Mona Arvand; Yousef Sohrabi
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of integrated management of chemical and biological fertilizers on physiological traits, and grain yield of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) under different irrigation levels, a split-plot experiment has been conducted based on a randomized complete block design ...
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In order to investigate the effects of integrated management of chemical and biological fertilizers on physiological traits, and grain yield of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) under different irrigation levels, a split-plot experiment has been conducted based on a randomized complete block design with four replications at research farm University of Kurdistan in the spring of 2016. Two irrigation levels (irrigation at 100% and 70% of the plant water requirement) are randomized on the main plot. Five fertilizer levels (including 100% chemical fertilizers, 80% chemical fertilizers + biofertilizers, 60% chemical fertilizers + biofertilizers, 40% chemical fertilizers + biofertilizers, and non-fertilizer application) are randomized on a sub-plot. The results reveal that under irrigation at 70% of the plant water requirement conditions, proline concentration, soluble carbohydrates concentration, and lipid peroxidation have increased, while the values of other studied physiological parameters as well the grain yield have dropped. The combination of biological and chemical fertilizers positively affect the studied physiological traits and grain yield, such that the highest grain yield belongs to the combined treatment of 60% chemical fertilizers + biofertilizers (798.18 kg ha-1), showing an increase of 37.22% compared to the control (without fertilizer). Due to the positive effects of combining bio-chemical fertilizers on physiological parameters and grain yield, it is recommended to replace the combination of bio-chemical fertilizers instead of employing only chemical fertilizers.
Mohaddese Heydarzade; Seyed MohammadReza Ehteshami; Mohammad Rabiee
Abstract
Despite the progress of the livestock industry in Iran, the production of forage plants commensurate with this development has not been considered. Therefore, this study has been conducted during 2017, with the need to produce feed for livestock and poultry and with the aim of determining the best density ...
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Despite the progress of the livestock industry in Iran, the production of forage plants commensurate with this development has not been considered. Therefore, this study has been conducted during 2017, with the need to produce feed for livestock and poultry and with the aim of determining the best density and planting date on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Guar forage. Taking place in the Rasht Rice research Institute-station located in the Village of GilPordehsar in the Sangar city, it evaluates four planting date (May 12, May 26, June 9, and June 23) and three plant densities (200, 400 and 600 plant.ha-1) factorially in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results show that the planting date of May 26 and the density of 600 plant.ha-1 in terms of fresh forage yield (35.02 t/ha), crude protein (19.02%), dry matter (54.35%), and carbohydrate (26.12%) are superior to other planting dates and plant density under test. The highest yield of dry forage (6.1 t/ha) and neutral detergent fiber (58.23%) has been observed on May 12 and a density of 600 plant.ha-1. The amount of crude fiber has increased with delay in planting, but the percentage of Ash is not affected by different planting dates and densities. According to the results, in order to obtain the highest quantity and quality of forage in Guilan Province, the planting date of May 26 and the density of 600 plant.ha-1 is recommended.
Azimeh Bagheri; Ataalah Siadat; Ahmad Koochekzadeh; Mohammad Reza Moradi Telavat; Masoud Rafiee
Abstract
In order to investigate the physiological responses of chickpea cultivars to supplemental irrigation and super-absorbent polymer use, an experiment was conducted in 2015 using a split factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design in the research farm of Khorramabad Agricultural Research ...
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In order to investigate the physiological responses of chickpea cultivars to supplemental irrigation and super-absorbent polymer use, an experiment was conducted in 2015 using a split factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design in the research farm of Khorramabad Agricultural Research Center. Factors were supplemental irrigation times (without supplemental irrigation, irrigation in 50 percent of flowering and irrigation in 50 percent of seed filling) as main factor and cultivars (Arman, Azad and Greet) and super absorbent polymer (zero, 100 and 200 kg/ha) in the sub plots. The result showed that the supplemental irrigation and super absorbent polymer reduced soluble carbohydrates and seed protein and increased insoluble carbohydrates, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll. Supplemental irrigation in 50 percent of flowering satge increased 74 percent of seed yield compared to dry land condition. The highest seed yield, biological yield and harvest index were obtained from Greet cultivar with supplemental irrigation at 50 percent of flowering stage and application of 200 kg/ha super absorbent polymer, with the averages 2179 kg/ha, 4012 kg/ha and 54.3 percent, respectively. The results showed that at all levels of supplemental irrigation, the use of superabsorbent polymer improves plant growth conditions and, consequently, significantly increased seed yield. This will increase further by increasing the consumption of super absorbent polymer within supplementary irrigation.
