Babak Adouli; Bijan Moradi; Mohammad Ali Shiri; Masoumeh Kiaeshkevarian
Abstract
Pre-harvest citrus fruit splitting is a physiological disorder that causes significant damage to producers of susceptible cultivars by reducing the amount of crop available on the market. Proper management of tree nutrition and paying special attention to the three key elements of potassium, calcium, ...
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Pre-harvest citrus fruit splitting is a physiological disorder that causes significant damage to producers of susceptible cultivars by reducing the amount of crop available on the market. Proper management of tree nutrition and paying special attention to the three key elements of potassium, calcium, and boron, which are involved in the strength of cell walls and fruit peel flexibility, can be effective in reducing the fruit splitting severity. Therefore, an experiment has been carried out in the Ramsar (Citrus and Subtropical Fruits Research Center) during 2018 and 2019 to investigate the effects of foliar application of 1.0% potassium nitrate, 1.0% calcium nitrate, and 0.5% boric acid at the end of June drop on reducing the severity of splitting and some fruit traits of Page mandarin. This study is performed according to a combined analysis in time with two factors including years of experimentation and different treatments of foliar application of nutrients, based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The results show that the treatments especially 1.0% potassium nitrate have reduced pre-harvest fruit splitting, increased the yield, and improved the quantitative and qualitative fruit traits. However, they have had no significant effect on the activity of polygalacturonase enzyme, cell density of blossom-end, and navel diameter. Overall, foliar application of nutrients, especially 1.0% potassium nitrate, could be suggested as an effective approach to control pre-harvest fruit splitting and boost the quantity and quality of page mandarin fruit.
Dariush Atashkar; Adel Pyrayesh; maryam Dodangh Balakhani; Amir Taghizadeh
Abstract
This study has been performed to compare DAT1, a new mid-season apple genotype, with summer apple cultivars including ‘Gala’, ‘Golab-e-Kohanz’, ‘Shafi Abadi’, and ‘Golab-e-Isfahan’ grafted on M9, MM106, and MM111 during two consecutive years in Kamalshahr ...
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This study has been performed to compare DAT1, a new mid-season apple genotype, with summer apple cultivars including ‘Gala’, ‘Golab-e-Kohanz’, ‘Shafi Abadi’, and ‘Golab-e-Isfahan’ grafted on M9, MM106, and MM111 during two consecutive years in Kamalshahr Research Station. The experiments use a factorial design, arranged in a Random Complete Block Design with 3 replicates. Results show that the impacts of cultivars, rootstocks, and their interactions has been significant (P≤0.01) on growth characteristics, having the highest values in ‘Golab-e-Kohanz’ and ‘Golab-e-Isfahan’ grafted on MM111, with 92 and 91.7 cm respectively, while the lowest value occurs in DAT1, grafted on M9 with 53.7 cm. the highest yield is found in ‘Golab-e-Isfahan’, ‘Golab-e-Kohanz’, and DAT1 grafted on MM106 and MM111 with 22.50, 20.05, and 18.4 kg, respectively. The largest fruits belong to DAT1, being 211.80 gr, and the smallest ones are grown on ‘Golab-e-Isfahan’ and ‘Golab-e-Kohanz’ with 75.50 and 69.55 gr, respectively. Regarding flesh firmness, the hardest and softest fruits turn out to be ‘Gala’ grafted on M9 and DAT1 on MM106, being 5.8 Kg/cm2 and 3.7 Kg/cm2, respectively. The maximum soluble solids (18.5%) has been ‘Gala’ grafted on all three rootstocks and the lowest one (11.5%), ‘Golab-e-Isfahan’ grafted on MM111. The maximum acidity of fruit juice has been found in DAT1 grafted on MM106 with 0.68% and the lowest one in ‘Golab-e-Isfahan’ grafted on MM106 with 022%.
Rasol Heydarnejad; Zahra Ghahremani; Taher Barzegar; Vali Rabiei
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of harvest time and duration of storage on the fruit quality and storage longevity of physalis )Physalis angulate L.(, an experiment was carried out based on completely randomized design (CRD), with three replications in 2016. Factors were three fruit harvest stages (mature green, ...
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To evaluate the effects of harvest time and duration of storage on the fruit quality and storage longevity of physalis )Physalis angulate L.(, an experiment was carried out based on completely randomized design (CRD), with three replications in 2016. Factors were three fruit harvest stages (mature green, yellowish green, and yellow) and storage times (0 (harvest time), 10, 20, 30 days). The results showed that different harvest times and storage durations had significant effects on the fruit quality indices and storage longevity. The highest value of flavor and fruit color index, vitamin C (201.54 mg) and total soluble solids (TSS) (7.6 percent of brix) contents were obtained in the fruit harvested at the yellow stage under 10 days storage duration, and with longer storage duration reduced vitamin C and TSS contents. The maximum titratable acidity (1.71 mg/100gr) and pH of fruit were observed at the mature green stage in harvest time. Chart differences color in storage was accompanied by an upward trend in the amount of mature green fruit significantly different than the fruit was yellowish green and yellow. According to the results, because of climacteric nature of physalis fruits, gradual ripening and fruit color change, harvesting of fruit at mature green stage increased the storage life up to 30 days at 15 °C compared to other fruits harvested times.
Malihe Akrami Abarghoei; Abdolrahman Mohammadkhani; Gholamreza Rabiei
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of some bio-stimulators on yield and fruit quality of apricot cv. ‘Shekar pareh’ management functions were studied in the spring of 2014 in Abarkouh of Yazd province. The experiment was based on randomized complete blocks design with seven nutritional treatments ...
