Abdollah fariSa; Ali Nakhzari Moghaddam; ali Rahemi karizaki; Mohammad Salahi Farahi
Abstract
Objective: In order to study the effect of nitrogen splitting and supplemental irrigation on yield, yield components and oil percentage of sunflower a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design on farm research of Gonbad University with three replications during crop ...
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Objective: In order to study the effect of nitrogen splitting and supplemental irrigation on yield, yield components and oil percentage of sunflower a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design on farm research of Gonbad University with three replications during crop year of 2019.Methods: Treatments in this experiment included nitrogen splitting (none consumption of nitrogen (as control), 25% of nitrogen at planting time and 75% before flowering, 50% of nitrogen at planting time and 50% before flowering and 75% of nitrogen at planting and 25% before flowering and supplemental irrigation (none irrigation ((as control)), supplementary irrigation at flowering stage, supplemental irrigation at grain filling stage, supplemental irrigation at flowering stage and grain filling stages) in four levels.Results: The results showed that consumption of 25% nitrogen at planting time and 75% before flowering led to the highest increase in number of grains per row, number of grains per head, one thousand-grain weight, grain yield (4318 kg.ha-1) and harvest index. Consumption of 75% nitrogen at planting time and 25% before flowering increased the number of rows per capita. None consumption of nitrogen increased oil percent though oil yield decreased. Irrigation at flowering and grain filling stages increased the number of grain per capita, grain weight, and grain yield (4427 kg.ha-1).Conclusion: According to the results, irrigation at flowering and grain filling stages as well as application of 25% nitrogen at planting time and 75% before flowering is suitable to achieve optimum sunflower yield.
Arefeh Alipour ghasem abad sofla; Ali Nakhzari Moghaddam; Mehdi Mollashahi; Ebrahim Gholamalalipour Alamdari
Abstract
Combining organic and chemical fertilizers is one of the most important ways to achieve sustainable agriculture. In order to investigate the effect of organic fertilizers with chemical fertilizers on yield, yield components, and quality traits of sunflower, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized ...
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Combining organic and chemical fertilizers is one of the most important ways to achieve sustainable agriculture. In order to investigate the effect of organic fertilizers with chemical fertilizers on yield, yield components, and quality traits of sunflower, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in spring 2018 at Gonbad Kavous University farm research. Cultivar factor included Haysan 25 and Oscar and combination of fertilizer factor included no fertilizer application, 100 kg N/ha, 50 kg N/ha, 50 kg N/ha + 1.5 kg humic acid/ha, 50 kg N/ha + 0.5 kg Vita free/ha, and 50 kg N/ha + 1.5 kg humic acid+ 0.5 kg Vita free/ha. The results showed that the effect of cultivar and fertilizer on most of the measured traits was significant. Oscar cultivar produced higher grain yield, biological yield and oil percent and oil yield than Haysan 25 cultivar. Grain yield, oil yield, biological yield and plant height in 100 kg N/ha treatment was higher than other fertilizer treatments though not significantly different from 50 kg N/ha + 1.5 kg humic acid/ha + 0.5 kg Vita free/ha treatment. Based on the results, in order to achieve the maximum seed and oil yield of sunflower and to prevent excessive use of chemical fertilizers, the combined use of Nitrogen fertilizer, humic acid and vita free is necessary.
Masoud Lakzaei; Ali Nakhzari Moghaddam; Mehdi Mollashahi; Abbas Biabani
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of planting pattern and nitrogen and megafol on grain yield, yield components, and seed protein of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under rainfed conditions, a factorial experiment has been conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Gonbad ...
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In order to investigate the effect of planting pattern and nitrogen and megafol on grain yield, yield components, and seed protein of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under rainfed conditions, a factorial experiment has been conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Gonbad Kavous University farm during growth season of 2017-2018. The planting pattern is in three levels of 30×11, 45×7.4, and 60×5.5 cm (30 plants. m-2) and the factor of use of fertilizers in five levels of non-consumption and consumption of 50 and 100 kg nitrogen and one and two liters of megafol per hectare. The results show that the highest seed yield is related to 30×11 and 45×7.4 and the lowest is related to 60×5.5 cm. Seed per plant and seed yield in application of 100 and 50 kg N ha-1 has been higher than others. The highest and the lowest protein percentage of seeds is related to 60×5.5 and 30×11 cm. 1000-seed weight in application of 100 and 50 kg N ha-1 and 2 liters of megafol has been more than other treatments. The harvest index in application of fertilizer is the maximum and in treatment of non-application of fertilizer is the minimum. In addition, because of more effect of nitrogen on seed yield compared to megafol and non-significant differences between consumption of 100 and 50 kg N ha-1, it seems that consumption of 50 kg N ha-1 and planting pattern of 30×11 is the most appropriate advice for planting of rainfed chickpea in Gonbad Kavous condition.
