Jafar Biabani; Abdolrahman Mohammadkhani; masoud fattahi
Abstract
Objective: Almonds are high in antioxidants, vitamin E, protein, and fiber. This nutrient-rich nut is an excellent addition to any diet since it is a versatile ingredient linked to several health benefits. The development of communications have led to a wider cultivation of temperate fruits, cultivars ...
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Objective: Almonds are high in antioxidants, vitamin E, protein, and fiber. This nutrient-rich nut is an excellent addition to any diet since it is a versatile ingredient linked to several health benefits. The development of communications have led to a wider cultivation of temperate fruits, cultivars being selected and grown in different environmental conditions. This situation has increased the risks derived from the incomplete breaking of dormancy, and encouraged studies concerning the chilling and heat requirements of fruit cultivars for breaking dormancy and flowering. Estimating chilling and heat requirements of flower buds in fruit trees is important due to predicting flowering time for appropriate site selection to escape spring frost damage.
Methods: In order to investigate the chill and heat requirements of commercial almond cultivars, a factorial experiment was planned and implemented in a completely randomized design with 3 replications in Shahrekord university lab (in 2017). The first factor included commercial almond cultivars in five levels (Mamaei, Rabi, Sefid, Shahroud 7, and Shahroud 12) and the second factor included chilling in seven levels (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, and 700 hours at 4-7 °C). As soon as dormancy was induced in the buds of each cultivar, 75 branches were prepared and transferred to a refrigerator with a temperature of 4 to 7 ° C to determine the chilling requirement. The samples were taken out of the refrigerator and placed in water and sucrose solution in the greenhouse environment, and the flowering status of flower buds was examined.
Results: The results illustrated that the chill and heat requirements of Sefid and Mamaei cultivars were lower than average requirements of all cultivars in this respect. Furthermore, these two cultivars had the lower chill and heat requirements than other cultivars. Also, Sefid cultivar needed 170 hours of chill requirements and 5886 growing degree hours’ heat and Mamaei cultivar needed 170 hours of chill and 7707 growing degree hours’ heat. Rabi cultivar had lower chill and heat requirements than the average of all cultivars, but in Shahroud 7 cultivar both of chill and heat requirements were high. Shahroud 7 cultivar needed to 220.5 hours of chill and 10958 of heat growth degree hours for blooming. On the other hand, Shahroud 12 cultivar was identified as a cultivar with high chilling requirements and low heat requirements.
Conclusion: The minus effects of the lack of chilling for breaking dormancy in temperate fruits, both in vegetative growth, and fruit-bearing have been proved. Chilling requirements of temperate fruit cultivars have to be fully satisfied, if dormancy breaking is to result in the desired vegetative growth, and if the fruit-bearing capacity is to be fulfilled. On the other hand, in case of low chilling requirements blooming happens too early and cold temperatures produce an important loss of yield by frost.
arefeh mazrouei; keramatollah saeidi; zahara izadi; Abdolrahman Mohammadkhani
Abstract
Since harvested horticultural products are highly perishable, those techniques should be used to increase their shelf life for their use in all seasons and their export. The effects of the encapsulation of Satureja bachtiarica essential oil with chitosan on the sensory and qualitative characteristics ...
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Since harvested horticultural products are highly perishable, those techniques should be used to increase their shelf life for their use in all seasons and their export. The effects of the encapsulation of Satureja bachtiarica essential oil with chitosan on the sensory and qualitative characteristics of pomegranate arils are studied in an experiment based on a completely randomized design with eight treatments including different w/w ratios of S. bachtiarica essential oil to chitosan (1:1, 1:2, and 1:3) at two spray levels of S. bachtiarica essential oil (0.3 and 0.6), and a pre-treatment and a post-treatment control, with three replications in the research laboratory of Shahrekord University in 2020-2021. Arils treated with the chitosan: essential oil ratio of 1-0.6 exhibit the best appearance and those treated with 2-0.3 and 3-0.3 exhibit the best taste. Based on the results, the diameter of the antimicrobial halo related to the fungus has been 2 mm in the essential oil treatment and 5.5 mm in the essential oil: chitosan ratio of 1:2. The highest encapsulation efficiency and the smallest particle size pertain to the treatment of 1:2. The ratio of 1:3 show higher efficiency than the ratio of 1:1 (55.1% versus 51.2%). The lowest zeta potential is obtained from the 1:3 ratio and the highest from the 1:1 ratio. Coating pomegranate arils and selecting an appropriate concentration of S. bachtiarica with chitosan coating (1-0.3 and 2-0.3) can significantly contribute to preserving the shelf life, marketability, and nutritional quality of pomegranate arils.
farzaneh Pimard; Abdolrahman Mohammadkhani; Ali Niazi; Alireza Shahsavar; Mohammad-Reza Nouri-Emamzadei
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the limiting factors of agriculture in many parts of the world, especially Iran. Understanding the mechanism behind drought stress’ effect on physiological and biochemical processes of genotypes is very useful for selecting and breeding genotypes compatible with Iranian ...
