all water regimes. Therefore, foliar SNP(300 µM) it’s desirable for kidney bean under water deficit stress.
mehrshad Barary; sajad kordi; Lotf Ali Gerami; Ali Hatami; Ali Ashraf Mehrabi; Fardin Ghanbari
Abstract
In order to investigate the impact of foliar Zn application in reducing the negative effects of water stress on bean growth and yield, a field experiment was carried out in the Research Field of Ilam University in 2011. The experiment was arranged in split factorial based on a randomized complete block ...
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In order to investigate the impact of foliar Zn application in reducing the negative effects of water stress on bean growth and yield, a field experiment was carried out in the Research Field of Ilam University in 2011. The experiment was arranged in split factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The experimental factors were water stress including water withholding at flowering, water withholding at pod formation and control (full irrigation) as main plot, and the factorial of Zn application levels including; 0, 2000 and 4000 ppm and two bean cultivars including; Akhtar and Dorsa as sub-plots. Results showed that water stress significantly reduced grain yield and the lowest grain yield obtained from water stress at flowering stage. The highest (3163.6 kg/ha) grain yield achieved by Zn application with 4000 ppm concentration. There was a significant difference between cultivars in different treatments and in overall Dorsa with 3846.4 kg/ha produced the highest grain yield. According to the results the most sensitive stage of bean plants to water stress is flowering stage and Zn application with a concentration of at least 4000 ppm can improve plant tolerance to water deficit.
Zinat Hajihashemi; Gholam Abbas Akbari; Amir Hossein Shirani rad; Reza Amiri; Shahryar Dashti
Volume 11, Issue 2 , November 2009, , Pages 29-39
Abstract
In order to study the effect of drought stress in terminal growth period on agronomical and physiological characteristics of canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars, a field experiment was conducted using split-plot layout based on randomized complete blocks design with four replications at experimental ...
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In order to study the effect of drought stress in terminal growth period on agronomical and physiological characteristics of canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars, a field experiment was conducted using split-plot layout based on randomized complete blocks design with four replications at experimental field of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj in 2006. There were two factors, including irrigation at two levels (irrigation after 80 mm evaporation from class “A” pan as control and drought stress from flowering stage until physiological maturity) as main plots. In addition, twelve spring cultivars: (RGS003, Sarigol, Hyola401, Hyola 60, Hyola 330, Kimberly, 19-H, PR-401/16, PP-308/8, ORS 3150-3006, RG 4403, and RGAS 0324) were applied in sub plots. Results showed that RG 4403 had maximum grain yield (3228 Kg/ha) and harvest index (29.9%). In drought stress conditions, best cultivar in grain yield, 1000-seeds weight and oil yield was 19-H and with comparison of stress tolerance indices had better compatibility to water stress. Sarigol and Hyola330 had the lowest yield and yield components and ORS3150-3006 was the most sensitive to water stress.