Parisa Karami; farzad mondani; Rozhin Ghobadi
Abstract
Objective: Water deficit stress can be considered one of the most important abiotic stresses, and due to its great impact on the performance of various plants, a large part of agricultural planning is related to it. Therefore, the aims of this investigation were to evaluate effects of irrigation levels ...
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Objective: Water deficit stress can be considered one of the most important abiotic stresses, and due to its great impact on the performance of various plants, a large part of agricultural planning is related to it. Therefore, the aims of this investigation were to evaluate effects of irrigation levels on some eco-physiological traits and grain yield of some current corn hybrids under Kermanshah regions.Methods: A split plot experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in the research farm of the Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources of the Razi University in 2018. The main factor was irrigation regimes (IR) which included supplying 130, 100, 70% water requirement (IR130%, IR100% and IR70% respectively), and the sub factor comprised maize hybrids (SC704, Simon and BC678). Regardless of the type of treatments, the irrigation was carried out immediately after seed sowing and preferably until the six-leaf development stage, and then the irrigation treatment started. The evaluated traits included development stages, yield and yield components, and water use efficiency. To analyze the data extracted from this study, first the normality test of the data was performed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov method, then the normalization of non-normal data was performed using the Box-Cox method using the Minitab software (version 16). For variance analysis and comparison of means, the LSD test was used at the 5% level using the SAS software (version 9.4).Results: Results showed in the IR70%, length of developmental stages decreased with the reduction of water content, but reaction of developmental stages was different among hybrids. The highest total dry weight (16.96 ton ha-1) and grain yield (7.43 ton ha-1) were observed in IR130%, with a decrease of 30 and 60% in the amount of irrigation water, total dry weight decreased by 18.0 and 28.1%, and grain yield decreased by 15.5 and 39.8%, respectively. Total dry weight of SC704 and Simon hybrids in response to irrigation levels was relatively similar and higher than the BC678 hybrid. However, grain yield of the Simon hybrid was higher than that of the other hybrids. The highest (0.83 g mm-1) and lowest (0.66 g mm-1) grain yield of water use efficiency was related to Simon and BC678 hybrids, respectively. Simon hybrid had higher grain yield and water use efficiency. Irrigation levels had no significant effect on water use efficiency.Conclusion: Overall, the results showed that the Simon hybrid had higher grain yield and water use efficiency. The irrigation levels did not affect water use efficiency, indicating that the response of this trait to the irrigation levels was the same, which can be very important for the optimal use and saving of water consumption. Therefore, according to the results of this study, cultivation of Simon hybrid under optimal irrigation conditions for the climatic conditions of Kermanshah is recommended.
Madineh Bijani; Saeid Soufizadeh; Amir Hossein Shirani rad; Hamid Jabbari
Abstract
Objective: Available water for irrigation of canola decreases towards the end of the season, due to reduced rainfall and the simultaneous late-season irrigation for other spring crops. Therefore, the possibility of the plant facing drought stress in the final stages of growth is very likely. So, it is ...
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Objective: Available water for irrigation of canola decreases towards the end of the season, due to reduced rainfall and the simultaneous late-season irrigation for other spring crops. Therefore, the possibility of the plant facing drought stress in the final stages of growth is very likely. So, it is very important to select drought-tolerant genotypes in arid and semi-arid regions.Methods: Therefore, to investigate oilseed rape cultivars under Late-season drought stress, a split-plot experiment was conducted in a complete randomized blocks design with four replications for two cultivation years (2017–2019) in Karaj agricultural research station. Treatments included three drought stress (full irrigation, withholding irrigation from the pod formation stage, and flowering stage) as main plots and five oilseed rape cultivars (Sarigol, RGS003, Hayola 401, Zafar, and Dalgan) as sub-plots.Results: The results revealed that drought stress, especially from withholding irrigation from the flowering stage led to a significant decrease in 1000-seed weight, number of silique per plant, number of seeds per silique, seed yield, oil percentage, oil yield, length of the growing duration, water use efficiency. Under full irrigation, Delgan and Zafar cultivars, and under drought stress, RGS 003 and Delgan cultivars had the highest seed yield.Conclusion: RGS 003 and Delgan cultivars can be recommended as suitable cultivars in late season drought stress conditions in Karaj.
