saman valizadeh; mashalah danshvar; Sajjad Rahimi-Moghaddam; Abas Almoderes
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the potential for increasing the yield and quality of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) by utilizing nanochelates in low irrigation conditions.Method: This experiment was conducted using split plots with three repetitions over two years, 2016-2017 and 2017-2018. The ...
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Objective: To investigate the potential for increasing the yield and quality of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) by utilizing nanochelates in low irrigation conditions.Method: This experiment was conducted using split plots with three repetitions over two years, 2016-2017 and 2017-2018. The irrigation regime was compared at two levels: 90% (normal irrigation) and 50% (deficient irrigation) of the field capacity in the main plots. Additionally, foliar spraying of Khazra iron nano chelate fertilizer was applied at five levels of 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 per thousand in the secondary plots. At the end, the characteristics of leaf relative water content, photosynthesis and transpiration rate, mesophyll conductance, the amount of photosynthetic pigments chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, biological yield, seed yield and harvest index were evaluated. Photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate and mesophyll conductance were measured using a photosynthesizer (model CI-304 made in America) during the flowering stage on the youngest fully opened leaf between 10 am and 2 pm. Chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid levels were measured through randomly sampling mature leaves and extracting them using acetone.Results: The interaction between irrigation and iron nano-fertilizer (INF) had a significant impact on transpiration rate, mesophilic conductance, chlorophyll b, carotenoid content, and grain yield at a 1% significance level, and on biological yield at a 5% significance level. The application of iron nano chelate helped alleviate the negative effects of water deficit on grain yield traits, biological performance, chlorophyll b and carotenoid pigments, transpiration rate and mesophilic conductance. The combined effects of irrigation and fertilizer on mesophilic conductivity showed that there was no significant difference between irrigation regimes at 50% and 90% of field capacity for any levels of iron fertilizer except at the 4 per thousand level. Similarly, when comparing the interactive effects of water and fertilizer on transpiration rate and chlorophyll b characteristics of the plant, similar results were observed with mesophilic guidance. The use of 4 parts per thousand iron nano-fertilizer increased biological yield under 50% field capacity irrigation compared to the same irrigation without iron nano-fertilizer. Furthermore, grain yield in the 50% field capacity irrigation was 17% higher with iron nano-fertilizer application compared to without it.Conclusions: The foliar application of nano-chelated iron fertilizer, combined with irrigation at 50% of field capacity and a concentration of 4 per thousand of this fertilizer, is considered the most effective treatment for sweet sorghum in regions with deficiently irrigated conditions.
Naser Samsami; Ali Nakhzari Moghaddam; Ali Rahemi Karizaki; Esmaeil Gholinezhad
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of drought stress and inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobium bacteria on quality and quantity of soybean yield, an experiment was conducted as a split-plot factorial in a RCBD with three replications at research farm of Agricultural Highschool of Urmia during ...
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In order to investigate the effect of drought stress and inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobium bacteria on quality and quantity of soybean yield, an experiment was conducted as a split-plot factorial in a RCBD with three replications at research farm of Agricultural Highschool of Urmia during 2017 cropping season. Main plot was drought stress including optimum irrigation, moderate drought stress and severe drought stress and sub plots were mycorrhizal fungi in three levels (without mycorrhiza and inoculation with Glomus mosseae and G. intraradices) and Rhizobium japonicum in two levels (without inoculation and inoculation with R. japonicum). In response to moderate drought stress, protein percentage increased but increasing severity of drought stress reduced protein and oil percent. Irrigation along with inoculation with mycorhizal fungi specially G. mosseae enhanced number of seeds per plant, protein percentage and protein yield. Under three irrigation conditions, inoculation with bacteria compared to non-inoculation led to increase seed yield, oil yield and protein yield. Inoculation with bacteria and mycorhizal fungi increased seed yield and oil yield. Study of correlation coefficient showed that there was a positive and significant correlation between seed yield with 1000-seed weight, number of seeds per plant, oil and protein yield. According to the results of this research, using mycorrhiza G. mosseae and inoculation with R. japonicum can have a positive effect on the quantitative and qualitative traits of soybeans.
Najmeh Jami; Seyed Mohsen Mousavi Nik; Mahdi Naghizadeh
Abstract
To study the effects of drought stress and foliar application with salicylic acid on yield andit’s components and percentage of essential oil of Nigella sativa L., a field experiment was conducted as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications at research farm of ...
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To study the effects of drought stress and foliar application with salicylic acid on yield andit’s components and percentage of essential oil of Nigella sativa L., a field experiment was conducted as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications at research farm of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman during growing season of 2013- 2014. The main factor was drought that included in three levels: no tension (90 percent field capacity), moderate tension (70 percent field capacity) and severe tension (50 percent field capacity). The other factor included four concentrations of salicylic acid: zero (foliar application with distilled water), 5, 10 and 15 Micro molar salicylic acid for foliar application. The results showed that there were significant differences between traits including: the number of grains per plant, 1000 seeds weight, harvest index, essential oil and grain yield with applying drought and salicylic acid. The foliar application with salicylic acid (10 Mm) caused increasing 79.05 percent on the grain yield. The interaction of salicylic acid and drought stress on the number of grains in folicules, the percentage of essential oil and biological yield was significant. The interaction of third level of salicylic acid and moderate drought stress caused increasing 150 percent in essential oil. Therefore to obtain the maximum biological yield, the number of grains in folicules and essential oil percentage on drought condition, we can apply third level of SA (S3 = 10 Mm) and moderate irrigation in black cumin that is economic in arid places.
somayeh karami; Seyed Ali Mohammad Modarres-Sanavy; Faezeh Ghanati; MEHRDAD Moradi
Abstract
In order to study the effects of water deficit stress and zinc foliar application on yield, seed quality, seed vigor and zinc content of different organs of soybean cultivars, an experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design arrangement as a split factorial with three replications. Main ...
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In order to study the effects of water deficit stress and zinc foliar application on yield, seed quality, seed vigor and zinc content of different organs of soybean cultivars, an experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design arrangement as a split factorial with three replications. Main factor was three levels of drought stress (non stress, water stress in vegetative growth stage (S1) and water stress in flowering stage (S2)) and subordinate factor was combination of foliar zinc application and cultivar. Foliar zinc application in three levels (non foliar application, water foliar application and zinc sulfate (5000 ppm)) foliar application and two cultivars (‘L17’ and ‘Clarck 63’) were used in this experiment. Results showed that traits were affected by treatments. Water deficit stress in both vegetative and reproductive stages caused to decrease the yield, zinc content of organs, seed protein and oil percentage and seed vigor, but hard seed percentage were increased to 189 and 472 in S1 and S2, respectively. ‘Clark 63’ was desirable under water deficit stress. The highest yield reduction was observed for stress treatment at the reproductive growth stage. Zinc sulfate foliar application increased the yield, zinc content of seed, seed protein percentage and seedling vigor 34, 26, five and 38 percent, respectively, but decreased seed oil percentage and hard seed percentage four and 58, respectively. Zinc foliar application was more effective in yield increment of ‘L17’ than ‘Clarck 63’.