Mohammad Hadi Mirzapour; Ahmad Golchin; Amir Hosein Khoshgoftarmanesh; Mohammad Medi Tehrani
Abstract
The role of amino acids on root uptake and root-to-shoot translocation of micronutrients is of great importance to improve plant nutrition management. In this nutrient solution culture experiment, the effect of application of 100μM tryptophan, arginine and histidine on the uptake and root-to-shoot ...
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The role of amino acids on root uptake and root-to-shoot translocation of micronutrients is of great importance to improve plant nutrition management. In this nutrient solution culture experiment, the effect of application of 100μM tryptophan, arginine and histidine on the uptake and root-to-shoot translocation of zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) in rapeseed with three Zn levels (0, 5 and 10μM as zinc sulfate) was investigated. The results showed at the 5μMZn, application of arginine and tryptophan significantly reduced the shoot dry weight compared to the amino acid-free, while at the 5μMZn, the use of histidine resulted in a significant increase in the plant shoot dry weight. The highest plant shoot Zn uptake was found at the 10μMZn plus histidine. Application of 10μMZn in the presence of arginine led to a significant increase of root Zn uptake as compared to the amino acid-free while no such effect was found in the presence of other amino acids. In the presence of amino acids, except arginine, increasing Zn concentration in the nutrient solution to 10μM resulted in lower shoot and root Fe uptake in comparison with amino acid-free. In contrast, at 10μMZn treatment, application of arginine enhanced plant shoot and root Fe uptake. The highest concentration of total amino acids in the plant shoots and roots was related to the free-Zn and free-amino acid treatment. Regardless of the type of amino acid used, the increase in Zn level up to 10μM increased the leaf activity of the catalase and ascorbate peroxidase.
Hamideh Azad; Baratali Fakheri; nafiseh mahdinezhad; Qhasem Parmoon
Abstract
In order to study the effect of foliar application of nano iron chelated on antioxidant enzymes activity and yield of chamomile genotypes under drought stress condition, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the research greenhouse of ...
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In order to study the effect of foliar application of nano iron chelated on antioxidant enzymes activity and yield of chamomile genotypes under drought stress condition, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the research greenhouse of the University of Zabol in 2014. Experimental treatments included drought stress (at 2 levels of control or 90% of field capacity and 70% of field capacity) and nano iron chelate (at 2 levels of control and 2 mg/l) and genotypes, including (Isfahan, Mashhad, Shiraz, Kerman, Arak and Safashahr). The results showed that the drought stress according to the genotype had different effects on antioxidant enzyme activities so that the enzymes activities increased in some of the genotypes and decreased in some of them. Water stress caused to increasing in catalase activity in genotypes of Arak, Kerman and Safashahr, peroxidase and increasing in ascrobats peroxidase activity in genotypes of Isfahan, Mashhad, Arak and Kerman, and increasing in polyphenol oxidase and guaiacol peroxidase in genotypes of Shiraz and Safashahr.The highest the economic yield were observed in Esfahan genotype. Generally, it could be said that stress causes damaging effects on the plant and using of nano-chelate can increase the plant̕ s tolerance to stress and application of Isfahan and Mashhad genotypes are suitable for stress conditions.
Ebrahim Brouki milan; Leyla Hassni; Babak Abdollahi Mandoulakani; Reza Darvishzadeh; Fatemeh Kheradmand; Abbas Hassani
Abstract
A completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications was conducted at greenhouse of Urmia University in 2013 to study the effect of different methyl jasmonate concentrations (0, 0.1 and 0.5 mM) on the activity of enzymes polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, ...
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A completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications was conducted at greenhouse of Urmia University in 2013 to study the effect of different methyl jasmonate concentrations (0, 0.1 and 0.5 mM) on the activity of enzymes polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase and total protein content in basil. Activity of the enzymes and total protein content was measured at flowering stage 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours after foliar application of methyl jasmonate. Analysis of data was carried out in a split plot in time design which methyl jasmonate concentrations and sampling times were considered as main and sub-plots, respectively. The results of the investigation showed the maximum activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase and guaiacol peroxidase at concentrations of 0.5 and 0.1 mM, respectively, 48 and 72 hours after spraying. The effect of methyl jasmonate on the activity of polyphenol oxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and total protein content was significant (P≤0.01). The most activity of the catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and total protein obtained in a concentration of 0.5 mM methyl jasmonate. Significant differences were observed among sampling times after methyl jasmonate spraying for catalase activity which increased 48 and 72 hours after spraying (P≤0.05). Therefore, methyl jasmonate spraying with a concentration of 0.5 mM could increase the activity of the antioxidant enzymes and total protein in basil.