Hossin Shamsi Mahmodabadi; Vahdat Barkhordari; Esmaiel Moghboli Damaneh
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different deficit-irrigation methods on forage yield, quality and water use efficiency of alfalfa under different water applications in agricultural research center of Jiroft provinceMethods: The field experiment was carried out in split ...
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Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different deficit-irrigation methods on forage yield, quality and water use efficiency of alfalfa under different water applications in agricultural research center of Jiroft provinceMethods: The field experiment was carried out in split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications for two years in agricultural and natural resources research center of Jiroft. Experimental treatments include three types of irrigation systems (Flooding Irrigation (FI), Subsurface tap irrigation (STI), and subsurface drip irrigation (SDI)) and four levels of irrigation (I100: replenishment of 100 Percent of plant water requirements, I90: replenishment of 90 Percent of plant requirements, I80: replenishment of 80 Percent of plant water requirements, and I70: replenishment of 70 Percent of plant water requirements).Results: The results showed an irrigation level of 70 percent of plant water requirements decreased NDF, CP (31 Percent) and dry forage yield. Irrigation methods and drought stress resulted in a significant reduction in fresh forage yield, water use efficiency, ASH (percent). The highest fresh forage yield, ASH (percent) were obtained by 100 percent of plant water requirements× Subsurface tap irrigation (STI). The highest Fresh forage yield water use efficiency obtained by 70 percent of plant water requirements × Subsurface drip tap irrigation (STI).Conclusion: In the conditions of drought and low irrigation levels, for achieving higher water use efficiency, it is suggested to use subsurface drip irrigation method. The subsurface drip irrigation system can decrease the negative effects of water stress on plants.
Mansour Fazeli Rostampour; Seyyed Gholamreza Moosavi; Hasan Romenjani; shahram mehri; Abouzar Abouzari
Abstract
Due to hot and dry climates of South Khorasan province, it is quite vital to choose the suitable crop and planting date. In this condition, pearl millet nutrifeed hybrid (Pennisetum americanum var. nutrifeed) can be a valuable forage in rotation with other plants. This experiment is carried out in 2017-2018 ...
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Due to hot and dry climates of South Khorasan province, it is quite vital to choose the suitable crop and planting date. In this condition, pearl millet nutrifeed hybrid (Pennisetum americanum var. nutrifeed) can be a valuable forage in rotation with other plants. This experiment is carried out in 2017-2018 in strip split plots design in time in Azad University research field, Birjand. The treatments include 4 sowing dates (April 8, April 28, May 18, and June 7), 3 irrigation regimes (providing 100%, 75%, and 50% of the plant’s water needs based on the plant potential evatranspiration), and two cuttings in a completely random blocks design with three replications. The highest water use efficiency is observed when providing 50% of water needs on April 8, along with the first and second cuttings. Following the delay in planting date from April 8 to June 7, the forage dry matter yield of millet decreases by 24.4% when it is supplied with 100% of its water needs. This decrease is 24.2 and 46.9, in case of supplying 75% and 50% of water needs, respectively. Therefore, by supplying 75% of pearl millet water needs and planting it on April 8, with a 25% reserve of water consumption, the dry matter yield is acceptable.
yaghoob habibzadeh; Sakineh Abdi; roya abedi
Abstract
For evaluation and zoning of sugar beet susceptible areas based on cultivation systems and irrigation regimes, a research has been conducted as a nested design in West Azarbaijan Province in 2017-2018. For this purpose, 11 counties have been used. In each county, based on the climate three villages have ...
