Khiermohammad Mohammadi; Ali Ebadi; Mohammad Ali Askari Sarchishmeh; Mohammad Reza fattahi Moghaddam; Hossein Hokmabadi
Abstract
Plants employ antioxidant mechanism to face different stresses. In this research work the effect of salinity stress, caused by increasing sodium chloride, on the antioxidative system and some physiological characteristics of selected pistachio seedlings (Badami-Riz-e- Zarand, Qazvini, Sarakhs, Atlantica ...
Read More
Plants employ antioxidant mechanism to face different stresses. In this research work the effect of salinity stress, caused by increasing sodium chloride, on the antioxidative system and some physiological characteristics of selected pistachio seedlings (Badami-Riz-e- Zarand, Qazvini, Sarakhs, Atlantica UCB1, and Hybrids of Pistacia. vera cv. Badami-Riz-e-Zarand × P. Integerrima, P. vera cv. Sharakhs× P. Integerrima, P. atlantica Desf. × P. Integerrima ) was studied. A greenhouse experiment was conducted as a factorial based on a completely randomized design with three replications in Cocopit and Perlite media. Treatments consisted of four salinity levels (0, 75, 150 and 225 mM NaCl) and above mentioned Root stocks. Using salt in nutrient solution was carried out in the second year of seedling growth for nine weeks. At the end of experiment, some physiological and biochemical traits of seedlings were measured. Results showed that, leaf area and total chlorophyll contents decreased in all treated plants. Under the salinity stress, a higher reduction in the observed traits was noticed in the Atlantica rootstock while less effect on the Badami-Riz-e-Zarand was noticed. Also, it has been found that by increasing salinity levels the levels of proline, total phenol content and antioxidant enzymes activity were higher in Badami-Riz-e-Zarand × P. Integerrima, Badami-Riz-Zarand and Qazvini compared to others. It seems that Hybrid of Badami-Riz-e-Zarand × P. Integerrima, Badami-Riz-Zarand and Qazvini rootstocks had more ability to sustain leaf water and proteins and therefore, were more resistant to salinity stress.
Erfan Sepahvand; Mahmoud Ghasem nejad; Mohammad Reza Fatahi Moghadam; Ali Reza Talaie; Mohammad Ali Askari Sarcheshmeh
Abstract
The type of training system and application of calcium spray have considerable effects on storability of fruits. In this study, the effects of calcium chloride spray (0, 0.75, 1.5 and 3 g.L-1) in three times during 2, 4 and 6 weeks before harvest time on apple (Malus domestica) fruits cvs. ‘Gala’ ...
Read More
The type of training system and application of calcium spray have considerable effects on storability of fruits. In this study, the effects of calcium chloride spray (0, 0.75, 1.5 and 3 g.L-1) in three times during 2, 4 and 6 weeks before harvest time on apple (Malus domestica) fruits cvs. ‘Gala’ and ‘Delbarestival’, which trained in three different training systems (V shape, HighTech and Cordon) were investigated after 4 months in cold storage. This experiment was designed as split factorial in frame of randomized complete block design with four replications. The fruit characteristics such as fruit firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acid (TA), TSS/TA, total phenolic, total flavonoids, total anthocyanin, ethylene and respiration rate were evaluated at the end of storability. The results showed that training systems types and foliar application with calcium chloride had significant effect on postharvest quality of fruits. Calcium chloride spray increased TSS, TA content, antioxidant capacity, anthocyanin content, phenol content and tissue firmness of fruits at the end of storage in compared to control. Fruits firmness of Gala was higher than Delbarestival cultivars. The highest TSS (14.22%) and TA (0.47%) content were found in fruits produced with High-tech system when sprayed with 0.75 g. L-1 calcium chloride. Ethylene production of Delbarestival (18.36, 15.22 and 15.11 nL/g.h) was higher than Gala fruits (6.60, 6.38 and 8.43 nL/g.h) at three different training systems. Preharvest calcium spray suppresed ethylene production and respiration rate of apple fruits produced at three different training systems as compared to control at the end of storage.
Nabi Hadavand; Ahmad Ershadi; Rohollah Karimi; Alireza Talaei; Mohammad Ali Askari Sarcheshmeh
Abstract
High-density planting system is one of the effective methods for improving production and profitability of tree orchards. In this research, the effects of four planting densities (1904, 2666, 3137 and 4800 tree/ha) on annual shoot growth, Physicochemical properties of fruit and leaf mineral contents ...
Read More
High-density planting system is one of the effective methods for improving production and profitability of tree orchards. In this research, the effects of four planting densities (1904, 2666, 3137 and 4800 tree/ha) on annual shoot growth, Physicochemical properties of fruit and leaf mineral contents of apple (Malus domestica Borkh cv ‘Granny Smith’) tree grafted on M26 clonal rootstock were studied in randomized complete block design with four treatments and four replications in College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, during 2009-2010. Based on results, planting density significantly affected some qualitative characteristics such as fruit length, fruit diameter, total soluble solid, fruit dry matter, fruit ash and sun scald, but no significant effect on fruit weight, fruit L/D ratio, TA and tenacity were observed. Planting density significantly affected the leaf N and Fe concentrations. The highest N (1.81 percent) and Cu (39 µg/kg) the lowest Fe of leaves (237 µg/kg) was observed with 1904 tree/ha. Although, planting density had no significant effect on other mineral elements, but with increasing the planting density, leaf P, K, Mg and Mn content increased, but, Ca and Cu decreased. Increasing in N and Fe was associated with a decrease and increase of current seasonal shoot growth, respectively. Likewise, trees with higher crop tend to have more N and less Fe. These results showed that, under Iran climatic condition, with increasing in planting density of apple orchardit can be produced higher fruit crop without decrease in its quality parameters.
Erfan Sepahvand; Mahmood GHasem nejhad; Mohammad Reza Fattahi Moghadam; Alireza Talaei; Mohammad Ali Askari
Abstract
In this study, the effect of foliar spray with calcium chloride (0, 0.75, 1.5 and 3 g L-1) during 2, 4 and 6 weeks before commercial harvesting time of apple fruit cv. ‘Gala’ and ‘Delbarestival’ which trained in three different systems (V shape, HighTech and Cordon) was investigated. ...
Read More
In this study, the effect of foliar spray with calcium chloride (0, 0.75, 1.5 and 3 g L-1) during 2, 4 and 6 weeks before commercial harvesting time of apple fruit cv. ‘Gala’ and ‘Delbarestival’ which trained in three different systems (V shape, HighTech and Cordon) was investigated. The results showed that types of training systems and foliar application of calcium can affect on fruits quality at harvest time. Tree yield, fruits weigh and fruit tissue firmness of ‘Gala’ was significantly higher than ‘Delbarestival’. Furthermore, calcium spray increased fruit firmness in compared to control and TA deacresead in compared to control. Calcium treatment increased fruit skin a* value that means more antocyanin synthesis and redness. Results generally showed that ‘Gala’ apple trained in HighTech and V shape systems as well as ‘Delbarestival’ in HighTech produced the higher fruits weight and size as well as quality favorite in compare to other system.