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In order to evaluate the effect of some bio-stimulators on yield and fruit quality of apricot cv. ‘Shekar pareh’ management functions were studied in the spring of 2014 in Abarkouh of Yazd province. The experiment was based on randomized complete blocks design with seven nutritional treatments included control (water spraying), humic acid one and two per thousand, aminol forte three and six per thousand and humi forte 0.5 and 1 per thousand in four replications. Bio stimulators were applied just spray twice during the growth period including two weeks after full bloom and a month after it. Results showed that the bio-stimulators effects significantly affected the measured traits except for the titratable acidity (based on malic acid), firmness and maturity index. Humic acid treatment reduced physical properties, total soluble solids and vitamin C. Aminol Forte with three per thousand concentrations increased most of the physical and chemical characteristics, but three per thousand to six per thousand concentrations had the effect of decreasing. Humi forte also increases fruit's carotenoid and vitamin C. Therefore, it seems that between treatments, aminol forte bio-stimulator enhanced yield and improve the quality of apricot fruit. Therefore, it can be recommended to spraing of aminol forte with three per thousand concentrations at the suitable time.
Akram Vatankhah; Abdolrahman Mohammadkhani; Sadollah Hooshmand3; Shahram Kiani
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of humic acid and Zn on the grape yield and mineral concentration, a factorial experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The study was done on 20 years old grapevines in the Farsan region from Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari ...
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In order to evaluate the effect of humic acid and Zn on the grape yield and mineral concentration, a factorial experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The study was done on 20 years old grapevines in the Farsan region from Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province in 2013-2014. Each of the factors, humic acid and zinc sulfate, were applied in three levels zero, 0.1 and 0.2 weight percent, in two periods including before of flowering and two weeks after full bloom. Results showed humic acid, zinc sulfate and their interaction effects significantly affected on fruit yield, concentration of nitrogen, iron and zinc and also leaf chlorophyll content. The highest fruit yield (8.31 kg per shrub) and the lowest fruit yield (6.12 kg per shrub) obtained in humic acid 0.2 percent and control treatments, respectively. The highest leaf zinc element (49.1 mg per kg dry leaf) obtained in 0.2 present zinc sulfate. Also the results showed positive correlation between zinc concentration and some index such as fruit yield (r = 0.46), cluster weight (r = 0.45), total leaf chlorophyll (r = 0.53) and fruit TSS (r = 0.49). Based on these results, it seems to enhance the yield and improve the quality of grapes, spraying humic acid and zinc sulphate at a concentration of 0.2 percent each to be useful.
Nabi Hadavand; Ahmad Ershadi; Rohollah Karimi; Alireza Talaei; Mohammad Ali Askari Sarcheshmeh
Abstract
High-density planting system is one of the effective methods for improving production and profitability of tree orchards. In this research, the effects of four planting densities (1904, 2666, 3137 and 4800 tree/ha) on annual shoot growth, Physicochemical properties of fruit and leaf mineral contents ...
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High-density planting system is one of the effective methods for improving production and profitability of tree orchards. In this research, the effects of four planting densities (1904, 2666, 3137 and 4800 tree/ha) on annual shoot growth, Physicochemical properties of fruit and leaf mineral contents of apple (Malus domestica Borkh cv ‘Granny Smith’) tree grafted on M26 clonal rootstock were studied in randomized complete block design with four treatments and four replications in College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, during 2009-2010. Based on results, planting density significantly affected some qualitative characteristics such as fruit length, fruit diameter, total soluble solid, fruit dry matter, fruit ash and sun scald, but no significant effect on fruit weight, fruit L/D ratio, TA and tenacity were observed. Planting density significantly affected the leaf N and Fe concentrations. The highest N (1.81 percent) and Cu (39 µg/kg) the lowest Fe of leaves (237 µg/kg) was observed with 1904 tree/ha. Although, planting density had no significant effect on other mineral elements, but with increasing the planting density, leaf P, K, Mg and Mn content increased, but, Ca and Cu decreased. Increasing in N and Fe was associated with a decrease and increase of current seasonal shoot growth, respectively. Likewise, trees with higher crop tend to have more N and less Fe. These results showed that, under Iran climatic condition, with increasing in planting density of apple orchardit can be produced higher fruit crop without decrease in its quality parameters.
Jafar Hajilou; Mohammad Asadollahi; Shabnam Fakhimrezaei; Gholamreza Dehghan
Abstract
In order to determine the effects of Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) on thinning intensive and fruit qualitative and anti-oxidant characteristics in two peach cultivars, an experiment was conducted in Research Station in Agriculture at the University of Tabriz in 2013 The experiment was arranged as factorial ...
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In order to determine the effects of Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) on thinning intensive and fruit qualitative and anti-oxidant characteristics in two peach cultivars, an experiment was conducted in Research Station in Agriculture at the University of Tabriz in 2013 The experiment was arranged as factorial based on randomized complete block design in three replications in 'Anjiry maleki' and 'Kosary' cultivars. Treatments in four levels (0, 20, 40 and 60 ppm) after 14 days from full bloom when fruitlet diameter was 8-12 mm on selected branch was applied. Results showed that all treatments, caused effective thinning fruit in each two cultivars while in 'Kosary' cultivar abscission percentage was higher than 'Anjiry maleki'. All hormone concentrations were caused increasing length, diameter, vitamin C, pH, total solution soiled (TSS) in two cultivars. Amount of the fruit firmness was not significantly between control and hormone levels. For the both studied cultivars, the highest antioxidant activity belonged to NAA treatment in 40 mg/L concentration. Although, the NAA treatment in different concentrations had no significant effect on total phenol and flavonoid contents of fruit juice, it was improved fruit quality and thinning intensive in two peach cultivars.