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For evaluation and zoning of sugar beet susceptible areas based on cultivation systems and irrigation regimes, a research has been conducted as a nested design in West Azarbaijan Province in 2017-2018. For this purpose, 11 counties have been used. In each county, based on the climate three villages have been visited, wherein three famers have been selected in random to complete the prepared questionnaires and take the samples. The measured traits from each field includes root yield, percent and yield of sugar, used water, water conservation, and water use efficiency in different cropping and irrigation systems. Geographic Information System (GIS) has been used for zoning and determining their susceptible areas. Results show that among the counties of the province, Piranshahr and Naghadeh have had the highest sugar content and yield with Piranshahr being introduced as the most susceptible counties, due to its lowest used water in modern irrigation and cultivation systems (60×40 and autumn) and highest water use efficiency in modern irrigation system and and 60 × 40 autumn cultivation systems. Based on the zoning, Piranshahr, Naghadeh, Khoy, Oshnaviyeh, Mahabad, Miandoab, and Bukan have had the most susceptible areas and Showt, Salmas, Urmia, and Shahindej have been unsuitable areas in this province for cultivation of this plant. Given the importance of water in sugar beet production, these counties, especially Showt, are not recommended for producing this plant.
tayebe rostami; Saeideh Maleki Farahani
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of mycorrhiza and surfactant on forage characteristics of corn (Zea mays L.) under deficit irrigation condition, a split plot factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replication at the Research Farm of Agricultural College, ...
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In order to investigate the effect of mycorrhiza and surfactant on forage characteristics of corn (Zea mays L.) under deficit irrigation condition, a split plot factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replication at the Research Farm of Agricultural College, Shahed University, Iran in 2016. The experimental treatments included irrigation at three levels of 30, 60 and 90 percent available soil water depilation as a main factor and inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus etunicatum, G. intraradices and G. mossea) at two levels (inoculation and no inoculation with mycorrhizal) and treatment of surfactant solution containing two levels (Application of surfactant and non-use of surfactant solution) as sub factors. Results showed that with increasing depletion of available soil water, application of mycorrhizal fungi increased crude protein percentage (CP), water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and acid detergent fibre (ADF), increased by 39.24, 30.64 and 39 percent respectively. Application of surfactant on percentage NDF was not significant. As deficit irrigation stress increased, dry weight of forage decreased and highest dry weight of forage (400 gr/plant) was observed under normal irrigation conditions and application of surfactant and mycorrhiza. The results also showed that by increasing the amount of available water discharge, application of surfactant and inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi increased water use efficiency 97 percent in compare to control.
shahram omidvari; Nader Salamati; Samad Abdi
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of irrigation regime and biofertilizers on yield and yield components of irrigated wheat, an experiment was conducted in a split-plot layout based on randomized complete block design with three replications at Sarab Changai research station, Khoramabad, during 2014-2015 ...
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In order to investigate the effect of irrigation regime and biofertilizers on yield and yield components of irrigated wheat, an experiment was conducted in a split-plot layout based on randomized complete block design with three replications at Sarab Changai research station, Khoramabad, during 2014-2015 crop year. Irrigation intervals were in two levels including 75 and 150 mm evaporation from A class evaporation pan were allocated to main plots and biological fertilizers were in four levels including Azotobacter, Micorhiza, Azotobacter + Micorhiza and blank (No fertilizer use) were allocated to sub plots. The results showed that the effect of Irrigation intervals, biological fertilizer and their interaction effects on determined characteristics are significant. 75 mm evaporation from A class evaporation pan was superior than the 150 mm evaporation in all traits. In 75 mm evaporation spike length (7%), spike weight (7.7%), grain number in spike(6.7%), Weight of one thousand grains (7.3%), grain yield(7.1%), biological yield(7.4%) were higher than 150 mm evaporation. Azotobacter + Micorhiza fertilizer treatment was superior to other fertilizer treatments. So that In this treatment the spike length was 28.6%, spike weight 48.3%, number of seeds per spike 56.9%, 1000 grain weight 39.8%, grain yield 54.4%, biological yield 51.3% and water use efficiency 55.7% were increased than blank.
Jasem Parkhideh; Taher Barzegar; Fattemeh Nekonam; Jafar Nikbakht
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of deficit irrigation stress on growth, yield and physiological traits of bitter apple (Citrullus colocynthis), the experiment was conducted with three replications. Irrigation levels were 100% ETc and two deficit irrigation 70% and 50% ETc. The results showed that deficit irrigation ...
