Ebrahim Morshedi; MOHAMMAD HOOSAIN GHARINEH; Ahmad Kochekzadeh; Abdol Mehdi Bakhshandeh
Abstract
An experiment is conducted to evaluate effect of Bacillus and Pseudomonas on Quantitative and Qualitative Yield and malting efficiency of different Barley cultivars in rainfed conditions in a farm of Ilam Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center in 2017 and 2018. The experiment is factorial ...
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An experiment is conducted to evaluate effect of Bacillus and Pseudomonas on Quantitative and Qualitative Yield and malting efficiency of different Barley cultivars in rainfed conditions in a farm of Ilam Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center in 2017 and 2018. The experiment is factorial according to randomized complete blocks design with four replications. Three cultivars (namely, Behrokh, Grace, and Sararoud1 as first and seed inoculated with growth-promoting bacteria) and Fertilizer at eight levels (including the control, complete fertilizer (Field recommendation), Pseudomonas bacteria, Bacillus bacteria, combination of Pseudomonas and Bacillus bacteria, Pseudomonas bacteria + half fertilizer, Bacillus bacteria + half fertilizer and combination of Pseudomonas and Bacillus bacteria + half fertilizer) are considered second factor. The results show that all the studied traits (with the exception of malting efficiency) addition main effect, are significantly affected by year interaction in cultivar in fertilizer treatment, but malting efficiency is influenced by interaction cultivar in fertilizer treatments. Heights number of seeds per spike, number of spikes per m-2, and grain yield are recorded by a combination of Pseudomonas and Bacillus bacteria + half fertilizer under garis cultivar with means 31, 390 and 5294 kg/h in 2018 and 35, 400 and 6222 kg/h respectively. Maximum malting efficiency (95.5 %) has also been observed in the combination of Pseudomonas and Bacillus bacteria + half fertilizer under Behrokh.
Mohsen Roshdi; Mohammad kazemalilou; Solmaz Kazemalilou
Abstract
The row spacing and planting density are important factors in yield of red bean. In this regard the effects of plant density and weed control methods on grain protein yield of red bean have been studied via a field study as a factorial based on complete randomized blocks design with three replications ...
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The row spacing and planting density are important factors in yield of red bean. In this regard the effects of plant density and weed control methods on grain protein yield of red bean have been studied via a field study as a factorial based on complete randomized blocks design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Station of Khoy during 2018. Plant density is at three levels (20, 25, and 30 plants per m2) and weed control methods are at four levels (lack of control, selective herbicide (Bentazon), general herbicide (paraquat), and manual control). Results show that the interaction effect of plant density and weed control methods has been significant on the number of lateral branches, number of pods per plant, 100-grain weight, grain yield, harvest index, and grain protein yield, though without any significant effect on the number of grain per pod. The highest number of pods per plant (26) is obtained at the density of 20 plants per m2 and manual weeding. The highest seed yield and seed protein yield, 3391 and 841 kg ha-1 belong to the density of 30 plants per m2 and manual weeding, respectively. The interference of weeds can also affect crop production quality by altering the grains composition such as protein. It can be achieved to optimum yield in red bean by increasing the competitive ability of the crop through the selection of optimal density (30 plants per m2) in combination with manual weeding.
nazpare shohlibor rodgazi; Mehdi Dahmardeh; issa khammari; ziba sorinezami
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of soluble time and molybdenum nanoparticles by chemical and green chemistry on morph-physiological indices of mung bean, the present research has been conducted in a factorial experiment, in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications at Agricultural ...
