majid moslemi; hamidreza mobasser; nematollah sedaghat; eiman eshghi
Abstract
Objective: Optimizing the consumption rate of nitrogen fertilizers is one of the important management strategies to improve performance. This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of nitrogen stress and levels on the morphological characteristics and agronomic ...
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Objective: Optimizing the consumption rate of nitrogen fertilizers is one of the important management strategies to improve performance. This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of nitrogen stress and levels on the morphological characteristics and agronomic traits of rice.Methods: An experiment was conducted in the form of split plots in a randomized complete block design with four replications in 2009 & 2010 at the research farm located in Amol. Nitrogen levels were considered the main factor at three levels (46, 69, 92 kg N/ha-1 from urea source) and the sub-factor included four levels of stress or lack of nitrogen consumption (T1= stress at the full clustering stage, T2= stress at the emergence of the initial cluster stage, T3= stress at the tillering stage, and T4= stress at the transplanting stage).Results: The results demonstrated that the number of full panicles per panicle, 1000-seed weight, grain yield, and harvest index were higher in 2009 than in 2010. Grain yield in the first year (450.25 g/m2) was higher than that of the second year (395.1 g/m2). The maximum harvest index was also obtained in 2009 with nitrogen stress at the full clustering stage.Conclusion: Therefore, the application of 69 kg of nitrogen per hectare in installments can be recommended to produce the highest grain yield.
mona arefkhani; Ali Rahemi Karizaki; َAbbas Biabani; hossein sabouri; ghorbanali rassam
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this experiment was to study the trend of yield fluctuations and related traits in released wheat cultivars in Iran from 1968 to 2016.Methods: This experiment was conducted with 16 wheat cultivars based on a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications at Shirvan ...
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Objective: The purpose of this experiment was to study the trend of yield fluctuations and related traits in released wheat cultivars in Iran from 1968 to 2016.Methods: This experiment was conducted with 16 wheat cultivars based on a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications at Shirvan Higher Education Complex in North Khorasan during the 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 growing seasons.Results: The findings indicated that the Iranian cultivars released do not have significant differences in terms of the number of seeds per spike, plant height, spike length, biological yield and gluten percentage, but grain yield, harvest index, 1000-seeds weight and protein percentage have improved by 61.84, 63.54, 62.37 and 14.4%, respectively, during the last 48 years. Additionally, wheat breeding in Iran has progressed towards single-spike formation. Path analysis showed that the plant height, biological yield, number of fertile tillers/m2 and harvest index explain more than 96% of yield changes and that traits such as the harvest index and number of fertile tillers are considered the most important traits in increasing and decreasing grain yield in Iranian wheat.Conclusion: According to the results of the causality analysis, it can be concluded that the selection for grain yield, based on other traits and without considering the relationships between them, may not provide accurate results. It is necessary to obtain a correct understanding of the role of the relationships between traits in breeding programs to increase selection efficiency.
Jahanfar Daneshian; farnaz shariati; NADIA SAFAVI FARD
Abstract
Objective: Selection of soybean cultivars that have a higher grain yield under water deficit conditions, reduces the damage to soybean producers.Methods: The response of soybean genotypes to water deficit stress was investigated in terms of agricultural characteristics and grain yield in Karaj (Iran), ...
