Faezeh Heidari; Jalal Jalilian; esmaeil gholinezhad
Abstract
Objective: Regarding the importance of nutritional management in saline conditions and the need to investigate the nutritional aspects of the new quinoa crop, this research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of different levels of salinity stress and different nano fertilizers on ...
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Objective: Regarding the importance of nutritional management in saline conditions and the need to investigate the nutritional aspects of the new quinoa crop, this research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of different levels of salinity stress and different nano fertilizers on the morphological characteristics and quantitative and qualitative characteristics of quinoa forage.
Methods: This experiment was conducted on factorial experimental based on a completely randomized design with three replications in the research field of Urmia University during 2017-2018. The first factor was salinity stress with water of Lake Urmia at three levels (0, 16, 32 dS m-1) and the second factor was nano-fertilizer at five levels (potassium, zinc calcium, silica, and no foliar application (control)).
Results: The results showed that the highest and lowest values of plant height, leaf dry weight and inflorescence dry weight were obtained from the treatment without salinity stress and salinity stress at 32 dS m-1, respectively. Salinity stress at 32 and 16 ds/m, compared to the control, increased crude protein (5% and 3%), soluble carbohydrates (15% and 14%), acid detergent fiber (23% and 7%), neutral detergent fiber (20% and 5%) and crude fiber (10% and 5%), respectively, while it reduced the total ash (27% and 17%) and dry matter digestibility (22% and 8%). Also, foliar application of nano-fertilizers improved forage quality traits such as crude protein, total ash, dry matter digestibility and soluble carbohydrate content and unfavorable qualitative traits such as neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and crude fiber decreased.
Conclusion: Therefore, in order to improve the growth, increase the quality of quinoa forage, and reduce the effects of salinity stress, foliar application with various nano-fertilizers, especially calcium nano-fertilizer, is highly recommended.
Hamid Jabbari; Farid Golzardi; Farnaz Shariati; Hormoz Asadi
Abstract
In order to evaluate the quantity and quality of safflower cultivars forage in three forage harvesting times based on plant phenological stages, the present study has been conducted in a randomized complete block design with split-plot in time arrangements with three replications at the Seed and Plant ...
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In order to evaluate the quantity and quality of safflower cultivars forage in three forage harvesting times based on plant phenological stages, the present study has been conducted in a randomized complete block design with split-plot in time arrangements with three replications at the Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), Karaj, Iran, during 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 cropping seasons. The main factor includes three safflower cultivars (Goldasht, Golmehr, and Parnian), with three forage harvesting time (namely stem elongation, branching, and flowering stages) considered as the sub-factor. The effect of year only on plant height and water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) has been significant (P≤0.05). The results show that the interaction effect of cultivar × harvesting time on the fresh forage yield, plant height, WSC, and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) has been significant (P≤0.01). The highest fresh forage yield (52103 kg ha-1) is obtained by harvesting the Golmehr cultivar at the beginning of flowering; however, the highest dry matter yield is observed in Golmehr and Parnian cultivars. The highest dry matter yield has been observed in the branching stage (11900 kg ha-1), with the crude protein content in this stage being 14.57%. In contrast, the maximum crude protein content is observed in the flowering stage (19.22%), even though the mean dry matter yield at this stage has been 9937 kg ha-1. The maximum and minimum RFV (130.3% and 92.3%) are recorded in the forage of Goldasht and Golmehr cultivars, respectively. Therefore, among the studied cultivars, Parnian, and among the growth stages, forage harvesting at the branching stage is introduced as the superior treatment to achieve maximum yield and quality of safflower forage.
Somayeh Karami; Hashem Hadi; Mehdi Tajbaksh; Seyed Ali Mohammad Modarres-Sanavy
Abstract
In order to study the effect of different levels of irrigation, nitrogen and zeolite onchlorophyll content, forage yield and quality of amaranth, a split plot factorial experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm of Tarbiat Modarres University ...
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In order to study the effect of different levels of irrigation, nitrogen and zeolite onchlorophyll content, forage yield and quality of amaranth, a split plot factorial experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm of Tarbiat Modarres University during 2013 and 2014 growing seasons. Main factor was three irrigation regimes, irrigation after depleting 40, 60 and 75 percent of soil available waterand sub factor was the combination of the two factors: nitrogen levels 0, 80, 160 and 240 kg.h-1 and zeolite levels 0 and 10 ton.h-1. Results showed that increasing irrigation intervals, especially irrigation after depleting 75% of available water, decreased chlorophyll (37%), forage yield (40%), digestible dry matter (18%), crude protein (17%) and ash (16%) but increased neutral detergent fiber (16%) and acid detergent fiber (7%) compared to control irrigation treatments. Zeolite application under water deficit stress conditions increased chlorophyll, forage yield, digestible dry matter, crude protein and ash, and reduced NDF and ADF. Nitrogen consumption more than 80 kg.h-1 had no significant effect on forage dry yield and quality under soil water deficit conditions and application of zeolite; Therefore, Nitrogen application (80 kg.h-1) was sufficient to obtain suitable forage yield and quality of the amaranth with zeolite application.