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Drought stress is one of the limiting factors of agriculture in many parts of the world, especially Iran. Understanding the mechanism behind drought stress’ effect on physiological and biochemical processes of genotypes is very useful for selecting and breeding genotypes compatible with Iranian conditions. For this purpose, the present study has been conducted in 2018-2019 in the Biotechnology Research Institute of Shiraz University to investigate the effect of drought stress on physiological and biochemical characteristics of both years’ old pomegranate seedlings of Wonderful cultivar in greenhouse conditions. Irrigation has been carried out at four levels of 100% (control), 75%, 55%, and 35% of field capacity for 50 days. The experiment is based on a completely randomized design with three replications. The results show that drought stress has significantly increased carotenoids, flavonoids, malondialdehyde, and proline. The relative leaf water content, cell membrane stability and anthocyanins has decreased, though there has been no significant difference in chlorophyll and glycine betaine levels between drought treatments. Also, the hydrogen peroxide (81%) and activity of superoxide dismutase (480%), catalase (96%), and ascorbate peroxidase (96%) in 35% of field capacity significantly has increased. According to the results of this study, especially the increase in proline and antioxidant enzymes under drought stress, tolerance mechanisms in pomegranate cultivar Wonderful can be associated with active osmotic regulation and active enzymatic antioxidant system.
masoud fattahi; Abdorahman Mohammadkhani; Behroz Shiran; Bahram Baninasab; Rodabe Ravash
Abstract
The present experiment has compared the resistance of different mycorrhizal pistachio rootstocks to salinity and drought stress in a completely randomized design with three replications. It has used Funneliformis mosseae and four pistachio species, Badami-e Riz Zarand, Qazvini, Sarakhs, and UCB1. In ...
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The present experiment has compared the resistance of different mycorrhizal pistachio rootstocks to salinity and drought stress in a completely randomized design with three replications. It has used Funneliformis mosseae and four pistachio species, Badami-e Riz Zarand, Qazvini, Sarakhs, and UCB1. In addition, the experiment of water stress in 4 levels (100%, 80%, 60%, and 40% FC), and experiment of salinity stress in 4 levels (0.91, 7.57, 16.12, and 24.63 dSm-1), have been applied for 60 days. At the end of the experiment, different characteristics such as total biomass, leaf area, tissue moisture percentage, and electrolyte leakage have been measured. Also, during the experiment, total chlorophyll, carotenoids and anthocyanin pigments have been surveyed and analyzed. The results indicate that mycorrhizal symbiosis has improved total biomass and leaf moisture content under both drought and salinity stress conditions, wherein tissue moisture content and total leaf chlorophyll content have decreased and anthocyanin content and electrolyte leakage increased. As for the lowest leaf, stem and root moisture content have been observed at the highest drought and salinity levels with UCB1 having the highest biomass and moisture under salinity stress and the highest leaf and stem moisture content and lowest electrolyte leakage are observed in Sarakhs rootstock under drought stress. It seems UCB1 and Sarakhs symbiotic with mycorrhiza can be useful for salinity and drought stress, respectively.
Malihe Akrami Abarghoei; Abdolrahman Mohammadkhani; Gholamreza Rabiei
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of some bio-stimulators on yield and fruit quality of apricot cv. ‘Shekar pareh’ management functions were studied in the spring of 2014 in Abarkouh of Yazd province. The experiment was based on randomized complete blocks design with seven nutritional treatments ...
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In order to evaluate the effect of some bio-stimulators on yield and fruit quality of apricot cv. ‘Shekar pareh’ management functions were studied in the spring of 2014 in Abarkouh of Yazd province. The experiment was based on randomized complete blocks design with seven nutritional treatments included control (water spraying), humic acid one and two per thousand, aminol forte three and six per thousand and humi forte 0.5 and 1 per thousand in four replications. Bio stimulators were applied just spray twice during the growth period including two weeks after full bloom and a month after it. Results showed that the bio-stimulators effects significantly affected the measured traits except for the titratable acidity (based on malic acid), firmness and maturity index. Humic acid treatment reduced physical properties, total soluble solids and vitamin C. Aminol Forte with three per thousand concentrations increased most of the physical and chemical characteristics, but three per thousand to six per thousand concentrations had the effect of decreasing. Humi forte also increases fruit's carotenoid and vitamin C. Therefore, it seems that between treatments, aminol forte bio-stimulator enhanced yield and improve the quality of apricot fruit. Therefore, it can be recommended to spraing of aminol forte with three per thousand concentrations at the suitable time.