Razieh Rostami; Ahmad Ershadi; Hasan Sarikhani
Abstract
In order to evaluate tolerance of four Prunus rootstocks to Fe-deficiency-induced Chlorosis, an experiment was carried out in Bu-Ali Sina University in 2012 using a RCBD design with four replications. Four rootstocks were used, including GF677, GN15, bitter almond and peach and nutritional treatments ...
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In order to evaluate tolerance of four Prunus rootstocks to Fe-deficiency-induced Chlorosis, an experiment was carried out in Bu-Ali Sina University in 2012 using a RCBD design with four replications. Four rootstocks were used, including GF677, GN15, bitter almond and peach and nutritional treatments were: Hoagland solution without Fe (pH = 6), Hoagland solution containing 90µM Fe as control (pH = 6), and Hoagland solution containing 90 µM Fe + 10 mM KHCO3 (pH = 8). At the end of experiment, total and active content of iron in leaves and roots, chlorophyll content, hydrogen peroxide levels as well as catalase and ascorbate peroxidase enzyme activity were measured. Based on the results, peach was the most sensitive rootstock to iron deficiency and bicarbonate treatments, while almond was the most tolerant rootstock. Comparing two peach × almond hybrid rootstocks showed that GF677 had better performance under iron deficiency and in the presence of bicarbonate rather than GN15. Bicarbonated nutrient solution inhibited the Fe absorption and transport by peach roots, whiles other rootstocks uptake high amount of iron and transferred it to shoots. In this condition, on both peach-almond hybrids, GF677 and GN15, large amounts of iron in leaves were in inactive form but on bitter almond rootstock in addition to high iron uptake and transport, large amounts of this element was active and utilizable by leaves.
Hamid Rahnemoun; Farid Shekari; Jalil Dejampour; Mohammad Bagher Khorshidi
Abstract
To evaluate morphological and biochemical changes of almond (Prunus dulcis Mill.) under salt stress conditions and determine relationship among accumulation of Na and Cl with these traits, an experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design with four treatments including 0 (control), 25, ...
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To evaluate morphological and biochemical changes of almond (Prunus dulcis Mill.) under salt stress conditions and determine relationship among accumulation of Na and Cl with these traits, an experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design with four treatments including 0 (control), 25, 50 and 75 mM of pure sodium chloride and three replications from 2010 to 2012. The seed of healthy almond genotypes grown in natural saline areas of East-Azerbaijan province were used as the experimental material in this study. Salt treatments were influenced during eight weeks following the growth and appearance of 15 – 20 leaves on each seedling. The results showed that the threshold of marginal leaf scorch symptoms was in relation with an accumulation of 9–11 mg/g DW Na. Also, mean of free proline content increased from 37.7 to 117.9 µmol.g-1 FW linearly and significantly in parallel with the accumulation of Na and Cl in the leaves. Under same conditions, catalase and ascorbate-peroxidase activity increased significantly; however peroxidase activity increased up to 50 mM salinity but decreased subsequently at higher levels of salt.
mahdi mohammad zan=mani; vali rabiei; Mohammad Ali Nejatian; Mehdi Taheri
Abstract
Proline and glycine betaine are the most common compatible solutes that prevent plants from destructive effects of osmotic stresses by osmotic adjustment and protection of membranes, proteins and enzymes. It has been reported that exogenous application of these compounds, can increase plant resistance ...
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Proline and glycine betaine are the most common compatible solutes that prevent plants from destructive effects of osmotic stresses by osmotic adjustment and protection of membranes, proteins and enzymes. It has been reported that exogenous application of these compounds, can increase plant resistance to drought stress. Therefore a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with four replications was performed in four grapevine cultivars (‘Khushnav’, ‘Peykani’, ‘Perlette’, and ‘Flame Seedless’). Grapevines were irrigated by 70 percent of the vine water requirement, in drought stress treatment. Proline (10 mM) and glycine betaine (15 mM) were sprayed on grapevines at four growth stages (before flowering, flowering, sour cluster and veraison). Results showed that endogenous proline and amount of glycine betaine, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase enzyme activity in treated vines were significantly higher than the control, in both proline and glycine betaine treatments. Among of the treated vines, the most and the least amount of proline was measured in ‘Flame Seedless’ and ‘Peykani’, respectively. Other measured traits in cultivars did not show significant difference. According to the role of these enzymes in eliminating reactive oxygen spices (ROS) and also the role of proline and glycine betaine in antioxidants activating, using of these two osmolytes will be able to increase the vines tolerance to drought stress conditions.