saman valizadeh; mashalah danshvar; Sajjad Rahimi-Moghaddam; Abas Almoderes
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the potential for increasing the yield and quality of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) by utilizing nanochelates in low irrigation conditions.Method: This experiment was conducted using split plots with three repetitions over two years, 2016-2017 and 2017-2018. The ...
Read More
Objective: To investigate the potential for increasing the yield and quality of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) by utilizing nanochelates in low irrigation conditions.Method: This experiment was conducted using split plots with three repetitions over two years, 2016-2017 and 2017-2018. The irrigation regime was compared at two levels: 90% (normal irrigation) and 50% (deficient irrigation) of the field capacity in the main plots. Additionally, foliar spraying of Khazra iron nano chelate fertilizer was applied at five levels of 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 per thousand in the secondary plots. At the end, the characteristics of leaf relative water content, photosynthesis and transpiration rate, mesophyll conductance, the amount of photosynthetic pigments chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, biological yield, seed yield and harvest index were evaluated. Photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate and mesophyll conductance were measured using a photosynthesizer (model CI-304 made in America) during the flowering stage on the youngest fully opened leaf between 10 am and 2 pm. Chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid levels were measured through randomly sampling mature leaves and extracting them using acetone.Results: The interaction between irrigation and iron nano-fertilizer (INF) had a significant impact on transpiration rate, mesophilic conductance, chlorophyll b, carotenoid content, and grain yield at a 1% significance level, and on biological yield at a 5% significance level. The application of iron nano chelate helped alleviate the negative effects of water deficit on grain yield traits, biological performance, chlorophyll b and carotenoid pigments, transpiration rate and mesophilic conductance. The combined effects of irrigation and fertilizer on mesophilic conductivity showed that there was no significant difference between irrigation regimes at 50% and 90% of field capacity for any levels of iron fertilizer except at the 4 per thousand level. Similarly, when comparing the interactive effects of water and fertilizer on transpiration rate and chlorophyll b characteristics of the plant, similar results were observed with mesophilic guidance. The use of 4 parts per thousand iron nano-fertilizer increased biological yield under 50% field capacity irrigation compared to the same irrigation without iron nano-fertilizer. Furthermore, grain yield in the 50% field capacity irrigation was 17% higher with iron nano-fertilizer application compared to without it.Conclusions: The foliar application of nano-chelated iron fertilizer, combined with irrigation at 50% of field capacity and a concentration of 4 per thousand of this fertilizer, is considered the most effective treatment for sweet sorghum in regions with deficiently irrigated conditions.
Raouf Seyed sharif; Reza Seyed Sharifi
Abstract
In order to study the effect of mycorrhiza and foliar nano (Fe and Zn) oxide spraying on yield and some biochemical traits of spring safflower (cultivar Padedeh) under water limitation condition, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications at ...
Read More
In order to study the effect of mycorrhiza and foliar nano (Fe and Zn) oxide spraying on yield and some biochemical traits of spring safflower (cultivar Padedeh) under water limitation condition, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of the Islamic Azad University, Ardabil Branch in cropping year of 2014. The experimental factors were included arboscular mycorrhiza application in two levels (with and without mycorrhiza), foliar application of nano zinc oxide in four levels (non-foliar application and foliar application of nano iron oxide, nano zinc oxide and nano zinc oxide + nano iron oxide) and irrigation in three levels [full irrigation as control, irrigation with holding at 50% of flowering and heading-bud stages (moderate and severe water limitation respectively)]. Results showed that water limitation was increased proline content, the activity of catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase enzymes. Mycorrhiza application and foliar nano (Fe and Zn) oxide spraying improved these traits under water limitation condition and normal irrigation. Means comparison showed that maximum of grain yield (2278.52 kg ha-1) was obtained at application of mycorrhiza, nano oxide of Zn+Fe and full irrigation. Minimum of it (834.25 kg ha-1) was obtained in non-mycorrhiza, no application of nano oxide and irrigation to heading-bud stage. Application of mycorrhiza and nano oxide of Zn+Fe increased grain yield by 35.9% as compared with non-mycorrhiza, non-foliar application of nano oxide under severe water limitation. It seems that mycorrhiza and nano oxide of Zn+Fe application is usable for profitable safflowerproduction under water limitation condition.
Tayebeh Adeli; Ataolah Siadat; Sirous Jafari; Ahmad Koochak Zadeh
Abstract
To evaluate the efficiency of zinc and cadmium on the Fe and Cu uptake and some physiological indices in Trifolium Alexandrinum, an experiment was carried out using Factorial Design based on Randomized Blocks with four replications. The experiment factors included four levels of Cd (0, 25, 50, 100 mg/kg ...