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In order to evaluate the effect of soluble time and molybdenum nanoparticles by chemical and green chemistry on morph-physiological indices of mung bean, the present research has been conducted in a factorial experiment, in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications at Agricultural Research Institute University of Zabol in 2017. The experiment includes 4 levels of treatments: (Molybdenum nanoparticles of plant origin, chemical origin, plant and chemical composition, and control), as the primary factor and spraying time in 2 levels (Step 4 leaf and Step 6 leaf) as the secondary one. The plant density of mung bean has been 33 plants/m2 with the irrigation being performed twice a week. The maximum plant height (47.5 cm), biological yield (5287 kg ha-1), economic yield (634kg ha-1), number of seeds in pod (8), carotenoid, and chlorophyll a and b occur from Step 4-6 and the application of mixed molybdenum nanoparticles. Results from the experiment show that the highest seed protein (40%) has been obtained from plant nanoparticles as well as the 4-leaf stage. Micronutrient can be an effective management solution for production of agricultural products. The results also show that the application of chemical and vegetable molybdenum nanoparticles at 6- leaf stage increase mung bean traits.
Sodabeh Reza Beighi; Ehsan Bijanzadeh
Abstract
In order to study the effect of silicon on biochemical traits, leaf relative water content and yield of two bread and durum wheat cultivars under late season water stress conditions, a split factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design was conducted in three replicates during 2017-2018 ...
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In order to study the effect of silicon on biochemical traits, leaf relative water content and yield of two bread and durum wheat cultivars under late season water stress conditions, a split factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design was conducted in three replicates during 2017-2018 growing season. Treatments included of water stress in two levels included normal irrigation and water stress at the end of flowering, silicon (Si) spraying at 0, 1, 2, and 3 mM and two wheat cultivars consisted of Chamran as bread wheat and Shabrang as durum wheat. The results showed that the main effects of late seasonal water stress, cultivar and silicon on leaf relative water content (RWC), total chlorophyll, carotenoid content and yield were significant. Under water stress conditions, when plants exposed to 3 mM silicon RWC increased 50% compared to no silicon application conditions. Grain protein under water stress conditions and 3 mM silicon was 59.3% higher than no silicon condition. Also, total chlorophyll content and carotenoid content under water stress conditions and application of 3 mM silicon increased 42.5 and 44.9%, respectively. In Chamran cultivar, application of silicon at 3 mM increased total chlorophyll content, carotenoid content, RWC and grain protein 40, 43, 42 and 56.4%, respectively, which caused 19.7% increase in grain yield compared to Shabrang cultivar under water stress conditions. In general, foliar application of 3 mM silicon by improving total chlorophyll content, carotenoid content and RWC can play an important role in increasing yield under water stress conditions.
Azimeh Bagheri; Ataalah Siadat; Ahmad Koochekzadeh; Mohammad Reza Moradi Telavat; Masoud Rafiee
Abstract
In order to investigate the physiological responses of chickpea cultivars to supplemental irrigation and super-absorbent polymer use, an experiment was conducted in 2015 using a split factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design in the research farm of Khorramabad Agricultural Research ...
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In order to investigate the physiological responses of chickpea cultivars to supplemental irrigation and super-absorbent polymer use, an experiment was conducted in 2015 using a split factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design in the research farm of Khorramabad Agricultural Research Center. Factors were supplemental irrigation times (without supplemental irrigation, irrigation in 50 percent of flowering and irrigation in 50 percent of seed filling) as main factor and cultivars (Arman, Azad and Greet) and super absorbent polymer (zero, 100 and 200 kg/ha) in the sub plots. The result showed that the supplemental irrigation and super absorbent polymer reduced soluble carbohydrates and seed protein and increased insoluble carbohydrates, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll. Supplemental irrigation in 50 percent of flowering satge increased 74 percent of seed yield compared to dry land condition. The highest seed yield, biological yield and harvest index were obtained from Greet cultivar with supplemental irrigation at 50 percent of flowering stage and application of 200 kg/ha super absorbent polymer, with the averages 2179 kg/ha, 4012 kg/ha and 54.3 percent, respectively. The results showed that at all levels of supplemental irrigation, the use of superabsorbent polymer improves plant growth conditions and, consequently, significantly increased seed yield. This will increase further by increasing the consumption of super absorbent polymer within supplementary irrigation.