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Objective: Selection of soybean cultivars that have a higher grain yield under water deficit conditions, reduces the damage to soybean producers.Methods: The response of soybean genotypes to water deficit stress was investigated in terms of agricultural characteristics and grain yield in Karaj (Iran), during two years. The experiment was carried out as a split plot based on randomized complete block design in three replications, with three irrigation levels (control, mild stress, and severe stress) based on 50, 100, and 150 mm evaporation from a Class A evaporation pan as the main plot and 10 soybean genotypes as the sub-plot.Results: The results showed that mild and severe stress caused the node number and inter-node to decrease in comparison with control irrigation. Under control irrigation, the highest grain yield (2585 kg/ha) was obtained from the early-maturing Saba cultivar, with the highest seed number per unit area. The early-maturing genotypes had the highest grain yield under control irrigation, and their grain yield decreased significantly with increasing stress intensity. The grain yield of the Saba cultivar reduced under mild and severe stress by 32 and 59% compared to control irrigation, respectively. Under stress conditions, the late-maturing genotypes had the highest grain yield and water deficit stress caused a slight decrease in their grain yield. Under mild and severe stress, the late-maturing Williams×A3935 line had the highest grain yield and protein yield, respectively.Conclusion: Under control irrigation, the Saba cultivar, and under stress conditions (mild and severe) the Williams×A3935 line is recommended in Karaj and similar climates (moderately cold region).
Abdollah fariSa; Ali Nakhzari Moghaddam; ali Rahemi karizaki; Mohammad Salahi Farahi
Abstract
Objective: In order to study the effect of nitrogen splitting and supplemental irrigation on yield, yield components and oil percentage of sunflower a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design on farm research of Gonbad University with three replications during crop ...
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Objective: In order to study the effect of nitrogen splitting and supplemental irrigation on yield, yield components and oil percentage of sunflower a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design on farm research of Gonbad University with three replications during crop year of 2019.Methods: Treatments in this experiment included nitrogen splitting (none consumption of nitrogen (as control), 25% of nitrogen at planting time and 75% before flowering, 50% of nitrogen at planting time and 50% before flowering and 75% of nitrogen at planting and 25% before flowering and supplemental irrigation (none irrigation ((as control)), supplementary irrigation at flowering stage, supplemental irrigation at grain filling stage, supplemental irrigation at flowering stage and grain filling stages) in four levels.Results: The results showed that consumption of 25% nitrogen at planting time and 75% before flowering led to the highest increase in number of grains per row, number of grains per head, one thousand-grain weight, grain yield (4318 kg.ha-1) and harvest index. Consumption of 75% nitrogen at planting time and 25% before flowering increased the number of rows per capita. None consumption of nitrogen increased oil percent though oil yield decreased. Irrigation at flowering and grain filling stages increased the number of grain per capita, grain weight, and grain yield (4427 kg.ha-1).Conclusion: According to the results, irrigation at flowering and grain filling stages as well as application of 25% nitrogen at planting time and 75% before flowering is suitable to achieve optimum sunflower yield.
Ebrahim Morshedi; MOHAMMAD HOOSAIN GHARINEH; Ahmad Kochekzadeh; Abdol Mehdi Bakhshandeh
Abstract
An experiment is conducted to evaluate effect of Bacillus and Pseudomonas on Quantitative and Qualitative Yield and malting efficiency of different Barley cultivars in rainfed conditions in a farm of Ilam Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center in 2017 and 2018. The experiment is factorial ...
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An experiment is conducted to evaluate effect of Bacillus and Pseudomonas on Quantitative and Qualitative Yield and malting efficiency of different Barley cultivars in rainfed conditions in a farm of Ilam Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center in 2017 and 2018. The experiment is factorial according to randomized complete blocks design with four replications. Three cultivars (namely, Behrokh, Grace, and Sararoud1 as first and seed inoculated with growth-promoting bacteria) and Fertilizer at eight levels (including the control, complete fertilizer (Field recommendation), Pseudomonas bacteria, Bacillus bacteria, combination of Pseudomonas and Bacillus bacteria, Pseudomonas bacteria + half fertilizer, Bacillus bacteria + half fertilizer and combination of Pseudomonas and Bacillus bacteria + half fertilizer) are considered second factor. The results show that all the studied traits (with the exception of malting efficiency) addition main effect, are significantly affected by year interaction in cultivar in fertilizer treatment, but malting efficiency is influenced by interaction cultivar in fertilizer treatments. Heights number of seeds per spike, number of spikes per m-2, and grain yield are recorded by a combination of Pseudomonas and Bacillus bacteria + half fertilizer under garis cultivar with means 31, 390 and 5294 kg/h in 2018 and 35, 400 and 6222 kg/h respectively. Maximum malting efficiency (95.5 %) has also been observed in the combination of Pseudomonas and Bacillus bacteria + half fertilizer under Behrokh.
