Hasan Neisi; Mohammad Rafieiolhossaini; Mahmoud Reza Tadayon; Sayed Reza Ahmadpour; Akbar Karimi
Abstract
Nitrogen is the most important nutritional element required by the rice plant, and a large part of it is lost in paddy fields through leaching, which can lead to environmental problems and reduce the efficiency of urea fertilizer use in rice cultivation. Therefore, the present experiment was conducted ...
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Nitrogen is the most important nutritional element required by the rice plant, and a large part of it is lost in paddy fields through leaching, which can lead to environmental problems and reduce the efficiency of urea fertilizer use in rice cultivation. Therefore, the present experiment was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of using different organic and chemical nitrogen fertilizers in order to reduce or solve this problem in 2021, in a split plot experiment based on a randomized complete blocks design with three replications was implemented.The main factor including humic acid, fulvic acid and application of nitrogen fertilizer (granular urea, sulfur coated urea, ammonium sulfate, urea and ammonium nitrate, combination of sulfur coated urea and granular urea, and control) were considered as secondary factors. Comparison of the average of simple effects showed that the highest yield of paddy was obtained with the application of humic acid, which increased by 19% compared to the control. The highest plant height and biological yield were obtained by applying sulfur coated urea or sulfur coated urea with granulated urea. The highest dry weight of the cluster per plant, a single plant dry weight and the number of fertile tillers in plant belonged to the application of sulfur coated urea or the co-application of sulfur coated urea with granular urea with humic acid application. Therefore the fertigation of humic acid can be useful in improving the growth of rice in rice-cultivated soils in Khuzestan.
Fatemeh Mirzaei; Mohammad Rafieiolhossaini; Nafiseh Rangzan; Mahdi Amirusefi
Abstract
Objective: Quinoa, with its high nutritional value, is highly resistant to a wide range of non-biological stresses. Despite the limited resources and the increasing demand for food products in lands with low or limited fertility, it can be cultivated well and produces a good product.
Methods: This experiment ...
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Objective: Quinoa, with its high nutritional value, is highly resistant to a wide range of non-biological stresses. Despite the limited resources and the increasing demand for food products in lands with low or limited fertility, it can be cultivated well and produces a good product.
Methods: This experiment was conducted with the aim of investigating the simultaneous effect of drought stress and heavy metals on the quinoa plant, in a factorial format in a completely randomized design with 3 replications. The first component involved two levels of soil (contaminated and uncontaminated), and the second factor, three levels of drought stress (100% of field capacity 60% of field capacity, and 30% of field capacity).
Results: Interaction effect of soil type and drought stress was significant on all traits except the fresh weight of shoot and plant height. The lowest amount of fresh and dry weight of roots, dry weight of shoot and weight of thousand seeds was observed in contaminated soil with severe drought stress. Nevertheless, the weight of 1000 quinoa seeds under the influence of moderate drought stress was not significantly different from the condition without drought stress. Examining the simple effects showed that soil contamination with heavy metals caused a decrease of 13.7% in fresh weight of shoot and 30.5% decrease in dry weight of shoot compared to plants grown in uncontaminated soil.
Conclusion: In general, it can be stated that the increase in drought stress has significantly reduced root fresh weight and 1000 seed weight in quinoa, but the percentage and ratio of this reduction in soil contaminated with heavy metals was much higher than that of non-contaminated soil. According to the results of this research, the cultivation of quinoa can be investigated as a promising plant in soils with similar limitations.
Mohammad Saeidi Abuesghaghi; Mohammad Rafieiolhossaini
Abstract
seed polishing treatment on germination and seedling growth of different sugar beet cultivars, a experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications in the laboratory and greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University in 2020-2021. The first factor consisted ...
