بلالی، محمدرضا؛ مشیری، فرهاد و موسوی، سیدمجید (1402). مدیریت تلفیقی حاصلخیزی خاک و تغذیه گیاه در ایران. مؤسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، کرج، ایران.
خیریاستیار، حسین؛ میرشکاری، بهرام؛ فرحوش، فرهاد؛ خلیلوند بهروزیار، ابراهیم و تارینژاد، علیرضا (1397). اثر کاربرد تیوباسیلوس و گوگرد بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد لوبیا معمولی (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) تحت شرایط کمبود آب. تنشهای محیطی در علوم زراعی، 11، 892-883.
رستمی، فرزاد و اقبالقبادی، محمد (1400). اثر سطوح نیتروژن و گوگرد بنتونیتی بر رشد ریشه، صفات فیزیولوژیک و عملکرد گندم (Triticum aestivum L.). مجله فیزیولوژی گیاهی، 13، 22-5.
صابرعلی، سید فرهاد؛ یوسفیفرد، مرجان و سادات اسیلان، کمال (1399). اثر سطوح مختلف رژیمهای آبیاری و کود نیتروژن بر عملکرد و بهرهوری مصرف آب در لوبیا قرمز (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). مجله تحقیقات حبوبات ایران، 11، 149-137.
نامداری، امین؛ باغبانیآرانی، ابوالفضل و اداوی، ظهراب (1403). برهمکنش کاربرد توأم گوگرد و نیتروژن بر ویژگیهای رشد و عملکرد دانه کلزا تحت شرایط دیم. مجله تولید و فرآوری محصولات زراعی، 14، 74-59.
نوروزی، سعید؛ اکبری، غلامعلی؛ الهدادی، ایرج؛ سلطانی، الیاس و نوروزیان، محمدعلی (1400). اثر کود نیتروژن و سویههای مختلف باکتری همزیست بر صفات کمی و کیفی گوار (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) تحت رژیمهای مختلف آبیاری. علوم کشاورزی و تولید پایدار، 31، 359-339.
References
Adams, C.B., Boote, K.J., Shrestha, R., MacMillan, J., Hinson, P.O., & Trostle, C. (2020). Growth stages and developmental patterns of guar. Agronomy Journal, 113, 114-128.
Ahmed, M., Ahmad, S., Abbas, G., Hussain, S., & Hoogenboom, G. (2024). Guar–wheat system. In Cropping Systems Modeling under Changing Climate (pp. 411-430). Springer, Singapore.
Ali, M.A., Ghazy, A.I., Alotaibi, K.D., Ibrahim, O.M., & Al-Doss, A.A. (2022). Nitrogen efficiency indexes association with nitrogen recovery, utilization, and use efficiency in spring barley at various nitrogen application rates. Agronomy Journal, 114, 2290-2309
Almeida, L.F.A., Correndo, A., Ross, J., Licht, M., Casteel, S., Singh, M., & Ciampitti, I.A. (2023). Soybean yield response to nitrogen and sulfur fertilization in the United States: Contribution of soil N and N fixation processes. European Journal of Agronomy, 145, 126791.
Anas, M., Liao, F., Verma, K.K., Sarwar, M.A., Mahmood, A., Chen, Z.-L., & Li, Y. R. (2020). Fate of nitrogen in agriculture and environment: Agronomic, eco-physiological, and molecular approaches to improve nitrogen use efficiency. Biological Research, 53, 47-54.
Archontoulis, S.V., & Miguez, F.E. (2015). Nonlinear regression models and applications in agricultural research. Agronomy Journal, 107, 786-798.
Aynehband, A., Asadi, S., & Rahnama, A. (2014). Nitrogen use efficiency assessment under intra- and inter-specific competitions stress. Journal of Plant Physiology and Breeding, 4(2), 9-21.
Balali, M. R., Moshiri, F., & Mousavi, S. M. (2024). Integrated management of soil fertility and plant nutrition in Iran. Soil and Water Research Institute, Karaj, Iran. (In Persian).
Becana, M., Wienkoop, S., & Matamoros, M. A. (2018). Sulfur transport and metabolism in legume root nodules. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9, 1434.
Bhatt, R., Kunal, Moulick, D., Bárek, V., Brestic, M., Gaber, A., Skalický, M., & Hossain, A. (2025). Sustainable strategies to limit nitrogen loss in agriculture through improving its use efficiency aiming to reduce environmental pollution. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 22, 101957.
Córdova, S.C., Archontoulis, S.V., & Licht, M.A. (2020). Soybean profitability and yield component response to nitrogen fertilizer in Iowa. Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment, 3, e20092.
Courbet, G., Gallardo, K., Vigani, G., Brunel-Muguet, S., Trouverie, J., Salon, C., & Ourry, A. (2019). Disentangling the complexity and diversity of crosstalk between sulfur and other mineral nutrients in cultivated plants. Journal of Experimental Botany, 70(16), 4183-4196.
Divito, G.A., & Sadras, V.O. (2014). How do phosphorus, potassium and sulphur affect plant growth and biological nitrogen fixation in crop and pasture legumes? A meta-analysis. Field Crops Research, 156, 161-171.
Epie, K. E., Bauer, P. J., Stone, K. C., & Locke, A. M. (2023). Nitrogen fertilizer effects on soybean physiology, yield components, seed yield and protein content in the Southeastern United States. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 46(3), 462-472.