Shiva Bazl; Rouholah Karimi; Ahmad Ershadi; Alireza Shahbodaghlo; Mousa Rasouli
Abstract
Cold stress is one of the limiting factors in production of greenhouse vegetables. Chemicals offer useful approach to reduce low temperature-induced damages. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of foliar application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) at concentrations of 0 (control), 50, 100, 200 ...
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Cold stress is one of the limiting factors in production of greenhouse vegetables. Chemicals offer useful approach to reduce low temperature-induced damages. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of foliar application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) at concentrations of 0 (control), 50, 100, 200 µM) on electrolyte leakage (EL), relative water content (RWC), soluble carbohydrates, proline, chlorophyll content and chilling index of greenhouse- grown cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv ‘Negin’) in 4-6 leaf stage. MeJA was sprayed two times/day on cucumber seedling in a greenhouse of Bu-Ali Sina University, as a factorial based on completely randomized design with five replications per treatment, inlate- summer of 2013. Two days after spraying, seedlings were transferred from 25ºC to cold chamber and were subjected to chilling treatments of 15, 10 and 5 ºC for 4 hours. The EL of all plants increased with reducing the temperature. However, in MeJA-treated plants, especially in application of 200 µM, a lower leaf EL was observed. A clear increase in soluble carbohydrates and proline concentration was observed with decreasing temperature from 15 to 5ºC in all plants while in MeJA -treated seedlings, especially in application of 200 and 100µM, a greater amount of these osmolytes were observed in compared to control. Moreover, exogenous application of MeJA reduced RWC and visual damage of cold-stressed seedlings but increased chlorophyll content in compared to control plants. These changes correlated with the increment of cold tolerance in the cucumber plants. The results indicated that MeJA application especially at 200 µM, has the capacity to improve chilling tolerance of seedlings and can be used as a prophylactic tool to protect against chilling injury of cucumber cultivars in greenhouses
Ahmad Ershadi; Samira Taheri
Abstract
Frost in early spring is one of the limiting factors in the production of grape. Chemicals offer useful approach to reduce low temperature-induced damages. Different concentrations of salicylic acid including: 0 (control), 0.5, 1 and 2 mM were sprayed twice on 10 year-old ‘Bidaneh Sefid’ ...
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Frost in early spring is one of the limiting factors in the production of grape. Chemicals offer useful approach to reduce low temperature-induced damages. Different concentrations of salicylic acid including: 0 (control), 0.5, 1 and 2 mM were sprayed twice on 10 year-old ‘Bidaneh Sefid’ grape vines at full bloom stage and changes in leaf soluble carbohydrates, proline and protein levels were measured in the next day morning. Leaf and stem samples were subjected to low temperatures of 0, -2, -4 and -8°C while flower clusters were exposed to temperature of 0, -2 and -4°C for three hours. Salicylic acid at 0.5mM concentration resulted in the highest amounts of soluble carbohydrates while the maximum proline content was observed with 0.5 and 1mM concentrations. Salicylic acid at 2mM concentration caused a decrease in soluble protein level. Salicylic acid, low temperature and their interactions had a significant effect on electrolyte leakage of different tissues. Salicylic acid treatments led to a reduction in electrolyte leakage of stem, leaf and cluster samples, compared to control. It seems that salicylic acid minimizes the negative effects of low temperature with evidence of less membrane damage by up-regulating the accumulation of osmoregulants such as soluble carbohydrates and proline.