Ali Momenpour; Davod Bakhshi; Ali Imani
Abstract
The types of scion-rootstock compound and level of salinity affect on almond biochemical reactions. In order to evaluate the effect of salinity stress on biochemical reactions of almond genotypes, a experiment was carried out with 2 factors; cultivar in 4 levels including Shahrood 12, Touno, 1- 16 budded ...
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The types of scion-rootstock compound and level of salinity affect on almond biochemical reactions. In order to evaluate the effect of salinity stress on biochemical reactions of almond genotypes, a experiment was carried out with 2 factors; cultivar in 4 levels including Shahrood 12, Touno, 1- 16 budded on GF677 rootstock and GF677 and water salinity in five levels including 0, 1.2, 2.4, 3.6 and 4.8 g/l of sodium chloride salt (that electrical conductivity equal to 0.5, 2.5, 4.9, 7.3 and 9.8 ds/m, respectively). The result showed that in the total genotypes studied, with increasing salinity concentration to treatment 4.8 gr/lit, were increased content of hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, others aldehyde. Also, content of total phenolics, antioxidant capacity, soluble carbohydrate, prolin, total soluble proteins, enzymes activity of catalase, ghayacol peroxidase and ascorbat peroxidase in the total genotypes studied, in begging, with increasing salinity concentration, were increased but with more increasing salinity concentration, those contents were reduced. Overall, the highest content of total soluble proteins, enzymes activity of catalase, ghayacol peroxidase and ascorbat peroxidase in level of salinity 3.6 gr/lit and the highest content of total phenolics, antioxidant capacity, soluble carbohydrate and prolin in level of salinity 4.8 gr/lit and lowest content of hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, others aldehyde and total non-soluble carbohydrate in levels of salinity 3.6 and 4.8 gr/lit were observed in ‘Shahrood 12’ cultivar. Overall, of between total genotypes studied, Shahrood 12’ was recognized as the most tolerant cultivar to salinity stress.
Ali Momenpour; Davood Bakhshi; Ali Imani; Hamed Rezaie
Abstract
The types of scion-rootstock compound and level of salinity affect on growth characteristics and concentration of nutrition elements of almond leaves and roots. In order to evaluate the effect of salinity stress on vegetative traits and concentration of nutrition elements of leaves and roots almond genotypes, ...
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The types of scion-rootstock compound and level of salinity affect on growth characteristics and concentration of nutrition elements of almond leaves and roots. In order to evaluate the effect of salinity stress on vegetative traits and concentration of nutrition elements of leaves and roots almond genotypes, a experiment was carried out with two factors; cultivar in four levels including ‘Shahrood 12’, ‘Touno’, ‘1-16’ budded on GF677 rootstock and GF677 and water salinity in five levels including zero, 1.2, 2.4, 3.6 and 4.8 g/l of sodium chloride salt (with the electrical conductivity of 0.5, 2.5, 4.9, 7.3 and 9.8 ds/m, respectively). The result showed that with increasing salinity concentration, branch height, branch diameter, and number of produced leaves and percentage of green leaves have been reduced but percentage of necrotic leaves and percentage of downfall leave were increased. The result showed that in the total genotypes studied, the highest rate of Na+ (2.12%), Cl- (4.94%), ratio Na+/K+ (2.03%), ratio Na+/Ca++ (1.92%), ratio Na+/Mg++ (6.81%), ratio Na+/P (14.07%), and the lowest rate of Ca++ (1.06%), Mg++ (0.33%), P (0.146%), Zn++ (32.7 ppm), Cu++ (9.33 ppm), in leaves was observed in treatment 9.8 ds/m of NaCl. The result showed that type of scion was affected in obstruction of Na+ absorption by the roots and their transported to leaves. In the total level of salinity studied, ‘Shahrood 12’ was the lowest rate of Na+, Cl-, ratio Na+/K+, ratio Na+/Ca++, ratio Na+/Mg++, ratio Na+/P and the highest ratio Cl-/ Na+. Also, this cultivar can tolerate high level of salinity (7.3 ds/m), by increasing content of K+ (1.65%),Cu++ (9.62 ppm), Fe++ (22.30 ppm), Zn++ (50.45 ppm) more than other genotypes studied in this research, to deal with the devastating effects of Na+. Overall, ‘Shahrood 12’ was recognized as the most tolerant cultivar to salinity stress.
Erfan Sepahvand; Ali Momenpour; Ali Imani; Mahmoud Ghasemnejad
Abstract
This research was conducted to study some vegetative and reproductive traits as well as qualitative andquantitative characteristics and their correlation in 80 almond genotypes. Qualitative traits were studiedaccording to gulcan descriptor. Quantitative traits were analyzed as completely randomized design(CRD), ...
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This research was conducted to study some vegetative and reproductive traits as well as qualitative andquantitative characteristics and their correlation in 80 almond genotypes. Qualitative traits were studiedaccording to gulcan descriptor. Quantitative traits were analyzed as completely randomized design(CRD), with 12 replications. The results showed that genotypes had significant difference in fruit, nut,kernel weight and kernel to nut weight ratio. No169 genotype was very late blooming and had large sizeand moderate quality fruits. Fruit, nut and kernel weight in this genotype were 12.50, 4.75 and 1.28,respectively. Kernel of this genotype was sweet with low shriveling, which are important of consumeracceptance. The traits correlation showed that fruit, nut and kernel weight and size, had significantpositive correlation together. Also, kernel taste had significant negative correlation with pubescence,shriveling and color intensity of kernel. Results of cluster analysis showed that, in Euclidean distance of25, all genotypes were divided into two main branches. With decrease in the Euclidean distance from 25to 5, the genotypes were divided into eight main subclusters. Cluster analysis revealed that the traits oftree high and growth vigor, fruit, nut and kernel size and shell sofftness and hardness were the maincharacteristics separating the genotypes.