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To evaluate the effect of deficit irrigation stress on growth, yield and physiological traits of bitter apple (Citrullus colocynthis), the experiment was conducted with three replications. Irrigation levels were 100% ETc and two deficit irrigation 70% and 50% ETc. The results showed that deficit irrigation stress significantly reduced growth and fruit yield. The lowest leaf area, plant length, fruit number per plant and fruit yield was obtained in deficit irrigation 50% ETc. Relative water content and chlorophyll content significantly decreased in response to increase in deficit irrigation stress. The increase in deficit irrigation stress resulted in higher peroxidase activity, electrolyte leakage and proline accumulation, although there was no significant difference between irrigation 100 and 70% ETc. Deficit irrigation 70% ETc saved 30% of irrigation water with a 15.5% reduction in fruit yield, so caused 16.8% increase in water use efficiency. Therefore, under limited irrigation water, it is recommended to irrigate bitter apple plants at 70% ETc irrigation to produce not only the same yields, approximately, but also to save more of water as compared to 100% ETc treatment.
Zeinab Azizi; Taher Barzegar; Zahra Ghahremani
Abstract
The effect of salicylic acid (SA) and humic acid (HA) were evaluated on yield, fruit quality and water use efficiency of melon "Zard Jalali" accession under water deficit stress condition. This experiment was carried out as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replicates at ...
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The effect of salicylic acid (SA) and humic acid (HA) were evaluated on yield, fruit quality and water use efficiency of melon "Zard Jalali" accession under water deficit stress condition. This experiment was carried out as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replicates at the research filed of University of Zanjan during 2015. Treatments consisted arrangement of 7 foliar application levels [Control, H (25, 50, 75 mg/L) and SA (0.5, 1, 1.5 mM)] and three irrigation levels (starting irrigation at 100, 70 and 40% ETc). The results showed that irrigation had significant effects on yield and fruit quality. The lowest fruit weight (1.956 kg), number of fruits per plant (1.5), plant yield (2.91 kg), fruit firmness (4.67 kg/cm2), chlorophyll content (0.11 mg/100g FW) and the highest fruit flesh percent (%75) and water use efficiency (16.43 kg/ m3) were obtained in water deficit stress 40% ETc. Also, maximum fruit number and fruit yield per plant was obtained using H 75 mg/l and the highest value of fruit flesh (62.13%) was observed in treatment of SA 1.5 mM. Totally, that highest fruit yield (7.79 kg/plant) and TSS (11.31%) was obtained in SA 1 mM and H 0.25 mg/l, respectively under irrigation 100 ETc%. According to the results, application of HA and SA enhanced the fruit yield and quality under water deficit conditions.
Maryam Jafari; Abdolhossein Rezaei Nejad; Mohammad Feizian
Abstract
This research was carried out to evaluate the effect of super-absorbent and manure on growth, yield, physiological and biochemical characteristics of geranium under deficit irrigation at research greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Iran, in 2014. The experiment was arranged factorially ...
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This research was carried out to evaluate the effect of super-absorbent and manure on growth, yield, physiological and biochemical characteristics of geranium under deficit irrigation at research greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Iran, in 2014. The experiment was arranged factorially based on a completely randomized design with six replications. Factor A was substrate consisted of control, 1 and 2 percent super-absorbent, or 25 percent manure and factor B was irrigation with 3, 5 or 7 d interval. The results showed that as irrigation frequency decreased, plant growth and oil yield decreased and oil content, malondialdehyde, proline, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase increased. Both manure and super-absorbent improved plant growth, physiological and biochemical characteristics under deficit irrigation. However, the effects of manure were more pronounced, so that the values for most characteristics, like, leaf area, plant fresh and dry weight and oil content of plants grown in substrate including manure irrigated with 7d interval were the same as those of control plants irrigated with 3d interval. The highest water use efficiency for oil production was found in plants grown in substrate including manure in all irrigation frequencies as well as plants grown in substrate including two percent super-absorbent irrigated with 7d interval. According to these results and due to abundance, cheapness and environmental sustainability, using 25 percent in volume manure in substrate could be recommended to increase water use efficiency.