Read More
To evaluate the efficiency of zinc and cadmium on the Fe and Cu uptake and some physiological indices in Trifolium Alexandrinum, an experiment was carried out using Factorial Design based on Randomized Blocks with four replications. The experiment factors included four levels of Cd (0, 25, 50, 100 mg/kg soil) and four levels of zinc (0, 25, 50, 100 mg/kg soil) in greenhouse conditions in Agriculture and natural resource faculty greenhouse located in Mola Sani 40 km north of Ahwaz in 3 November 91-92 . Carmel variety was used in this study. The results showed that Cd consumption on leaf area index (P<0.01), and dry matter (P<0.05) was significant leading to a reduction in the content of all these elements. The results also showed that applied Cd had significant effect on the Fe and Cu concentration in plant tissues, too. Cd application decreased Fe concentration to 22.08 mg/kg and Cu to 4.47 mg/kg in shoot and leaf. The zinc application increased leaf area index and dry matter in significant level. With Zn application separately, the amount of Fe and Zn decreased by 14.28 and 3.36 mg/kg in shoot and leaf, respectively.
Iman Javad-zarrin; Babak Moteshare zade
Abstract
The aim of this research was to evaluate the average concentrations of micronutrients including: Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn) and Zinc (Zn) in the shoots of different cultivars of wheat in stem elongation stage in a soil contaminated with cadmium (Cd). The treatments consisted of three levels ...
Read More
The aim of this research was to evaluate the average concentrations of micronutrients including: Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn) and Zinc (Zn) in the shoots of different cultivars of wheat in stem elongation stage in a soil contaminated with cadmium (Cd). The treatments consisted of three levels of Cd (0 (as control, Cd0), 40 (Cd40) and 80 (Cd80) mg Cd/kg soil) and fourteen different cultivars of wheat (‘Bahar’, ‘Alvand’, ‘Niknezhad’, ‘Pishtaz’, ‘Azadi’, ‘Shahriyar’, ‘Pishgam’, ‘Marvdasht’, ‘Parsi’, ‘Sivand’, ‘Shiraz’, ‘Omid’, ‘Roshan’ and ‘Navid’), respectively. The results showed the effect of Cd on concentrations of micronutrients were highly significant. Cu concentration was decreased in shoot of all studied cultivars, as levels of Cd were increased. Except two cultivars (‘Pishgam’ and ‘Omid’) which showed an increase in Fe concentration in Cd40 comparing with control, Fe concentration was decreased in other cultivars. Most and least Cd concentration in Cd40 was recorded by Niknezhad (7 mg/kg DW) and Parsi (2 mg/kg DW), respectively. Also, most and least Cd concentration in Cd80 was observed in ‘Pishgam’ (20 mg/kg DW) and ‘Navid’ (6 mg/kg DW). Generally, ‘Niknezhad’ and ‘Pishgam’ had the highest reliability of cadmium uptake. Also the lowest reliability of cadmium uptake was observed about ‘Parsi’ and ‘Navid’.
Seyed Majid Mousavi; zahra Ahmadabadi
Abstract
To compare potential of two organic materials including sewage sludge (SS) and municipal solid wastecompost (MSW) on micronutrients entry to soil, a research was conducted as split-plot arrangement basedon randomized complete block design with three replications in research field of Sari AgriculturalUniversity. ...
Read More
To compare potential of two organic materials including sewage sludge (SS) and municipal solid wastecompost (MSW) on micronutrients entry to soil, a research was conducted as split-plot arrangement basedon randomized complete block design with three replications in research field of Sari AgriculturalUniversity. Main-plot (fertilizer treatments) included 20 and 40 ton/ha SS, 20 and 40 ton/ha SS + 50%chemical fertilizer (CF), 20 and 40 ton/ha MSW, 20 and 40 ton/ha MSW + 1/2 CF, CF and control. Subplot(years of application) comprised 3 treatments (1, 2 and 3 times of application). Results showed thatboth fertilizer treatments and application period treatments enhanced accumulation of micronutrients insoil significantly so that SS treatments had more influence compared to MSW treatments. The highesttotal and available Fe and Zn, total Mn and Cu were obtained in SS treatments. While, the most availableMn and available Cu was observed in 3 continuous years application of enriched 40 ton MSW and 20 tonMSW with CF, respectively.
Irandokht Mansoori
Abstract
In order to evaluate row spacing and microelements spraying on yield and some morphological traits ofpeppermint, a split plot experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with fourreplications in Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University during 2010-2011. Threelevels ...
Read More
In order to evaluate row spacing and microelements spraying on yield and some morphological traits ofpeppermint, a split plot experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with fourreplications in Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University during 2010-2011. Threelevels of row spacing (50 × 10, 50 × 20 and 50 × 30 cm) and two levels of microelements (no sprayingand spraying) were evaluated on peppermint at two harvesting time. The results showed that the firstharvesting had significant effect on plant height, oil yield and dry matter. Maximum oil yield (19.1 lit.ha1)and dry matter (1121.3 kg.ha-1) was obtained in the first harvesting time. Microelements had significanteffect on wet matter (3321.3 kg.ha-1), dry matter (987.7 kg.ha-1) and oil yield (19.63 lit.ha-1). Maximumdry matter (1015.5 kg.ha-1) and oil yield (20.31 lit.ha-1) was obtained in (50 × 20 cm) row spacing withspraying. 50 × 20 cm row spacing with spraying recommended, because of maximum oil yield inpeppermint.