Somayyeh Chenani; Mohammad Moradi Telavat; Ali Moshattati
Abstract
To investigate the effect of different levels of vermicompost and boron on safflower grain and oil yield, a factorial experiment is conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications in the 2016-17 crop year at the research farm of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University ...
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To investigate the effect of different levels of vermicompost and boron on safflower grain and oil yield, a factorial experiment is conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications in the 2016-17 crop year at the research farm of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan. Experimental factors include four levels of vermicompost (0, 4, 8, and 12 tons per hectare) and four boron levels (0, 3, 6, and 9 kg per hectare) from the source of boric acid (H3BO3) as soil application. The results show that the effect of vermicompost on most of the measured traits has been significant. Accordingly, biological yield and yield components including number of capitols per square meter, grain per capitol, and 1000-grain weight have increased significantly to the highest level of vermicompost consumption. The effect of boron on grain number per capitol, grain yield, biological yield, stigma yield, harvest index, oil yield, and grain protein percentage is significant. The interaction effect of vermicompost and boron on grain yield, harvest index, oil yield, grain protein percentage, and nitrogen uptake per unit aera is significant. Comparison of means show that the highest grain yield (3184 kg/ha) and the highest oil yield (939 kh/ha) are obtained in the treatment of 12 tons of vermiompost and 3 kg of boron per hectare. In both cases, grain and oil yield per unit area show a 100% increase, compared to the control treatment.
Arefeh Alipour ghasem abad sofla; Ali Nakhzari Moghaddam; Mehdi Mollashahi; Ebrahim Gholamalalipour Alamdari
Abstract
Combining organic and chemical fertilizers is one of the most important ways to achieve sustainable agriculture. In order to investigate the effect of organic fertilizers with chemical fertilizers on yield, yield components, and quality traits of sunflower, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized ...
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Combining organic and chemical fertilizers is one of the most important ways to achieve sustainable agriculture. In order to investigate the effect of organic fertilizers with chemical fertilizers on yield, yield components, and quality traits of sunflower, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in spring 2018 at Gonbad Kavous University farm research. Cultivar factor included Haysan 25 and Oscar and combination of fertilizer factor included no fertilizer application, 100 kg N/ha, 50 kg N/ha, 50 kg N/ha + 1.5 kg humic acid/ha, 50 kg N/ha + 0.5 kg Vita free/ha, and 50 kg N/ha + 1.5 kg humic acid+ 0.5 kg Vita free/ha. The results showed that the effect of cultivar and fertilizer on most of the measured traits was significant. Oscar cultivar produced higher grain yield, biological yield and oil percent and oil yield than Haysan 25 cultivar. Grain yield, oil yield, biological yield and plant height in 100 kg N/ha treatment was higher than other fertilizer treatments though not significantly different from 50 kg N/ha + 1.5 kg humic acid/ha + 0.5 kg Vita free/ha treatment. Based on the results, in order to achieve the maximum seed and oil yield of sunflower and to prevent excessive use of chemical fertilizers, the combined use of Nitrogen fertilizer, humic acid and vita free is necessary.
Tayebeh Jamshidnia; tayeb sakinejad; Alireza shokuhfar; reza Dadnia; Sedekiwan Marshi
Abstract
The present two-year research (1397-1398) investigates the effect of Mycorrhizal inoculation. For this purpose, it takes the combined ratio of Auxin/Gibirlin and Ascorbic acid on the yield and yield components of corn, in the form of split factorial design in the form of randomized complete ...