Vajiheh Amini Mandi; Ali Nakhzari Moghaddam; ali Rahemi karizaki; Masoumeh Naeemi
Abstract
This study is conducted to investigate the influential factors on rice yield gap in the Joibar Region, located in Mazandaran Province, by means of two methods of boundary line analysis and comparative performance analysis, in the cropping years of 2017-18 and 2018-19. It is carried out through fieldwork ...
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This study is conducted to investigate the influential factors on rice yield gap in the Joibar Region, located in Mazandaran Province, by means of two methods of boundary line analysis and comparative performance analysis, in the cropping years of 2017-18 and 2018-19. It is carried out through fieldwork and face-to-face interviews with farmers, for which purpose, totally 120 rice fields located in the studied geographical area in each crop year have been selected in such a way that they had sufficient diversity in terms of location and time. In the comparative performance analysis method, the relation between yield and all measured quantitative and qualitative variables are examined, using multiple regression method. According to the suggested protocol in the boundary line analysis method, a boundary line is fitted to the data in the data distribution diagram. Results show that according to the yield comparative performance analysis model, the yield gap of Joibar rice fields has been 1842 kg/ha, and the harvest date has played the most important role in rice yield gap. Also, according to the findings of border line analysis, the yield gap of rice fields in this region has been 874 kg/ha with the biological control being the most important factor in rice yield gap. Therefore, continuous monitoring and evaluation of crop management on farmers' fields and its identification is essential to eliminate yield gaps along with the management factors causing them.
Mojtaba Salehi Sheikhi; Ali Nakhzari Moghaddam; ali Rahemi karizaki; Majid Mohamad Eamaeili
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivar as well as replacement and additive intercropping ratios of pea and spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) on yield and competition indices, a factorial experiment has been conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications ...
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In order to investigate the effect of pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivar as well as replacement and additive intercropping ratios of pea and spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) on yield and competition indices, a factorial experiment has been conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications at Gonbad Kavous University research field during 2016-2017. Intercropping ratios at nine levels consisted of pure pea, pure spinach, 33%, 50%, and 67% spinach instead of pea, addition series of 33%, 50%, 67%, and 100% spinach to pea. Also, pea cultivars have been Shamshiri and Pofaki. Land equivalent ratio and relative crowding coefficient in additive treatments have been more than replacement treatments, above one in all treatments. The highest land equivalent ratio with 1.333 has been observed in 100% pea + 100% spinach. In replacement series, pea has been the dominant plant, while in additive series spinach has dominated. No actual yield loss is observed in all treatments. The highest system productivity index has been related to 100% pea + 100% spinach with 3045. Overall, the land equivalent ratio of more than one and positive system productivity index of especial treatment, equal to 100% pea + 100% spinach indicate the benefit of pea and spinach intercropping.
mohammadsaleh ravan; ali Rahemi karizaki; Abbas Biabani; Ali Nakhzari Moghaddam; ebrahim gholamali pouralmdari
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of barley cultivars on the yield and yield components of grain under rain-fed conditions a factorial experiment has been carried out in a randomized complete block design with four replications at Gonbad-e Kavous University Research Field during 2016 – 2017 and ...