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seed polishing treatment on germination and seedling growth of different sugar beet cultivars, a experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications in the laboratory and greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University in 2020-2021. The first factor consisted of five monogerm cultivars of sugar beet (Shokofa, Arta, Aria, Sina and Octaban) and the second factor consisted of three levels of seed polishing (control, abrasion of 10% of seed husk weight and , abrasion of 30% of seed husk weight). The results of analysis of variance showed that the effect of cultivar and the interaction of cultivar and abrasion on all traits were significant. Comparison of mean interactions showed that Aria cultivar and 30% abrasion treatment had the highest germination percentage (83.5 percentage), germination rate (7.6 seed/day), and mean daily germination (5.96 seed/day) Meanwhile, the highest coefficient of seed length vigor index (10.18) were related to Ekbatan cultivar and 30% abrasion treatment. The highest fresh weight of plumule (0.25 g) and radicle (0.053 g) belonged to Shokofa cultivar without abrasion, the highest amount of chlorophyll b (2.77 mg/g fresh weight) and related to Arta cultivar and 30% abrasion, the highest amount of chlorophyll a (4.19 mg/g fresh weight ) was observed in Shokofa cultivar with 30% abrasion In general, it can be concluded from this study that polishing of 30% weight improves the germination and growth characteristics of sugar beet seeds and among the cultivars tested, Aria is more affected by abrasion than other cultivars
Mehrnoosh Garshasbi; Mohammad Rafieiolhossaini; Sina Fallah; Ali Ashraf Jafari; Shamsali Rezazadeh
Abstract
Some medicinal plants have an important role in production of fodder with high quality. While reducing the production costs, they protect the environment, water, and soil resources. On the other hand, mixed cultivation and application of organic and biological fertilizers or proper combination of these ...
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Some medicinal plants have an important role in production of fodder with high quality. While reducing the production costs, they protect the environment, water, and soil resources. On the other hand, mixed cultivation and application of organic and biological fertilizers or proper combination of these two with chemical fertilizers can be considered a solution to increase crop yield in sustainable agriculture. For this purpose, in order to investigate the effects of different treatments of fertilizer and ratios of mixed cultivation of Chicory and annual Medic, a factorial experiment has been conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the experimental field located in Behbahan city in 2019-2020 growing season. The first factor has been different fertilizer sources (Chemical, Organic, and Integrated) in three levels: chemical fertilizer, vermicompost fertilizer and combined fertilizer (nitroxin biofertilizer + fertile phosphate 2 + 50% chemical fertilizer) and the second factor has been five intercropping patterns including: sole chicory (SC), sole annual medic (SM), one row of chicory: one row of annual medic (C1M1), one row of chicory: two rows of annual medic (C1M2) and two rows of chicory: one row of annual medic (C2M1). The studied traits are forage yield of chicory and annual medic and quality characteristics of forage including percentage and yield of crude protein, percentage of ash, crude fiber, dry matter digestibility, calcium, and phosphorus content of forage. The results show that the highest dry forage yields of chicory and medic (4.04 and 4.63 t/ ha, respectively) are obtained in monoculture and chemical fertilizer treatment. Mixed cultivation ratios and application of combined fertilizers and vermicompost improve crude protein and ash of medic and crude fiber of chicory forage without reducing any other quality traits. Evaluation of land equivalent ratio show the superiority of all mixed ratios over monoculture of these plants. Finally, mixed cultivation treatments C1M1 and C2M1 with a land equivalent ratio of 1.3 and a total yield of 5.44 and 4.95 tons per hectare and the application of combined fertilizer are recognized as superior treatments.
Tahere Shahmirzaee jeshvaghani; Mohammad Rafieiolhossaini; Abdolrazagh Danesh Shahraki; Ali Tadayyon
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of humic acid foliar application on drought stress effects of Niger (Guizotia abyssinica (L.F) Cass), a split plot experiment was done in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of the faculty of agriculture/Shahrekord University ...