Mohsen Bagheri Dehabadi; Hossein Moghadam; Mohammad reza Chaichi; Nasrin ziloee
Abstract
To assess the effects of bio-fertilizer and some of microelements on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sorghum (var. Pegah), this experiment was conducted at the research farm of the University of Tehran (Karaj-Iran) in 2011. The experiment was arranged as split plot based on complete randomize ...
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To assess the effects of bio-fertilizer and some of microelements on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sorghum (var. Pegah), this experiment was conducted at the research farm of the University of Tehran (Karaj-Iran) in 2011. The experiment was arranged as split plot based on complete randomize design block with four replications. Two levels of mycorrhiza (inoculated and non-inoculated) and three levels of foliar application of iron (zero, four and eight per thousand) along with three levels of application of zinc (zero, three and six per thousand) were allocated to main and subplots respectivly. The results indicated that inoculation with mycorrhiza and application of micronutrients had positively significant effect on dry yield, plant height, shoot weight, leaf weight, crude protein, water soluble carbohydrates and ash (p<0.01) and reduced acid detergent fiber (p<0.05). However, foliar of Fe and Zn had no significant effects on root colonization. Also, investigated factors had no significant effects on number of leaves. The treatment of mycorrhiza and foliar application of the Fe and Zn in concentrations of four and three per thousand (respectively) produced the maximum of dry yield. This treatment increased yield by 40% compared with control. Based on the obtained results, treatment of myco-Fe4Z3 can be recommended for increasing yield and improving qualitative characteristics of forage sorghum (var. Pegah) in Karaj region.
Adel Amori; Habibolah Roshanfekr; Peyman Hasibi
Abstract
In order to study of yield and some forage quality traits of mixcropping on rows of oat and vetch, an experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block designed with seven treatments and three replications at the research farm of Agriculture faculty of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz in ...
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In order to study of yield and some forage quality traits of mixcropping on rows of oat and vetch, an experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block designed with seven treatments and three replications at the research farm of Agriculture faculty of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz in 2014-2015 growing season. Treatments were included different sowing ratios of 100: 0, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60, 30:70 and 0:100, respectively, oat and vetch. Mixcropping was performed using a replacement method. The evaluated characteristics were included wet and dry forage yield, crude protein yield, percent crude protein, crude fiber, ash, percent soluble carbohydrates, oat and plant height, tiller numbers. The highest forage yield (105.26 t ha-1), dry (29.47 t ha-1) and protein yield (2.27 t ha-1) were obtained from 60 percent of oat and 40 percent vetch sowing ratio. The higher percent of crude protein (17.49 percent) and the most percent of ash (7.37 percent) and the lowest percent of crude fiber was obtained in monoculture of vetch. The highest amount of soluble carbohydrates (12.66 percent) were obtained in 30 percent of oat and 70 percent vetch. The highest land equivalent ratio for wet (1.26) and dry (1.60) forage yield and protein yield (1.50) were obtained, respectively, 50 percent and 50 percent of oat and vetch and 60 percent oat + 40 percent vetch. According to the results of the present study, it seems that oat and vetch mixcropping on row in terms of forage quality and quantity, can recommend as an appropriate manner compared to monocultures of the studied species.
Azin Najaf Abadi; Jalal Jalilian; Mohammad Reza Zardoshti
Abstract
To evaluate the quantity and quality of forage in intercropping of safflower and bitter vetch, a factorial experiment was used based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in the Faculty of Agriculture at Urmia University in the growing season of 2013-2014.The first factor was ...
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To evaluate the quantity and quality of forage in intercropping of safflower and bitter vetch, a factorial experiment was used based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in the Faculty of Agriculture at Urmia University in the growing season of 2013-2014.The first factor was the use of high-input and low-input farming systems. The high-input system involved the use of fertilizers (N and P), and chemical control of pests and weeds with the use of Metasystox and Galant. The low-input system used cow manure, bio fertilizers and no chemical material. The second factor was cropping patterns with rows ratio of 2:2, 2:3, 2:4, and 2:5 safflower/bitter vetch and safflower and bitter vetch sole cropping. Results showed that the wet and dry weights of forage grown in sole cropping was more than in all the mixed patterns. The 2:4 planting pattern in the high-input system increased the percentage of crude protein and reduced the crude fiber content of the safflower forage. High-input cropping systems produce the most digestible dry matter and soluble carbohydrate in safflower (76.86% and 11.85 percent) and bitter vetch (61.38 and 16.31 percent). In general, the maximum crude protein content and soluble carbohydrates in bitter vetch forage, and the highest index of LER (1.87) in both plants were obtain from the 2:5 planting pattern in the low-input farming system. Thus, two rows of safflower planted with five rows of bitter vetch is the best model regarding the quality and quantity of forage.