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In order to investigate the effect of barley cultivars on the yield and yield components of grain under rain-fed conditions a factorial experiment has been carried out in a randomized complete block design with four replications at Gonbad-e Kavous University Research Field during 2016 – 2017 and 2017 – 2018 growing seasons. Density treatments of 200, 300, 400, and 500 grain per square meter have been considered as the first, and four barley cultivars, namely Fardan, Khorram, Mahoor, and Sahra, have been taken as the second factors. In case of the number of grains per spike and the number of spikes per square meter, Sahra cultivar in minimum density and Mahoor cultivar in maximum density have proven to be the best cultivars, respectively. The highest thousand grain weight belongs to Fardan cultivar. Maximum grain yield in first and second year of the experiment have been obtained from Mahoor cultivars with 300 grains in meter square and Khorram with 200 grains in meter square, respectively. Higher yield in the second year than the first one seems to be due to higher rainfall and more appropriate distribution, especially in the reproductive stage and grain filling period. In both years, a negative and strong correlation is observed between the number of spikes per square meter and the number of grains per spike (r=-0.67 and r=-0.83 in the first and second year, respectively); but this correlation has been positive with grain yield. The highest positive and significant correlation belongs to the one between grain yield, harvest index, and biological yield. According to the results, an increase in grain yield is due to the increase in both harvest index and biological yield. Finally, optimum density for maximum grain yield has been 200 grain in meter square for Fardan, Khorram, and Sahra; and 300 for Mahoor.
Ali Nakhzari Moghaddam; Hajberdi Ghelichi Yanghagh; Abbas Biabani; Fakhtak Taliey
Abstract
In order to study the effect of nitrogen and irrigation interval on quantity traits and protein of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.), a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design was conducted with three replications at research farm of Gonbad Kavous University during 2016. Interval irrigation ...
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In order to study the effect of nitrogen and irrigation interval on quantity traits and protein of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.), a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design was conducted with three replications at research farm of Gonbad Kavous University during 2016. Interval irrigation factor was at three levels including irrigation each 10, 20 and 30-day, nitrogen fertilizer in three levels of non-application and application of 50 and 100 kg per hectare and mung bean genotypes in two levels of VC-1973A and Partov. The results showed that the highest grain yield was obtained from 30-day irrigation interval with 100 and 50 kg per hectare nitrogen and the lowest grain yield was obtained from 10–day irrigation interval and 100 kg nitrogen/ha and non-application treatment and also 20–day irrigation interval and non-application of nitrogen/ha. Grain yield in VC-1973A was 72.52% higher than partov gernotype. The highest protein percentage was obtained from irrigation interval of 30-day and the lowest was obtained from 10-day irrigation interval. With increasing of nitrogen consumption, protein percentage increased but proline decreased. Increasing of irrigation intervals from 10 to 30-day increased the amount of proline in mung bean genotypes. Protein percentage and amount of proline in Partov was 9.49% and 29.66% more than VC-1973A. In addition, although in some traits Partov was superior but in more traits especially grain yield VC-1973A was better than Partov and increasing of interval irrigation and nitrogen consumption created better conditions for mung bean production.
Shahram SekhavatiFar; ali Rahemi karizaki; Ali Nakhzari Moghaddam; Mehdi Mollashahi
Abstract
Understanding the performance potential and the gap between the actual yields of crops with the achievable function is necessary to diagnose the limiting factors of performance. The present study was conducted based on the method of CPA in 50 fields of Zavkooh villi (Kalaleh, Golestan, Iran) in 2016 ...
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Understanding the performance potential and the gap between the actual yields of crops with the achievable function is necessary to diagnose the limiting factors of performance. The present study was conducted based on the method of CPA in 50 fields of Zavkooh villi (Kalaleh, Golestan, Iran) in 2016 and 2017. In this study all information related to management practices, soil characteristics and farmer socio- economic status were measured and recorded. In the comparative performance analysis (CPA) method, using stepwise regression, the relationship between variables and yield was considered. And yield gap rate, its causes factors and it was also estimated the contribution of each of these factors to the creation of a yield gap. The results showed that between the average real yield (2308 kg ha-1) and the yieldable yield (4123 kg ha-1), there is 1818 kg per hectare of vacuum. Accordingly, the most important factors in yield gap for the region included: field size with 21.4 percent, Summer plowing with 15 percent, The time of land preparation and plowing with 14.7 percent, nitrogen fertilizer with 14.6 percent, potassium fertilizer with 14 percent, weeds density per unit area with 10.8 percent), seed treatment with 8.1 percent and Subsoiler with 1.4 percent.
Ali Nakhzari Moghaddam; Mojtaba Salehi Sheikhi; ali Rahemi karizaki; Majid Mohamad Eamaeili
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of pea cultivars and planting pattern on yield and seed protein of pea, total yield and LER, a factorial experiment (two factors) was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in research farm of Gonbad Kavous University during 2016-2017. ...
