Mohamad Keshtegar khajedad; Alireza Sirousmehr; Issa Khammari; Khodadad Dahmardeh
Abstract
Water deficit is one of the most important limiting factors of production in crops. The present study was conducted in 2019 to investigate the effect of different irrigation times and foliar application of humic acid on morphophysiological traits and yield of black beans as a split plot in a randomized ...
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Water deficit is one of the most important limiting factors of production in crops. The present study was conducted in 2019 to investigate the effect of different irrigation times and foliar application of humic acid on morphophysiological traits and yield of black beans as a split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Zahak Agricultural Research Station in Sistan and Baluchestan Province. The main factor involves three irrigation treatments, including irrigation from planting to harvest, irrigation from planting to flowering, and irrigation from flowering to harvest, and the secondary factor includes foliar application at four levels of humic acid (0, 1, 2, and 3 per thousand). By increasing drought stress levels, plant height and width, fresh and dry forage yield, leaf area (in both stem and flowering stages), photosynthetic pigments, nitrogen, phosphorus (3.39%), potassium (20.6%), calcium of leaf, grain yield (11.27%), and biological yield (60.22%) has decreased, whereas proline content (31.88%) has increased, compared to the control. Also, by increasing humic acid levels, the values of all studied traits has increased. Humic acid has had a positive effect on black bean plant traits under drought stress conditions, so that its concentration of three per thousand reduces the adverse effects of drought stress, increasing the tolerance of black bean crop. In general, complete irrigation and application of three per thousand humic acids for the production of black beans seems appropriate. It is suggested that in future research, soil application of humic acid consumption should be investigated to compare the efficiency of the methods used.
Mohaddese Heydarzade; Seyed MohammadReza Ehteshami; Mohammad Rabiee
Abstract
Despite the progress of the livestock industry in Iran, the production of forage plants commensurate with this development has not been considered. Therefore, this study has been conducted during 2017, with the need to produce feed for livestock and poultry and with the aim of determining the best density ...
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Despite the progress of the livestock industry in Iran, the production of forage plants commensurate with this development has not been considered. Therefore, this study has been conducted during 2017, with the need to produce feed for livestock and poultry and with the aim of determining the best density and planting date on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Guar forage. Taking place in the Rasht Rice research Institute-station located in the Village of GilPordehsar in the Sangar city, it evaluates four planting date (May 12, May 26, June 9, and June 23) and three plant densities (200, 400 and 600 plant.ha-1) factorially in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results show that the planting date of May 26 and the density of 600 plant.ha-1 in terms of fresh forage yield (35.02 t/ha), crude protein (19.02%), dry matter (54.35%), and carbohydrate (26.12%) are superior to other planting dates and plant density under test. The highest yield of dry forage (6.1 t/ha) and neutral detergent fiber (58.23%) has been observed on May 12 and a density of 600 plant.ha-1. The amount of crude fiber has increased with delay in planting, but the percentage of Ash is not affected by different planting dates and densities. According to the results, in order to obtain the highest quantity and quality of forage in Guilan Province, the planting date of May 26 and the density of 600 plant.ha-1 is recommended.
Saeed Sharafi
Abstract
Compensating water shortage requires the use of proper agricultural management methods. Thus, the present experiment aims at investigating different irrigation levels based on water requirement of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) on qualitative and quantitative yield of forage produced by combined cropping ...
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Compensating water shortage requires the use of proper agricultural management methods. Thus, the present experiment aims at investigating different irrigation levels based on water requirement of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) on qualitative and quantitative yield of forage produced by combined cropping patterns of sorghum and snail medic (Medicago scutellata L.). The experiment is conducted in split plots design based on randomized complete blocks with three replications in two years (2017-2018 and 2018-2019). The treatments include irrigation levels of 50%, 75%, 100%, and 125% (as the main plot) and cropping patterns sole-cropping sorghum, sole-cropping snail medic, cropping pattern of 100% sorghum with additive series of 50%, 75%, and 100% snail medic (as the subplot). Results show that the highest fresh and dry forage yield are obtained in 125% water requirement as well as 100% sorghum and 100% snail medic (with 53578.45 and 13302.68 kg ha-1). In addition to the effective application of land (land equivalent ratio = 1.29), fresh and dry forage yield have increased by 834 and 63.36 kg ha-1, respectively. The analysis of forage quality show that with a decrease in the portion of the snail medic, the percentage of protein has decreased by 11.05%. Also, the highest percentage of crude ash and digestible matter have been obtained in the treatment of sorghum sole cropping (11.79% and 81.04%, respectively) and the highest percentage of acid detergent fiber in the treatment of snail medic sole cropping (30.94%). According to the results, it is possible that the use of crop with low water requirements like snail medic in mix cropping system (100:100) increases the quality and quantity of forage, boosting water productivity as well.
Hamed Javadi; Parviz Rezvani Moghaddam; Mohammad Hassan Rashed Mohasel; Mohamad Javad Seghatoleslami
Abstract
In order to study the effect of green manure and different levels of nitrogen on yield and nitrogen use efficiency in purslane, an experiment was conducted as a split plot design based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm of Birjand University in 2014-2015. ...