Zohre Ansar; Mehdi Baradaran Firouzabadi; Serolah Galeshi; Ahmad Gholami; Mahdieh Parsaian
Abstract
This research was carried out to investigate the effect of spraying of Origanum vulgare and Zatria mutifora essence on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sesame (Naz cultivar) under drought stress conditions. This experiment was conducted as split plot factorial in two years as a randomized ...
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This research was carried out to investigate the effect of spraying of Origanum vulgare and Zatria mutifora essence on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sesame (Naz cultivar) under drought stress conditions. This experiment was conducted as split plot factorial in two years as a randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments included two different irrigation regimes (every 15 days) and drought stress (every 25 days), three levels of Origanum vulgare include 0, 40 and 60% and 3 levels of Zatria mutifora include 0, 10 and 20%. Results indicated that drought stress significantly reduced the measured indices compared to control conditions. The results also showed that water stress reduced oil content and increased protein content and activity of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase enzymes. It was found that the most measured indices in both control and stress conditions were associated with 60% Origanum vulgare 20% Zatria mutifora essence. The use of Origanum vulgare and Zatria mutifora essence, under suitable irrigation conditions, increased the seed yield of 27.5% compared to control, whereas it increased 58% under stress conditions. Therefore, it can be stated that under dry conditions, the use of Origanum vulgare Zatria mutifora essence can induce tolerance in the plant in response to drought conditions. Since less cost is needed compared to other methods, therefore, in areas with low water conditions, it is recommended to use the Origanum vulgare and Zatria mutifora essence.
Sakineh Abdi
Abstract
To investigate the effects of different intercropping arrangement on fenugreek and savory yield and essential oil. An experiment based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) was conducted with three replications. Treatments included different row intercropping systems; 1+1, 1+2, 2+1, 2+2, 1+3, 3+1 ...
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To investigate the effects of different intercropping arrangement on fenugreek and savory yield and essential oil. An experiment based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) was conducted with three replications. Treatments included different row intercropping systems; 1+1, 1+2, 2+1, 2+2, 1+3, 3+1 (savory+fenugreek) and sole cropping fenugreek and savory. Results revealed that fenugreek yield in sole cropping is significantly higher than that of intercropping system. The highest percentage of fenugreek grain protein, savory dry weight, savory essential oil percentage and essential oil yield was obtained in 1 row savory+1 row fenugreek. The highest fenugreek essential oil yield was achieved in sole cropping and 1 row savory+3 row fenugreek. Among the used intercropping treatments, the highest intercropping advantage (IA) (1.29) was obtained in 1 row savory+3 row fenugreek. The maximum land equivalent ratio (LER) values (1.94) was obtained in 1 row savory+1 row fenugreek, indicating yield improvement in intercropping systems by 94 percent as compared with sole cropping. According to the yield and agronomic and economic benefits, it seems that 1 row savory+1 row fenugreek is suitable for increasing the income of farmers and land use efficiency.
Elham Jahangiri Nia; Seyed Ataollah Siyadat; Ahmad Koochakzadeh; Mohammadreza Moradi Telavat; Manouchehr Sayyah far
Abstract
In order to study the effect of the usage of vermicompost and mycorrhiza fertilizer usage on yield quantity and quality of soybean cultivar L17 in water deficit stress condition, an experiment was conducted as plots in a split at randomized complete blocks with four replications in Agricultural Research ...