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In order to investigate the effect of pea cultivars and planting pattern on yield and seed protein of pea, total yield and LER, a factorial experiment (two factors) was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in research farm of Gonbad Kavous University during 2016-2017. In this experiment, two cultivars of pea (Poffaki (Aspersion) and Shamshiri (Swordfish)) and a native variety of spinach were used. Nine planting pattern i.e. sole pea and spinach, replacement series of 33, 50 and 67% spinach instead of pea and additive series of 33, 50, 67 and 100% spinach to pea. Effect of pea cultivar and planting pattern were significant on most of traits. Plant length, 100-seed weight, pod weight, pod yield per plant, fresh weight of pea plant and pod yield in Poffaki was higher than Shamshiri but number of pod per plant and harvest index in Shamshiri was higher than Poffaki. Number of pod per plant, pod weight, pod yield per plant, 100-seed weight, harvest index, and fresh weight of pea in sole pea and replacement series was higher than additive series. Addition of spinach in additive series reduced traits of pea but total yield increased. According to the results, yield of Poffaki cultivar was 11.81% higher than Shamshiri and the highest total yield with 30.1 ton/ha obtained from additive series of 100% pea + 100% spinach. Land equivalent ratio (LER) was over than 1 in all intercropping treatments that indicates the superiority of intercropping.
Naser Samsami; Ali Nakhzari Moghaddam; Ali Rahemi Karizaki; Esmaeil Gholinezhad
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of drought stress and inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobium bacteria on quality and quantity of soybean yield, an experiment was conducted as a split-plot factorial in a RCBD with three replications at research farm of Agricultural Highschool of Urmia during ...
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In order to investigate the effect of drought stress and inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobium bacteria on quality and quantity of soybean yield, an experiment was conducted as a split-plot factorial in a RCBD with three replications at research farm of Agricultural Highschool of Urmia during 2017 cropping season. Main plot was drought stress including optimum irrigation, moderate drought stress and severe drought stress and sub plots were mycorrhizal fungi in three levels (without mycorrhiza and inoculation with Glomus mosseae and G. intraradices) and Rhizobium japonicum in two levels (without inoculation and inoculation with R. japonicum). In response to moderate drought stress, protein percentage increased but increasing severity of drought stress reduced protein and oil percent. Irrigation along with inoculation with mycorhizal fungi specially G. mosseae enhanced number of seeds per plant, protein percentage and protein yield. Under three irrigation conditions, inoculation with bacteria compared to non-inoculation led to increase seed yield, oil yield and protein yield. Inoculation with bacteria and mycorhizal fungi increased seed yield and oil yield. Study of correlation coefficient showed that there was a positive and significant correlation between seed yield with 1000-seed weight, number of seeds per plant, oil and protein yield. According to the results of this research, using mycorrhiza G. mosseae and inoculation with R. japonicum can have a positive effect on the quantitative and qualitative traits of soybeans.
Ali Mansouri rad; Ali Nakhzari Moghadam; Afshin Soltani; Ali Rahemi Karizaki; Benyamin Torabi
Abstract
One of the main problems of soybean production in the east region of Golestan, Iran is considerable difference between actual yield and attainable yield which is called yield gap. In recent years, this gap has been impressive, and therefore, identifying soybean yield-limiting factors is essentially needed. ...
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One of the main problems of soybean production in the east region of Golestan, Iran is considerable difference between actual yield and attainable yield which is called yield gap. In recent years, this gap has been impressive, and therefore, identifying soybean yield-limiting factors is essentially needed. The present study was conducted based on CPA method in 73 fields of Kalaleh )Golestan, Iran) in 2016. In this study all information related about management practices, soil characteristics and farmer socio-economic status were measured and recorded. Then, using stepwise regression, the relationship between variables and yield was considered. The results showed that there is a 2606.4 kg/ha difference (gap) between actual yield (average farmers' yield) and attainable yield (maximum farmers' yield). It was identified that farming experience, burying plant residues in the soil, planting date, Sprinkler irrigation, the amount of used water and plant density were contributed to yield gap, 30.1, 5.1, 14.7, 13.8, 13.8 and 22.5%, respectively. It could be concluded that improving these factors will increase the yield up to 1802.9 kg/ha.