Fleuridor, L., Fulford, A., Lindsey, L.E., Lentz, E., Watters, H., Dorrance, A., Minyo, R., Richer, E., Chaganti, V., Subburayalu, S., & Culman, S.W. (2023). Ohio grain crop response to sulfur fertilization. Agronomy Journal, 115.
Flexas, J., Ribas-Carbó, M., Diaz-Espejo, A., Galmés, J., & Medrano, H. (2008). Mesophyll conductance to CO2: current knowledge and future prospects. Plant Cell Environment, 31(5), 602-21.
Frankow-Lindberg, B.E., & Dahlin, A.S. (2014). N₂ fixation, N transfer, and yield in grassland communities including a deep-rooted legume or non-legume species. Plant and Soil, 370, 567-581.
Gourav, Sankhyan, N.K., Kumar, P., Sharma, G.D., & Sharma, N. (2021). Critical limits of sulfur in relation to the growth and development of French bean and cauliflower in acidic soils of Northwestern Himalayas. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 52, 2280-2288.
Kheiri-Astiar, H., Mirshakari, B., Farahvash, F., Khalilvand Behrooziyar, A., & Tarinejad, A. (2018). The effect of Thiobacillus and sulfur application on yield and yield components of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under water deficit conditions. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences, 11, 883-892. (In Persian).
kumar, S., Seepaul, R., Small, I. M., George, S., O’Brien, G. K., Marois, J. J., & Wright, D. L. (2021). Interactive effects of nitrogen and sulfur nutrition on growth, development, and physiology of Brassica carinata A. Braun and Brassica napus L. Sustainability, 13(13), 7355.
Lee, J., Heo, J., Lee, E.S., Kang, H., Warsadiharja, S.M., Kim, K., Chae, Y., Pervitasari, A.N., Priatama, R.A., Lee, Y.K., Kim, I.H., & Park, S.J. (2025). Molecular and phenotypic insights into sulfur’s role in enhancing tomato plant growth, stress tolerance, and productivity. Scientific Reports, 15, 32773.
Lemaire, G., Gastal, F., & Ciampitti, I. A. (2019). Allometric approach to crop nitrogen nutrition and implications for crop diagnosis and phenotyping. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 39, 27.
Li., H., Zhang, Y., Wang, X., et al. (2021). Sulfur application enhances photosynthetic performance, chlorophyll content and stomatal conductance in crop plants under field conditions. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 166, 1-10.
Mahla, H.R., Sharma, R., Kumar, S., & Gaikwad, K. (2020). Independent segregation of qualitative traits and estimation of genetic parameters and gene action for some quantitative traits in guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. Taub). Indian Journal of Genetics, 80, 186-193.
Marschner, P. (2012). Marschner's Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants (3th ed.). Academic Press, London. pp.73-158.
Namdari, A., Baghbani-Arani, A., & Advi, Z. (2024). Interaction of Combined Application of the Sulfur and Nitrogen on the Growth Characteristics and Yield of Rapeseed Under Rainfed Conditions. Journal of Crop Production and Processing, 14(4), 59-74. (In Persian).
Narayan, O.P., Kumar, P., Yadav, B., Dua, M., & Johri, A.K. (2022). Sulfur nutrition and its role in plant growth and development. Plant Signaling & Behavior, 18, 2030082
Norouzi, S., Akbari, G. A., Elahdadi, A., Soltani, A., & Norouzian, M. (2021). The Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Different Strains of Symbiosis Bacterium on Quantitative and Qualitative Traits of Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) under Various Water Regimes. Agricultural Sciences and Sustainable Production, 31, 339-359. (In Persian).
Qiang, B., Chen, S., Fan, Z., Cao, L., Li, X., Fu, C., & Jin, X. (2025). Effects of nitrogen application levels on soybean photosynthetic performance and yield: Insights from canopy nitrogen allocation studies. Field Crops Research, 326, 109871.
Rahman, A., Manci, M., Nadon, C., Perez, I. A., Farsamin, W. F., Lampe, M. T., Le, T. H., Torres Martínez, L., Weisberg, A. J., Chang, J. H., & Sachs, J. L. (2023). Competitive interference among rhizobia reduces benefits to hosts. Current Biology, 33(14), 2988-3001.e4
Rostami, F., & Eghbal-Ghobadi, M. (2021). Investigation the effect of bentonite sulfur and nitrogen levels on root growth and physiological characteristics and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Iranian Journal of Plant Physiology, 13, 5-22. (In Persian).
Sfredo, G.J., & Moreira, A. (2015). Efficiency of sulfur application on soybean in two types of Oxisols in southern Brazil. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 46(14), 1802-1813.
Shah Hossein, S., Parrey, Z. A., Islam, S., Tyagi, A., Ahmad, A., & Mohammad, F. (2022). Exogenously applied sulphur improves growth, photosynthetic efficiency, enzymatic activities, mineral nutrient contents, yield and quality of Brassica juncea L. Sustainability, 14(21), 14441.
Swify, S., Avizienyte, D., Mazeika, R., & Braziene, Z. (2022). Comparative study effect of urea-sulfur fertilizers on nitrogen uptake and maize productivity. Plants, 11(22), 3020.
Taiz, L., Zeiger, E., Møller, I. M., & Murphy, A. (2015). Plant physiology and development (6th ed.). Sinauer Associates.
Temminghoff, E.E.J., & Houba, V.J.G. (2004). Plant analysis procedures (2nd ed.). Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp.113-115.