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In order to study the effect of the usage of vermicompost and mycorrhiza fertilizer usage on yield quantity and quality of soybean cultivar L17 in water deficit stress condition, an experiment was conducted as plots in a split at randomized complete blocks with four replications in Agricultural Research Center in 2013 in Khoramabad. The experiment treatments including irrigation in three levels (after 60, 120 and 180 mm evaporation from pan class A pan), vermicompost and mycorrhiza in six levels (non-use of vermicompost and mycorhiza fertilizer, inoculated with mycorrhiza fertilizer, consumption of 5 and 10 t.ha-1 vermicompost , consumption of 5 and 10 t.ha-1 vermicompost with mycorrhiza) were respectively as the main plots and sub. The results of experiment showed that the water deficit stress significantly decreased the number of pods per plant, number of grain per pod, number of grain per plant, 1000 grain weight, biological and grain yield. So that the highest grain yield with the rate of 3216.7 kg.ha-1 was obtained from 60 mm evaporation. The use of combined vermicompost and mycorrhiza fertilizer increased the traits except the number of grain per pods. Grain yield in combined treatment of 5 and 10 t.ha-1 vermicompost and mycorrhiza, respectively increased 23 and 29 percent compared to control. By increasing irrigation distance grain oil content decreased and grain protein content increased. Finally, in order to water_saving irrigation and the cost of inputs and ensuring optimal performance in drought condition, we can use combination of 5 t.ha-1 vermicompost with mycorrhiza.
Jaber Esazadeh Panjali Kharabasi; Mohammad Galavi; Mahmoud Ramroudi
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effects of drought stress and methanol foliar application on some quantitative and qualitative traits of soybean (cv. Viliamz), a split plot experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design at the Faculty of Moghan Research Farm in 2011. Treatments were three ...
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In order to evaluate the effects of drought stress and methanol foliar application on some quantitative and qualitative traits of soybean (cv. Viliamz), a split plot experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design at the Faculty of Moghan Research Farm in 2011. Treatments were three levels of drought stress based on irrigation at depletion of 40, 55 and 70 percent of available soil moisture comprising the main-plot and four rates of methanol foliar application including non-methanol spraying (control), 7, 21 and 35 volumetric percentages as sub-plots that were applied with three replications. Drought stress significantly affected stem diameter, pod length, number of seed per pod, number of pod per plant, seed yield, HI, soluble carbohydrates, chlorophyll content, oil and protein percentage of seed. Drought stress increased soluble carbohydrates and oil percentage of seed and decreased other traits, so that irrigation at depletion of 70 percent of available soil moisture decreased seed yield by 33.87 percent. Methanol foliar application significantly affected number of pod per plant, seed yield, chlorophyll content, pod length, number of seed per pods, soluble carbohydrates and seed protein content. The greatest effect of methanol foliar application on studied traits obtained from 21 percent by volume of methanol and increased seed yield by 25.6 percent in comparison with the control and the highest seed yield for irrigation after 40 percent depletion of available moisture was obtained.
somayeh karami; Seyed Ali Mohammad Modarres-Sanavy; Faezeh Ghanati; MEHRDAD Moradi
Abstract
In order to study the effects of water deficit stress and zinc foliar application on yield, seed quality, seed vigor and zinc content of different organs of soybean cultivars, an experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design arrangement as a split factorial with three replications. Main ...
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In order to study the effects of water deficit stress and zinc foliar application on yield, seed quality, seed vigor and zinc content of different organs of soybean cultivars, an experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design arrangement as a split factorial with three replications. Main factor was three levels of drought stress (non stress, water stress in vegetative growth stage (S1) and water stress in flowering stage (S2)) and subordinate factor was combination of foliar zinc application and cultivar. Foliar zinc application in three levels (non foliar application, water foliar application and zinc sulfate (5000 ppm)) foliar application and two cultivars (‘L17’ and ‘Clarck 63’) were used in this experiment. Results showed that traits were affected by treatments. Water deficit stress in both vegetative and reproductive stages caused to decrease the yield, zinc content of organs, seed protein and oil percentage and seed vigor, but hard seed percentage were increased to 189 and 472 in S1 and S2, respectively. ‘Clark 63’ was desirable under water deficit stress. The highest yield reduction was observed for stress treatment at the reproductive growth stage. Zinc sulfate foliar application increased the yield, zinc content of seed, seed protein percentage and seedling vigor 34, 26, five and 38 percent, respectively, but decreased seed oil percentage and hard seed percentage four and 58, respectively. Zinc foliar application was more effective in yield increment of ‘L17’ than ‘Clarck 63’.