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In order to investigate the effect of humic acid foliar application on drought stress effects of Niger (Guizotia abyssinica (L.F) Cass), a split plot experiment was done in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of the faculty of agriculture/Shahrekord University in 2016. The main factor consisted of four drought stress levels (60 (control), 100, 140 and 180 mm evaporation from evaporation pan) and the sub factor was including four humic acid levels (0, 2, 4 and 6 liters per hectare). The results showed that the effect of drought stress and humic acid was significant on plant height, number of lateral branches, number of head per unit area, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, chlorophyll, carotenoids and proline (at 1% level of probability). Drought stress caused decreasing and humic acid caused increasing in all traits except of proline. The interaction effect of drought stress and humic acid on number of head per unit area, grain yield, harvest index, proline (at 1% level of probability) and on plant height (at 5% level of probability) was significant.The maximum plant height, number of heads per unit area, grain yield and harvest index were obtained at control with six liters humic acid application per hectare, and the maximum amount of proline was observed at the treatment of 180 mm evaporation with no humic acid application. It is recommended to use 100 mm evaporation regime with 4 liters humic acid application per hectare for more economic profit.
S. Hasan Hosseini; Mohammad Rafiee; Rahim Barzegar
Abstract
Peat is the most important source of casing soil for growing mushroom. Peat often imported or derived from wetlands which have unfavorable environmental impacts. In order to evaluate the effects of the replacing vermicompost and perlite as casing soil instead of peat on growth and yield of the mushrooms ...
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Peat is the most important source of casing soil for growing mushroom. Peat often imported or derived from wetlands which have unfavorable environmental impacts. In order to evaluate the effects of the replacing vermicompost and perlite as casing soil instead of peat on growth and yield of the mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus), a factorial experiment was conducted on the randomized complete block design with three replications at Kosar mushroom farm in winter, 2015. Ten treatments in different ratios (volume percentage) of perlite: vermicompost: peat including T1 (0: 0: 100) T2: (0: 25: 75) T3: (12.5: 12.5: 75) T4: (16.7: 33.3: 50) T5 (25: 25: 50) T6: (18.5: 56.5: 25) T7 (25: 50: 25) T8: (37.5: 37.5: 25) T9: (33.3: 0: 66.7) T10 (50: 50: 0) were used. The maximum yield was obtained with T3 treatment with the average of 14.72 kg /m2 and the minimum yield was observed in T10 treatment with 9.43 kg/m2. The maximum and minimum numbers of harvested mushrooms were observed in treatment of T3 with 547 numbers and the treatment of T10 with the number of 244.67, respectively. For cap diameter, the treatment of T10 with an average of 5.9 cm had the maximum and the treatment of T9 with an average of 4.8 cm had the minimum cap diameter. For the average weight of individual mushroom, treatments of T10 and T3 with the average of 38 and 26 gr had the maximum and minimum weight of each mushroom, respectively. The results showed that T3 soil casing combination (12.5: 12.5: 75) can be replaced for peat.
Zahra Rezaei; Mohammad Rafieolhosseini; Abdolrahman Mohammadkhani
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of manure and super absorbent polymer on some morphological characteristics and fennel (Foeniculum vulgar Mill) essential oil production under drought stress conditions, an experiment was conducted as spilt-plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications ...
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In order to evaluate the effect of manure and super absorbent polymer on some morphological characteristics and fennel (Foeniculum vulgar Mill) essential oil production under drought stress conditions, an experiment was conducted as spilt-plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications at University of Shahrekord in 2015. The main factor was different levels of drought stress including three levels of control (50 mm), moderate stress (100 mm) and severe stress (150 mm) evaporation from class. A pan and sub-factor was considered different ratios of animal manure and super absorbent polymer in six levels (D1: lack of manure and super absorbent polymer, D2: 25% manure + 75% super absorbent polymer, D3: 50% manure + 50% super absorbent polymer, D4: 75% manure + 25% super absorbent polymer, D5: 100% manure (40 t.ha-1) and D6: 100% super absorbent polymer (200 Kg.ha1)). The results showed that the maximum number of umbel, grain yield (146.66 g/m2), harvest index and essential oil yield (2.99 g/m2) from control treatment and D6, the maximum number of lateral branch, floret and plant dry weight (165.62 g/m2) from control treatment and D4 and the maximum thousand seed weight and plant fresh weight, from control treatment and D3 and D2 were obtained, respectively. The maximum essential oil percentage (3.09) was obtained from severe stress and D5 treatment. The maximum plant height and number of main branch was obtained from D6 and D4 treatments, respectively and under control conditions. Since the superabsorbent polymer while reducing the effects of drought, increased grain yield, harvest index and oil yield of fennel, thus, control treatment with 100% super absorbent polymer consumption can be offered to maximize grain and essential oil yield under the same conditions.