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The present two-year research (1397-1398) investigates the effect of Mycorrhizal inoculation. For this purpose, it takes the combined ratio of Auxin/Gibirlin and Ascorbic acid on the yield and yield components of corn, in the form of split factorial design in the form of randomized complete blocks in three replicates in Shahid Salemi farm. It has been done north of Ahvaz city. The main factor of the treatments includeMycorrhizalfungus (Glomus intraradices species) at two levels (inoculation and non-inoculation) before planting and the secondary factor includes the ratio of Auxin hormone to gibberellin at three levels (0, 300/600, and 600/300) mg/liter and ascorbic acid at three levels (0, 100, and 200) mg/liter are applied as foliar spraying. The results show that Mycorrhiza has a significant effect on the dry weight of leaves, stems, and cobs, seed weight and yield, as well as biological traits, respectively, the highest seed yield amounting to (7410.72) kg is related to the treatment levels of Mycorrhizal inoculation, the ratio of Auxin to gibberellin is 600 mg to 300 mg and in 200 mg of ascorbic acid and the highest yield of stem dry weight (100 grams). In the triple interaction of the experimental factors in the treatment levels, there has not been any Mycorrhiza inoculation. For not using the hormonal compound and using 100 mg of ascorbic acid, the highest seed yield in the row (45.46%) has been obtained in the ratio of Auxin to gibberellin of 600 mg to 300 mg and using 200 mg of ascorbic acid. According to the positive effect of the use of experimental factors, the use of Mycorrhiza and the mentioned hormones, and ascorbic acid are recommended.
Behrooz Dolatparast; Farzad Hosseinpanahi; Adel Siosemardeh; Hamed Mansory
Abstract
Considering the importance and value of water and optimal use of nitrogen for maintaining production productivity and simultaneously reducing the negative environmental effects, two experiments have been conducted in 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 cropping seasons in the research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, ...
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Considering the importance and value of water and optimal use of nitrogen for maintaining production productivity and simultaneously reducing the negative environmental effects, two experiments have been conducted in 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 cropping seasons in the research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan. The experiments are performed as a split plot in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Experimental treatments include the different levels of irrigation as the main plots (25% (W1), 50% (W2), 75% (W3), and 100% (W4) of crop water requirement) and different levels of nitrogen fertilizer as sub-plots (25% (N1), 50% (N2), 75% (N3), and 100% (N4) based on crop nitrogen requirement). Results show that all the studied traits with the exception of the time of reaching the maximum pod area index are affected by the main and interaction effects. The highest grain yield is obtained in W4N4 treatment (5069 kg.ha-1) and the lowest grain yield in W1N1 and W1N2 treatments at 880 and 899 kg.ha-1, respectively, which has been decreased by 82.6% and 82.2%, compared to the control, respectively. The grain and biological yield of W4N3 (4826 and 17589 kg.ha-1) and W3N4 (4712 and 17657 kg.ha-1) treatments, represent 25% reduction in nitrogen consumption and 25% reduction in water consumption, respectively compared to the control. W4N4 is recognized as the superior treatment in this study for improving productivity.
Mohammad Jabbari oranj; Hosein Moghadam; Mohammad Reza Jahansooz; Ali Ahmadi; Babak Motesharezadeh
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of irrigation, planting date, and biofertilizers on phenological traits, yield, and some qualitative traits of quinoa as a new plant, an experiment has been conducted on a farm located in Bilehsvar region of Ardabil Province in two cropping years from 2019 to 2021 ...
