Masomeh Ganji; Serolah Galeshi; Hamid Jabbari; Forough Sanjarian; Benjamin Torabi
Abstract
Objective: Water stress affects the crucial processes and yield of crops. This study aimed to investigate the effect of water stress on physiological and biochemical traits of safflower genotypes.Methods: A factorial experiment was carried out as randomized complete block design in Seed and Plant Improvement ...
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Objective: Water stress affects the crucial processes and yield of crops. This study aimed to investigate the effect of water stress on physiological and biochemical traits of safflower genotypes.Methods: A factorial experiment was carried out as randomized complete block design in Seed and Plant Improvement Research Institute during 2017-19. The treatments included two irrigation levels (40 and 80% depletion of available water) and Parnian, Goldasht and Kazak genotypes. Plants were sown in soil columns with a height of 150 and a diameter of 23 cm, and irrigated by a drip system. Antioxidant enzymes, malondialdehyde, proline, relative water content, chlorophyll, seed yield and fatty acid composition were measured at the end.Results: Water stress significantly increased the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde in safflower genotypes which led to increased catalase and peroxidase enzyme activity by 1 and 2.5 U, respectively. The proline content increased about 16 times under water stress conditions. In contrast, the relative water content showed a significant decrease, which resulted in increased canopy temperature and decreased seed yield by 70%. The Kazak genotype had the lowest increase in canopy temperature under stress conditions and showed higher yield stability. Moreover, the fatty acid composition of seed oil changed and the amount of linoleic acid decreased by 1.8% under water stress conditions.Conclusion: The results showed that in addition to drought-related physiological traits, no increase in saturated/unsaturated fatty acid ratio is also an important indicator in screening superior genotypes for cultivation in water shortage.
Mahsa Rafati Alashti; Shahryar Kazemi; Mojdeh Sadat Khayat Moghadam
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the most important factors in reducing yield and seed quality of rapeseed. The present study chiefly tries to evaluate the effect of application of brassinosteroid on seed yield, oil content, oil yield, and fatty acids profile of rapeseed genotypes under late-season water deficit ...
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Drought stress is one of the most important factors in reducing yield and seed quality of rapeseed. The present study chiefly tries to evaluate the effect of application of brassinosteroid on seed yield, oil content, oil yield, and fatty acids profile of rapeseed genotypes under late-season water deficit stresseen considered. A factorial split-plot test has been conducted in a randomized complete blocks design for two cultivation years (2017-2019) in Karaj, Iran. Experimental treatments include two levels of brassinosteroid (i.e., 0 (control) and 0.1μmol) and two levels of irrigation (full irrigation (control) and withholding irrigation from flowering stage) as factorial in the main plots, and rapeseed genotypes (Nafis, Ahmadi, Okapi, Nima, and Niloufar) as subplots. The levels of oleic acid and linoleic acid in the conditions of application of brassinosteroids have been 0.7% and 11% in full irrigation conditions and 1.1% and 6.4% in withholding irrigation conditions, respectively, compared to the control on the other hand, the use of brassinosteroids in withholding irrigation conditions reduce palmitic acid by 14% compared to the control. Okapi genotype has had the highest and lowest erucic acid and grain yield in irrigation conditions, respectively. Under drought stress conditions, the highest seed yield (3112.3 kg/ha) and the lowest amount of erucic acid (0.26%) belonged to Niloufar genotype. The use of brassinosteroids in both irrigation treatments improve the quality of fatty acids and Niloufar cultivar is recommended in both irrigation conditions
Ghorban Khodabin; Mojdeh Sadat Khayat Moghadam; Shahryar kazemi; mahsa rafati alashti
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of different tillage systems (no-tillage, minimum and conventional), fertilizers (no fertilizer, vermicompost (V), urea (U) and combined urea and vermicompost (VU) and irrigation regimes on various quantitative and qualitative traits of rapeseed, as well as soil nitrate ...
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This study investigates the effects of different tillage systems (no-tillage, minimum and conventional), fertilizers (no fertilizer, vermicompost (V), urea (U) and combined urea and vermicompost (VU) and irrigation regimes on various quantitative and qualitative traits of rapeseed, as well as soil nitrate leaching (NL). Field trials have been conducted between 2017 and 2019 in the Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands with no significant difference observed for seed and oil yield between the minimum and conventional till systems. However, the no-till system vs. minimum and conventional till decrease these traits by 22% and 21.5%. The combined application of vermicompost and urea under optimal irrigation conditions boosts oil yield by 24%, compared to the control) of rapeseed. Furthermore, across all tillage types, the highest NL is observed where urea was applied. When compared with urea, V and UV treatments decrease the NL by 67% and 50% in no-till plots, 50% and 36% in minimum till plots, and 49% and 34% in conventional till plots, respectively. Deficit irrigation also reduces linoleic acid by 7.6%. In addition, the highest levels of oleic acid (63.9%) and linoleic acid (20.7%) are observed under residual tillage system with combined fertilizer application and the residual tillage system with vermicompost application, respectively The findings indicate that minimum till in combination with VU treatments supports reduced NL over conventional till and urea fertilization practices, while improving rapeseed quantitative and qualitative traits.
Maryam Rahimi Jahangirlou; Gholam Akbari; Iraj Allah dadi; Saeid Soufizadeh; Maryam Rahimi Jahangirlou
Abstract
Studies to assess quality of dent maize grain are noteworthy because of its wide use as food, feed and ethanol production. This study aimed to evaluate the concentration and composition of starch and oil in maize grain in response to different cultivars (KSC704 and KSC260), planting dates (20 June and ...