Afsaneh Badalzadeh; Mohammad Rafieiolhossaini; Abdolrazzagh Danesh Shahraki; Mehdi Ghobadinia
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of water deficit and different fertilizer levels on yield and some agro-morphological characteristics of Moldavian balm, a split plot experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of Shahrekord University during ...
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In order to evaluate the effect of water deficit and different fertilizer levels on yield and some agro-morphological characteristics of Moldavian balm, a split plot experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of Shahrekord University during 2013-2014 growing season. Main factor was three levels of irrigation regimes including: 100 (control), 75 and 50 percent of water requirement while 6 levels of manure application including: 1) no amended fertilizer (control), 2) 25 percent urea + 75 percent cattle manure, 3) 50 percent urea + 50 percent cattle manure, 4) 75 percent urea + 25 percent cattle manure, 5) 100 percent urea and 6) 100 percent cattle manure, were used as subplot. The maximum plant height and number of flowering branch was observed for 100 percent urea and the maximum flowering branch dry yield was related to 50 percent urea + 50 percent cattle manure. The maximum plant height and number of flowering branch was achieved from 100 percent plant water requirement. The maximum leaf, shoot dry weight and dry matter yield was related to 50 percent urea + 50 percent cattle manure with 100 percent plant water requirement. In total, in order to obtain the maximum dry matter yield, application of 50 percent urea with 50 percent of cattle manure and full irrigation is recommended.
Pejman Nikneshan; Ali Tadayyon; Mohammad Rafiolhosseini; Babak Bahraininejad
Abstract
In respect to drought crisis in the center of Iran, it needs valuable crops which adapt to such environments, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of drought stress on different castor ecotypes at two places (Isfahan and Shahrekord) in 2013. Experiment was carried out in split ...
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In respect to drought crisis in the center of Iran, it needs valuable crops which adapt to such environments, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of drought stress on different castor ecotypes at two places (Isfahan and Shahrekord) in 2013. Experiment was carried out in split plot arrangement in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications that four drought stress levels (non-stress equals 30, 45, 60 and 75 percent moisture depletion soil) as a main plot and six castor ecotypes (’Isfahan ‘, ’Ardesrtan ‘, ’Arak ‘, ’Naeen ‘, ’Yazd ‘ and ’Ahvaz‘) as a subplot in two mentioned places. The results from both experiments were analyzed by combined analysis. The measured traits were including plant height, leaf number per plant, LAI, capsule number per plant, seed number per plant, 100 seeds weight, grain yield, harvest index, oil percent and oil yield. The results showed that the highest seed yield and oil yield were related to ’Isfahan‘ ecotype in Isfahan region under control with 1388 and 673 kg/ha, respectively.
Simin Faraji; Mohamad Rafieiolhossaini; Ali Abasi Soorki
Abstract
In order to study the effect of solitary and combined application of two types of green manure, cow manure, Barvar-2 phosphate fertilizer and conventional chemical fertilizer on some of the qualitative and quantitativeproperties of sugar beet, an experiment was conducted at the research farm of Shahrekord ...