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In order to investigate the effects of irrigation, planting date, and biofertilizers on phenological traits, yield, and some qualitative traits of quinoa as a new plant, an experiment has been conducted on a farm located in Bilehsvar region of Ardabil Province in two cropping years from 2019 to 2021 in split - split plot design based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Experimental factors include irrigation at three levels, including (complete irrigation, irrigation termination in budding stage, and irrigation termination in seed filling stage) as the main factor, planting date at three levels (namely 27 July, 11 August, and 27 August) as the sub-factor, and four levels of nitrogen biofertilizer (the control, seed inoculant with Azotobacter, inoculant with Azospirillum, and inoculation with a mixture of Azotobacter and Azospirillum) as the sub-sub-factor. The results show that the use of complete irrigation with a planting date of 27 July and inoculation of Azotobacter and Azospirillum biofertilizers has increased the length of phenological stages and 1000-seed weight. In terms of harvest index, complete irrigation treatment with planting date of 27 July, and combined inoculation of biofertilizers have had the highest value, in terms of protein percentage and saponin content of seed, irrigation interruption at the budding stage with planting date of 27 July, while co-inoculation with biofertilizers has given the best results, and the highest biological yield (620 g/m2) and grain yield (304.97 g/m2) have been obtained from complete irrigation treatment with planting date of 11 August and co-inoculation of biofertilizers.
Ghobad Mohamadpoor; salim farzaneh; SAEID KHOMARI; Raouf Seyed sharif; behrooz esmaie;pour
Abstract
This study attempts to investigate the effect of application of humic acid and seaweed extract on morphology, growth, yield, and yield components of quinoa under drought stress in 2018-2019 in two different locations, Qasr Shirin and Dalahou. It has been performed as split plots in a randomized complete ...
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This study attempts to investigate the effect of application of humic acid and seaweed extract on morphology, growth, yield, and yield components of quinoa under drought stress in 2018-2019 in two different locations, Qasr Shirin and Dalahou. It has been performed as split plots in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Experimental treatments include three irrigation treatments (full irrigation, irrigation cut-off at the beginning of flowering and irrigation cut-off at the beginning of seed filling) and foliar spraying treatments with different amounts of humic acid (foliar application at the rate of 1.5 kg / ha and 2 Kg / ha) and seaweed extract (foliar application at 1 kg / ha and 1.5 kg / ha) along with a control treatment. Results show that seed yield in Dalahou region under normal condation has been 24.78% higher than Qasrshirin region. Seed yield in different irrigation treatments under the influence of foliar application show that in all irrigation treatments, the effect of foliar application of humic acid and seaweed extract on seed yield has been positive compared to the control. In full irrigation conditions, the highest seed yield is obtained from foliar application of humic acid, while in irrigation cut-off treatments, the effect of seaweed extract on seed yield has been better than humic acid. The weight of 1000 seeds in quinoa produced in Dalahu region has been more than Qasrshirin region but in both regions drought stress has reduced the 1000 seeds weight. In all irrigation treatments, application of humic acid and algae extract has increased 1000-seed weight.
Nikrooz Shirinzadeh; Mohammad Hassan Biglouei; Karamat Akhavan; Adel Mohammadi
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of deficit irrigation on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of wheat (Triticum asetivum L.) Morvareed cultivar, an experiment has been carried out with three main treatments including surface drip irrigation (TS), subsurface drip irrigation (TSS), and Furrow ...
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In order to investigate the effect of deficit irrigation on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of wheat (Triticum asetivum L.) Morvareed cultivar, an experiment has been carried out with three main treatments including surface drip irrigation (TS), subsurface drip irrigation (TSS), and Furrow irrigation (F), as well as three submain treatments containing irrigation levels 50% (I1), 75% (I2), and 100% (I3) of the plant water requirement. It has taken place in the research farm of Ardebil Agricultural Research and Training Center in Moghan region during 2016-2017. The experiment is conducted as split plot based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Results show that the highest 1000-grain weight, harvest index and number of tillers per unit area are obtained with 0.05 kg, 42% and 448.56 in I3 and protein content with 9.56% in I1, respectively. Also, the highest grain yield (7122.33 kg ha-1) is obtained from the TS with irrigation level of I3 (no significant difference between I3 and I1). Meanwhile, the highest water productivity based on grain yield with 1.81 kg m-3 is obtained from the treatment of F with I1. The lowest grain yield with 2866.67 kg ha-1 and water productivity based on grain yield with 1.05 kg m-3 belongs to F with irrigation levels of I1 and I3, respectively. Therefore, the surface drip (TS) with 75% (I2) and 100% (I3) of crop water requirement in conditions of water deficiency and no-water-deficiency, respectively, can be considered as optimum methods for wheat production in the Moghan region.