Zahra Rezaei; Mohammad Rafieolhosseini; Abdolrahman Mohammadkhani
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of manure and super absorbent polymer on some morphological characteristics and fennel (Foeniculum vulgar Mill) essential oil production under drought stress conditions, an experiment was conducted as spilt-plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications ...
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In order to evaluate the effect of manure and super absorbent polymer on some morphological characteristics and fennel (Foeniculum vulgar Mill) essential oil production under drought stress conditions, an experiment was conducted as spilt-plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications at University of Shahrekord in 2015. The main factor was different levels of drought stress including three levels of control (50 mm), moderate stress (100 mm) and severe stress (150 mm) evaporation from class. A pan and sub-factor was considered different ratios of animal manure and super absorbent polymer in six levels (D1: lack of manure and super absorbent polymer, D2: 25% manure + 75% super absorbent polymer, D3: 50% manure + 50% super absorbent polymer, D4: 75% manure + 25% super absorbent polymer, D5: 100% manure (40 t.ha-1) and D6: 100% super absorbent polymer (200 Kg.ha1)). The results showed that the maximum number of umbel, grain yield (146.66 g/m2), harvest index and essential oil yield (2.99 g/m2) from control treatment and D6, the maximum number of lateral branch, floret and plant dry weight (165.62 g/m2) from control treatment and D4 and the maximum thousand seed weight and plant fresh weight, from control treatment and D3 and D2 were obtained, respectively. The maximum essential oil percentage (3.09) was obtained from severe stress and D5 treatment. The maximum plant height and number of main branch was obtained from D6 and D4 treatments, respectively and under control conditions. Since the superabsorbent polymer while reducing the effects of drought, increased grain yield, harvest index and oil yield of fennel, thus, control treatment with 100% super absorbent polymer consumption can be offered to maximize grain and essential oil yield under the same conditions.
Leila Mohammadi; Saeed Rizi; Abdorrahman Mohammadkhani; Rahim Barzegar
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of slow release fertilizer and humic acid on quality of New Guinea Impatiens (Impatiens hawkeri), an experiment established in complete random design with 15 treatments and three replications. Treatments were slow release fertilizer (12-11-18-2.7MgO-8S) in five levels (0, 1.5, ...
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To evaluate the effect of slow release fertilizer and humic acid on quality of New Guinea Impatiens (Impatiens hawkeri), an experiment established in complete random design with 15 treatments and three replications. Treatments were slow release fertilizer (12-11-18-2.7MgO-8S) in five levels (0, 1.5, 3, 4.5 and 6 kg/m3) and humic acid in three levels (0, 2 and 4 kg/m3) that mixed with medium culture. The substrate medium was included 50 percecnt of peat moss, 40 percent of perlite and 10 percent of rice husk (v/v). Five months after seeding, results showed the most flower number (20 number) in 6 kg/m3 mixed with 2 kg/m3 of humic acid, and the most leaf number (122 number) in 3 kg/m3 of slow release fertilizer treatments. The slow release fertilizer treatment showed a positive significant effect in all traits. Also, humic acid had a positive significant effect on plant height, leaf and shoot number, leaf area, total chlorophyll, shoot fresh weight, flower diameter, flower life and flower number. Considering that, humic acid in 2-4 kg/m3 and slow release fertilizer in 3-4.5 kg/m3 could be recommended for New Guinea Impatiens cultivation.
Safoura Kazemi; Rahim Barzegar; Abd-Alrahman Mohammadkhani
Abstract
The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of vermivash on yield and leaf nutrient status of strawberry "Govieta" at research greenhouse of Shahrekord University in 2013. Treatments were included control (without vermiwash foliar spray) and different concentration of vermiwash (10, ...
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The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of vermivash on yield and leaf nutrient status of strawberry "Govieta" at research greenhouse of Shahrekord University in 2013. Treatments were included control (without vermiwash foliar spray) and different concentration of vermiwash (10, 15 and 25 percent) that spryed at 1, 2 and 3 weeks interval. Vermiwash was extracted from cow manure vermicompost through earthworm Eisenia foetida. The experiment was conducted in completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The results showed that there was significant difference between vermiwash treatments and control for the leaf elements of N, K and Fe, but was not significant for the other macro and microelements. Leaf Fe concentration increased up to excessive level in 25 percent concentration with weekly interval. Foliar spray of 25, 15 and 10 percent vermiwash with two-weeks intervals considerably enhanced the number of fruit and yield per plant, but decreaced fruit weigth average a little. Increasing the yield per plant ranged between 24 and 68g for various vermiwash treatments in comparison with control. Vermiwash treatments had no effect on inflorescence number per plant and flower number per inflorescence. Foliar spray of 15 and 10 percent vermiwash with two-weeks interval improved the yield of strawberry "Govita".