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In order to study the effect of solitary and combined application of two types of green manure, cow manure, Barvar-2 phosphate fertilizer and conventional chemical fertilizer on some of the qualitative and quantitativeproperties of sugar beet, an experiment was conducted at the research farm of Shahrekord University in 2013. The experimental design was randomized in a complete block design with three replications and 12 treatments including: 1- control, 2-Pisum + Triple Super Phosphate (TSPh), 3-Lathyrus + TSPh, 4-Barvar-2 phosphate + Urea, 5-Cow manure (Cm) + TSPh, 6-Conventional manure, 7-Pisum + Barvar-2 phosphate, 8- Lathyrus + Barvar- phosphate 2, 9-Pisum + Cm + TSPh, 10-Lathyrus + Cm + TSPh, 11-Pisum + Cm + Barvar-2 phosphate and 12-Lathyrus + Cm + Barvar-2 phosphate. The results showed that fertilizer treatments had a significant effect on root yield, sugar yield, white sugar yield and harmful nitrogen whereas combined treatments of 8, 10, 11 and 2 had the highest means for root yield, sugar yield and white sugar yield. Application of green manure, farm yard manure and their combinations along with Barvar phosphate biological fertilizer increased root yield of sugar beet between 10-18 and 32-68 percent compared with conventional chemical fertilizer and control, respectively. The lowest amount of harmful nitrogen was related to the treatments of 10 and 11. From the viewpoint of the other studied traits, combined treatments of organic and bio-fertilizers were quite acceptable.
Mohammad Rafieiolhossaini; Mahmoud Reza Tadayon; Marziye Mazhari
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of different mechanical treatments (application of sulphuric acid, boiling water and flooding) on seed dormancy breaking of Licorice, an experiment was carried out in randomized complete block design in 2012. Moreover, a factorial scheme in RCBD was performed to assess ...
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In order to evaluate the effect of different mechanical treatments (application of sulphuric acid, boiling water and flooding) on seed dormancy breaking of Licorice, an experiment was carried out in randomized complete block design in 2012. Moreover, a factorial scheme in RCBD was performed to assess the application of giberalic acid and potassium nitrate treatment as well as stratification and rotational temperature/light treatment. Treatments included different levels of giberalic acid (0, 100, 250 and 500 mg) at two time levels of 2 and 24 hour (along with scarification pre-treatment), concentrations of potassium nitrate (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM) in 10 and 30 minutes (along with scarification pre-treatment), stratification temperatures treatment of -5, 0 and 5 °C for one, two and three weeks of treatment, treatment of rotational temperature (5-15 and 10-20 °C), in full light, dark and rotational light periods (8 h light and 16 h dark) and mechanical treatments of dormancy breaking. Treatment duration of two minutes in boiling water and two days water-logging treatment were the most effective treatments on germination percentage of Licorice (81.33% and 53.33% increase in germination percentage compared to control, respectively). Application of giberalic acid and potassium nitrate treatments and stratification had no effect on Licorice dormancy. According to the Licorice seed dormancy breaking in mechanical treatments and the effect of rotational temperature and light, it can be concluded that the dormancy of Licorice seeds is intermittent.
Ali Tadayyon; Mohammad Rafieiolhossaini
Abstract
In order to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative forage characteristics of different sainfoin ecotypes, a field experiment was conducted in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications at the Research Station of Agricultural College of Shahrekord University. In this experiment, ...
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In order to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative forage characteristics of different sainfoin ecotypes, a field experiment was conducted in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications at the Research Station of Agricultural College of Shahrekord University. In this experiment, the amount of wet and dry weight of above-ground plants, plant height, and the protein and fiber contents were measured at three stages of pre-flowering, initiation of flowering and full flowering. The number of sainfoin forage cuts and variation of protein and fiber content at different forage cuts were analyzed by a split-plot on time. The results in this experiment showed that, the amount of wet, dry weight, plant height, and the protein and fiber contents were significantly affected at different ecotypes of sainfoin in all harvest stages and number of forage cutting was not significantly affected in all sainfoin ecotypes. Based on the data analysis according to split plot design in time, the factors of ecotypes and number of cutting were affected significantly. The 2nd and 4th cutting were produced maximum protein content and the 5th cutting produced maximum fiber content. The interaction between ecotype and number of cutting was not significant. Regarding to quantitative (yield) and qualitative (protein content) characteristics of forage, cultivation of Aligodarz ecotype of sainfoin showed superiority over other ecotypes.