sara Najafi; Issa Khammari; ahmmad ghanbari; mahdi dahmard
Abstract
Additive intercropping series of sunflower and basil have been laid out under salty and fresh water irrigation management with the aim of achieving the highest yield and intercropping advantage as a result of intercropping the two plants. An experiment has been performed at Zabol University during two ...
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Additive intercropping series of sunflower and basil have been laid out under salty and fresh water irrigation management with the aim of achieving the highest yield and intercropping advantage as a result of intercropping the two plants. An experiment has been performed at Zabol University during two cropping years (2018 and 2019). Fresh water (ECe = 3.9 dS.m-1) and saline water (ECe = 1.1 dS.m-1) have been taken from the Hirmand River and a local well, respectively. The irrigation water regimes are fresh water, salt water, and an alternating usage of salty and fresh irrigation water. In addition, five types of intercropping patterns are considered the sub-factors (100% sunflower (4 plants/m2), 100% basil (80 plants/m2), 100% sunflower+ 50% basil, 50% sunflower + 100% basil and 100% sunflower + 100% basil. The results show that the interaction between intercropping patterns and different irrigation regimes has had a significant effect on 1000 seed weight, seed yield, harvest index, oil yield of sunflower, dry weight, and essential oil yield of basil plants. In response to all irrigation regimes, the highest value of total land equivalent ratio (1.37-1.45) and intercropping advantage (0.29 - 0.48) has occurred as a result of cultivating 50% sunflower + 100% basil, thereby appearing as a good model of intercropping. The results show that intercropping patterns can be effective in modulating the negative effects of saline irrigation water on plant yield.
Masoud Lakzaei; Ali Nakhzari Moghaddam; Mehdi Mollashahi; Abbas Biabani
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of planting pattern and nitrogen and megafol on grain yield, yield components, and seed protein of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under rainfed conditions, a factorial experiment has been conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Gonbad ...
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In order to investigate the effect of planting pattern and nitrogen and megafol on grain yield, yield components, and seed protein of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under rainfed conditions, a factorial experiment has been conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Gonbad Kavous University farm during growth season of 2017-2018. The planting pattern is in three levels of 30×11, 45×7.4, and 60×5.5 cm (30 plants. m-2) and the factor of use of fertilizers in five levels of non-consumption and consumption of 50 and 100 kg nitrogen and one and two liters of megafol per hectare. The results show that the highest seed yield is related to 30×11 and 45×7.4 and the lowest is related to 60×5.5 cm. Seed per plant and seed yield in application of 100 and 50 kg N ha-1 has been higher than others. The highest and the lowest protein percentage of seeds is related to 60×5.5 and 30×11 cm. 1000-seed weight in application of 100 and 50 kg N ha-1 and 2 liters of megafol has been more than other treatments. The harvest index in application of fertilizer is the maximum and in treatment of non-application of fertilizer is the minimum. In addition, because of more effect of nitrogen on seed yield compared to megafol and non-significant differences between consumption of 100 and 50 kg N ha-1, it seems that consumption of 50 kg N ha-1 and planting pattern of 30×11 is the most appropriate advice for planting of rainfed chickpea in Gonbad Kavous condition.
Mohsen Roshdi; Mohammad kazemalilou; Solmaz Kazemalilou
Abstract
The row spacing and planting density are important factors in yield of red bean. In this regard the effects of plant density and weed control methods on grain protein yield of red bean have been studied via a field study as a factorial based on complete randomized blocks design with three replications ...