Akram Vatankhah; Abdolrahman Mohammadkhani; Sadollah Hooshmand3; Shahram Kiani
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of humic acid and Zn on the grape yield and mineral concentration, a factorial experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The study was done on 20 years old grapevines in the Farsan region from Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari ...
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In order to evaluate the effect of humic acid and Zn on the grape yield and mineral concentration, a factorial experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The study was done on 20 years old grapevines in the Farsan region from Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province in 2013-2014. Each of the factors, humic acid and zinc sulfate, were applied in three levels zero, 0.1 and 0.2 weight percent, in two periods including before of flowering and two weeks after full bloom. Results showed humic acid, zinc sulfate and their interaction effects significantly affected on fruit yield, concentration of nitrogen, iron and zinc and also leaf chlorophyll content. The highest fruit yield (8.31 kg per shrub) and the lowest fruit yield (6.12 kg per shrub) obtained in humic acid 0.2 percent and control treatments, respectively. The highest leaf zinc element (49.1 mg per kg dry leaf) obtained in 0.2 present zinc sulfate. Also the results showed positive correlation between zinc concentration and some index such as fruit yield (r = 0.46), cluster weight (r = 0.45), total leaf chlorophyll (r = 0.53) and fruit TSS (r = 0.49). Based on these results, it seems to enhance the yield and improve the quality of grapes, spraying humic acid and zinc sulphate at a concentration of 0.2 percent each to be useful.
Mohammad Kamalpouradib; Vahid Rouhi; Saadollah Houshmand; Abdolrahman Mohammadkhani; Hamid Zargari
Abstract
Pollen storage could facilitate the date palm hand pollination through saving time and space. The main concern is maintaining pollen viability, which is greatly cultivar dependent and is influenced by storage condition. In this study, to address this issue, the effects of cultivar, storage ...
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Pollen storage could facilitate the date palm hand pollination through saving time and space. The main concern is maintaining pollen viability, which is greatly cultivar dependent and is influenced by storage condition. In this study, to address this issue, the effects of cultivar, storage temperature, and time on pollen germination were investigated. A factorial experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with three replicates using four cultivars ‘Kazeroon (7013)’, ‘Lar (7035)’, ‘Darab (7016)’ and ‘Qyr-va Karzin (7021)’, four storage temperatures (RT (20 ± 5), 4, -20 and -80°C) and six storage periods (60, 120, 150, 180, 210 and 375 days). Anova of data showed significant effects of variety, storage temperature, storage time and their interactions on pollen germination. The pollen germination rate increased with decreasing temperature. When pollens were stored for up to 150 days, the germination rates of all varieties initially increased then decreased. Overall, the optimum temperature for preserving pollen grains of tested cultivars is -80°C and the highest pollen grain longevity is related to ‘Qyr-va Karzin (7021)’ after one year.
Farnaz Ahmadi; Abdolrahman Mohammadkhani
Abstract
Optimal nutrition of grapevine is one of the most important factors that affect the quantity, quality and time of fruit ripening. To increase the quantity and quality of ‘Askari’ cultivar, a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at ...
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Optimal nutrition of grapevine is one of the most important factors that affect the quantity, quality and time of fruit ripening. To increase the quantity and quality of ‘Askari’ cultivar, a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at Shahrekord in 2010. Treatments consisted of four levels of potassium sulfate fertilizer (zero, 300, 600 and 900 g per vine) and four levels of boric acid fertilizer (zero, 1000, 2000, and 3000 ppm). The results showed that potassium had a significant effect on yield and yield components. Different levels of potassium sulfate and boric acid increased cluster (number, weight, length, width) and fruit soluble solids. With increasing potassium levels, the number of clusters (14, 18 and 25) and content of total soluble solid (0.54, 1.45 and 1.53 percent) were significantly increased in comparison with control, respectively. Also, total soluble solids of berries were increased significantly (0.76, 0.75 and 1.25 percent) with boron treatment compared to control. The highest TSS (18.8) obtained in 900 mg of potassium sulfate per square meter, while it caused the greatest reduction in fruit acidity compared with the control. Fruits pH was decreased by 0.3 units with application of 3000 ppm of boric acid. The results of this experiment showed that nutrient treatments, especially potassium sulfate accelerated fruit ripening and increased fruit yield and sugar content.