Narges Dolatmand Shahri; Iraj Tahmasebi
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted in order to study the effect of nitrogen fertilizer and plant density on yield and quality of Maize (Zea mays L.) cultivar, MV500 silage as second crop. This study was conducted in Agricultural Research Station of Kurdistan University during 2012 growing season. The experiment ...
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A field experiment was conducted in order to study the effect of nitrogen fertilizer and plant density on yield and quality of Maize (Zea mays L.) cultivar, MV500 silage as second crop. This study was conducted in Agricultural Research Station of Kurdistan University during 2012 growing season. The experiment was laid out as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The main factor was three levels of nitrogen (115, 184 and 253 kg N. ha-1). Four plant densities (8, 10, 12 and 14 plants.m-2) assigned to subplots. The results showed that as nitrogen rate increased forage yield, and crude protein content increased but NDF and ADF percentage decreased. However, ash percentage did not change by nitrogen rate. Increasing in nitrogen rate more than 184Kg N/ha had no significant effect on forage yield, protein content and NDF. Although, forage yield increased and both protein content and NDF decreased as plant density increased but ADF and Ash percentage did not affect by plant density. In conclusion, nitrogen rate more than 184 Kg N/ha and plant density more than 12 pl.m-2 had no effects on forage yield and quality. Therefore, in order to avoid environmental pollutions and reduce production costs, more nitrogen rates and plant populations not recommended.
parastoo moradi; Jafar Asghari; Gholam Reza Mohsen Abadi; Habibollah Samiezadeh
Abstract
To compare the quantity and quality of forge production in intercropping systems with maize, pinto bean and pumpkin, an experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at faculty of agricultural science, University of Guilan, during 2012 growing season. The ...
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To compare the quantity and quality of forge production in intercropping systems with maize, pinto bean and pumpkin, an experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at faculty of agricultural science, University of Guilan, during 2012 growing season. The treatments consisted of maize, pinto bean and naked pumpkin sole cropping, maize – pinto bean and maize – pumpkin double cropping and maize-pinto bean-pumpkin triple cropping . The results showed that the highest forage dry weight produced in triple cropping and the lowest in pinto bean sole cropping. The highest and lowest crude protein productions observed in triple cropping and maize sole cropping systems, respectively. The highest acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were observed in maize sole cropping, versus, both were reduced in triple cropping system due to intercropping with pinto bean and pumpkin. The ADF and NDF of maize in triple cropping systems reductions were more than sole cropping systems; therefore, the total digestible nutrients and consumable dry matter were increased. This research showed that the quantity and quality of total forage production of triple cropping systems of maize, pinto bean and pumpkin were significantly superior to the other cropping systems.
Samaneh Kiani; Mohammad Reza Moradi Telavat; Seyed Ataollah siadat; Ali Reza Abdali Mashhadi; Mohsen Sari
Abstract
In order to investigate the yield and quality of forage in intercropping barley and fennel, an experiment was carried out as split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Ramin University during growing season ...
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In order to investigate the yield and quality of forage in intercropping barley and fennel, an experiment was carried out as split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Ramin University during growing season of 2012-2013. Four treatments levels of nitrogen including: (0, 70, 140 and 210 kgN.ha-1) have been taken into account as main plots and the planting ratios in five levels (pure culture barley and fennel), (75% barley + 25% fennel), (50% barley + 50% fennel), (25% barley + 75% fennel) as sub-plots. Results showed that the highest dry and fresh forage yield, respectively, 53380 and 8271 kgN.ha-1 were obtained from treatments pure cultures of fennel with level of 210 kgN.ha-1 and 50percent barley + 50percent fennel with level of 210 kgN.ha-1. Morphological traits included height of barley and fennel, number of branches for fennel were positive affected nitrogen 140 kg.The highest percent crude protein with 25.7 percent was obtained from pure cultures of fennel with 210 kgN.ha-1 .Also, maximum crude protein yield (1528.2 kgN.ha-1) and land equivalent ratio (LER=1.16) were obtained from 50percent barley+50percent fennel with level of 210 kgN.ha-1 respectively. The authenticator results of aforesaid inspections enhance the forage yield and quality in treatment 50 percent barley+50percent fennel with level of 210 kg N.ha-1