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Studies to assess quality of dent maize grain are noteworthy because of its wide use as food, feed and ethanol production. This study aimed to evaluate the concentration and composition of starch and oil in maize grain in response to different cultivars (KSC704 and KSC260), planting dates (20 June and 21 July), irrigation (12-day and 6-day intervals) and nitrogen (0 and 184 kg N ha-1) rate as the strip-plot factorial statistical model during the 2018 growing season in Pakdasht county of Iran. The results suggested that nitrogen application increased grain yield by one tonnes ha-1. In addition, KSC260 had higher grain yield than KSC704 by 0.96 tonnes ha-1. All compositional variables except stearic acid were affected by the interaction effect of irrigation and nitrogen rate. In low irrigated treatments, nitrogen application reduced the amount of oil, palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid. In low irrigated condition, nitrogen application had no effect on increasing the concentration of starch and amylopectin. The use of nitrogen fertilizer reduced the amount of stearic acid by 0.05 g kg-1. In conclusion, the balance between irrigation and nitrogen utilization seems to be important for improving the oil and starch properties of maize grain.
Jahanfar Daneshian; Farnaz Sahriati; NADIA SAFAVI FARD; Abdollah Hassani
Abstract
The effect of water deficit stress has been evaluated on oil quality and yield of 11 sunflower hybrids in Karaj during 2012 and 2013. Three separate experiments have been carried out as the base of randomized complete block design with three replications to apply water deficit stress treatments. Irrigation ...
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The effect of water deficit stress has been evaluated on oil quality and yield of 11 sunflower hybrids in Karaj during 2012 and 2013. Three separate experiments have been carried out as the base of randomized complete block design with three replications to apply water deficit stress treatments. Irrigation of control, mild, and severe stress treatments are performed on the base of 60, 120, and 180 mm evaporation from Class A evaporation pan, respectively. Results show that seed yield has decreased about 18% and 33% in mild and sever water deficit stresses, respectively. Yield and oil percentage are affected by hybrids and the interaction of year and stress. Barzegar hybrid, with an average of 2846 kg/ha, has had the highest grain yield. It is also in the top group with 43.65% oil. Yield and seed oil percentage are affected by environmental conditions of years, while water deficict stress has no significant effect on oleic and linoleic acids. However, there is a strong negative correlation between oleic and linoleic acids. Hysun 25 and Sirena cultivars are suitable for oil production with higher oleic acid and Barzegar and G6×R-43 are suitable for oil production with higher linoleic acid.
Hassan Nouriyani
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of different levels of nitrogen on some grain storage compounds and quantitative and qualitative yield of three sunflower cultivars, an experiment was carried out as split plots based on randomized complete block design with four replications in Dezful region during ...
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In order to investigate the effect of different levels of nitrogen on some grain storage compounds and quantitative and qualitative yield of three sunflower cultivars, an experiment was carried out as split plots based on randomized complete block design with four replications in Dezful region during 2017-2018. In this research, four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1 N) were considered as the main factor and three sunflower cultivars (Ghasem, Record and Progress) as a sub factor. The results showed that increasing nitrogen consumption reduced the percentage of oil, percentage of stearic acid and linoleic acid percentage but, protein percentage, oleic acid and palmitic acid percentage increased significantly. There were significant differences between different cultivars in grain yield and oil content where Qasem cultivar had the highest grain yield (3920 kg ha-1) and oil (1860 kg ha-1) with the consumption of 180 kg ha-1 N. Also, the results indicated that the highest correlation of grain yield with the studied traits belonged to oil yield (r=0.97**) followed by protein content (r=0.85**) and the lowest to linoleic acid (r=-0.58*). In general, it can be stated that more nitrogen consumption has been effective in increasing the quality and quantity of sunflower and Qasim cultivar had a higher ability to absorb nitrogen in order to increase yield per unit area.
Samira Maleki khezerlu; mehdi tajbakhsh
Abstract
In order to study the effect of some seed pretreatment on yield and grain quality characteristics of Amaranthus hypochondriacus L, an experiment was concluded using six treatments based on randomized completely block design with three replications in research field of Urmia University on 2014 cropping ...
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In order to study the effect of some seed pretreatment on yield and grain quality characteristics of Amaranthus hypochondriacus L, an experiment was concluded using six treatments based on randomized completely block design with three replications in research field of Urmia University on 2014 cropping season. Treatments were including seed priming of pigeon manure (one in 10), concentrated vaniaz (68.39 precent) (three in 1000) super micro nano chelate fertilizer (three in 1000), magnetic water, homeopathy 12x and control. The seeds were soaked in the solution of listed treatments for eight hours; thereafter, seeds were brought to the initial moisture content for 24 hours at 25◦C. Seeds were sown in the field and harvested at the maturity time. Results showed that pretreatment of magnetic water increased seed yield, biomass yield, phosphorus, oil percent, oil yield, palmitic and stearic fatty acids by 22.31, 17.71, 25.5, 20.6, 36.6, 12.7, 22.2 percent compared with control. The highest value in oleic and linoleic fatty acid was obtained for nano chelat fertilizer. The treatments created more favorable conditions than control condition due to the increasing the percentage of germination, seedling growth and establishment under field condition. According to the current study, using magnetic water and nano chelat pretreatment had positive effects on the yield and quantitative characteristics more than the other treatments.