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In order to study the effect of green manure and different levels of nitrogen on yield and nitrogen use efficiency in purslane, an experiment was conducted as a split plot design based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm of Birjand University in 2014-2015. Four green manure (control (no green manure), Vicia villosa L., Eruca sativa L., and a mixture of Eruca sativa L. and Vicia villosa L.) and three levels of nitrogen (0 (control), 50 and 100 kg. ha-1) were considered as main plots and sub plots, respectively. The results showed that using green manure had no effect on grain and forage yields of purslane. The use of 100 kg.ha-1 nitrogen also led to 18.81 percent increase of dry forage yield (3992.3 kg. ha-1) compared with the control (3360.1 kg. ha-1). In addition, green manure with high nitrogen levels improved the yield and nitrogen content of biomass and decreased absorption and agronomy efficiency of nitrogen based on forage yield. The results revealed that, considering the reduction of nitrogen efficiency despite the use of green and nitrogen fertilizers and taking into account production costs and environmental problems, the nitrogen content in the soil (54.6 kg. ha-1) is sufficient for stable grain production and 50 kg.ha-1 nitrogen for forage production of purslane, and more nitrogen consumption will be a luxury aspect.
Roya Karimi; Hashem Hadi; Mehdi Tajbakhsh Shishavan
Abstract
According to the global water shortage problem, the exploring for reducing its harmful effects is very important. This experiment was conducted as split plots method based on randomized complete block design with three replicates in Urmia University research field during growing season of 2013-14. Water ...
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According to the global water shortage problem, the exploring for reducing its harmful effects is very important. This experiment was conducted as split plots method based on randomized complete block design with three replicates in Urmia University research field during growing season of 2013-14. Water deficit stress as main plot consisted of three levels (irrigation when soil moisture reached 90, 70 and 50 percent of soil field capacity) and foliar applications (at 5-6 leaf stage two times with an interval of three days) as sub plot with five levels including: no foliar application (control), foliar application of salicylic acid (0.5 and 1 millimolar) and zinc sulphate (300 and 3000 milligram per liter). The results showed that the interaction effect of foliar application and water deficit significantly influenced photosynthetic pigments (except total chlorophyll content) and relative water content. The main effects of foliar application and water deficit were significant on leaves number, dry weight of leaves and stems, forage yield per square meter, electrolyte leakage and leaf area index. Severe Water deficit significantly decreased dry matter yield by 21.11 percent relative to normal irrigation. The maximum forage dry matter yield with average of 1571.53 gram per square meter were produced by both foliar application of zinc sulphate 3000 milligram per liter and salicylic acid 0.5 millimolar, which not only compensate for spraying costs but also lead to an acceptable increase in farmers' income. Therefore they could be recommended for farmers.
Samaneh Kiani; Mohammad Reza Moradi Telavat; Seyed Ataollah siadat; Ali Reza Abdali Mashhadi; Mohsen Sari
Abstract
In order to investigate the yield and quality of forage in intercropping barley and fennel, an experiment was carried out as split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Ramin University during growing season ...
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In order to investigate the yield and quality of forage in intercropping barley and fennel, an experiment was carried out as split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Ramin University during growing season of 2012-2013. Four treatments levels of nitrogen including: (0, 70, 140 and 210 kgN.ha-1) have been taken into account as main plots and the planting ratios in five levels (pure culture barley and fennel), (75% barley + 25% fennel), (50% barley + 50% fennel), (25% barley + 75% fennel) as sub-plots. Results showed that the highest dry and fresh forage yield, respectively, 53380 and 8271 kgN.ha-1 were obtained from treatments pure cultures of fennel with level of 210 kgN.ha-1 and 50percent barley + 50percent fennel with level of 210 kgN.ha-1. Morphological traits included height of barley and fennel, number of branches for fennel were positive affected nitrogen 140 kg.The highest percent crude protein with 25.7 percent was obtained from pure cultures of fennel with 210 kgN.ha-1 .Also, maximum crude protein yield (1528.2 kgN.ha-1) and land equivalent ratio (LER=1.16) were obtained from 50percent barley+50percent fennel with level of 210 kgN.ha-1 respectively. The authenticator results of aforesaid inspections enhance the forage yield and quality in treatment 50 percent barley+50percent fennel with level of 210 kg N.ha-1
Roushan Jafari; Raouf Seyed sharif; Ali Akbar Imani
Abstract
In order to study the influence of nitrogen and different harvesting dates on sorghum yield, a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design was conducted with three replications in 2010 at the Research Farm of Islamic Azad University, Ardabil branch. Factors were: different harvesting ...
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In order to study the influence of nitrogen and different harvesting dates on sorghum yield, a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design was conducted with three replications in 2010 at the Research Farm of Islamic Azad University, Ardabil branch. Factors were: different harvesting dates in three levels containing, beginning of flowering, two and four weeks after beginning of flowering and nitrogen fertilizer in four levels (zero, 60, 120 and 180 kg N.ha-1). The results showed that maximum of forage yield was obtained by the plots which were applied 180 kg N.ha-1 in four weeks after beginning flowering and the least of it was in no application of nitrogen fertilizer in beginning of flowering. Means comparison showed that the highest nitrogen use efficiency was obtained by the plots which was applied 60 kg N.ha-1 in four weeks after beginning flowering and the least of it was in application of 180 kg N.ha-1 × beginninig of flowering. Maximum of stem and leaf protein was obtained in the highest of nitrogen fertilizer rates. It seems that in order to increasing of forage yield, should be applied 180 kg N.ha-1 × four weeks after beginning flowering in climate conditions of Ardabil. If the aim is to improve nitrogen use efficiency, then applying 60 kg N.ha-1 in four weeks after beginning flowering can be suggested.