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The row spacing and planting density are important factors in yield of red bean. In this regard the effects of plant density and weed control methods on grain protein yield of red bean have been studied via a field study as a factorial based on complete randomized blocks design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Station of Khoy during 2018. Plant density is at three levels (20, 25, and 30 plants per m2) and weed control methods are at four levels (lack of control, selective herbicide (Bentazon), general herbicide (paraquat), and manual control). Results show that the interaction effect of plant density and weed control methods has been significant on the number of lateral branches, number of pods per plant, 100-grain weight, grain yield, harvest index, and grain protein yield, though without any significant effect on the number of grain per pod. The highest number of pods per plant (26) is obtained at the density of 20 plants per m2 and manual weeding. The highest seed yield and seed protein yield, 3391 and 841 kg ha-1 belong to the density of 30 plants per m2 and manual weeding, respectively. The interference of weeds can also affect crop production quality by altering the grains composition such as protein. It can be achieved to optimum yield in red bean by increasing the competitive ability of the crop through the selection of optimal density (30 plants per m2) in combination with manual weeding.
Mohsen Feyzolahi; Ali Monsefi; Afrasyab Rahnama; masomeh farzaneh
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of chemical and integrated weed management on yield and yield components of grain maize and weed population, the study has been conducted as a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2018-19 in Shavar Research Center in Shavar region of Shousha ...
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In order to investigate the effects of chemical and integrated weed management on yield and yield components of grain maize and weed population, the study has been conducted as a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2018-19 in Shavar Research Center in Shavar region of Shousha city. Treatments include unweeded (control), hand weeding, 1.5 liters of atrazine, 1 liter of atrazine + straw mulch, 175 g of ultima, 150 g of ultima + straw mulch, 1.5 liter 2,4-D + MCPA, 1 liter 2,4-D + MCPA + straw mulch, 1.5 liters cruise, and 1 liter of cruise + straw mulch. Results show that the highest grain yield has been obtained in hand weeding treatment as well as 1 liter of cruise + straw mulch by 14.4 and 13.2 t ha-1, respectively. The highest biological yield is recorded in hand weeding treatment (31.5 t ha-1). In case of harvest index, 1.5 liters of cruise show the highest value (55.7%), followed by 1.5 liters of 2,4-D + MCPA and 1.5 liters of atrazine by 53.6% and 47.7%, respectively. In terms of weed population dynamics, hand weeding, and 1 liter of cruise + straw mulch cause the greatest decrease in weed population and dry weight which reduce crop competition and increase productivity. In general, based on the results, the adoption of integrated approaches (chemical + cultural + mechanical) can make a significant contribution to increasing corn yield and reducing environmental pollution.
Fazileh Dahie-Zehi; Mahmood Ramroudi; Abdolshakor Raissi
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of drought stress on some morphological traits, yield, yield components, and oil percentage of sesame genotypes, an experiment has been conducted in form of split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications during 2018 at the Research Farm of ...
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In order to investigate the effect of drought stress on some morphological traits, yield, yield components, and oil percentage of sesame genotypes, an experiment has been conducted in form of split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications during 2018 at the Research Farm of Velayat University, Iranshahr. Drought stress factor includes normal irrigation (based on 100 mm evaporation from Class A evaporation pan) and drought stress (based on 200 mm evaporation from Class A evaporation pan) as the main factor, while sesame cultivars, including Dashtestan 2 and 5, Yelovait, Jiroft13, Iandraces of Dom Siah, and Darab1 have been the subfactor. Results show that drought stress significantly reduces plant height, number of branch and capsule per plant, number of seed per capsule and seed, biological yield, and oil yield and percentage. The increase in seed yield under normal irrigation conditions has been 28.67%, compared to drought stress conditions. Among all cultivars, Darab-1 has had the highest seed and oil yield in comparison with other cultivars under both irrigation conditions; therefore, this cultivar will be suitable for cultivation in Iranshahr. The correlation results show that seed yield has had a positive and significant correlation with the number of capsules per plant, number of seed per capsule, biological yield, and 1000-seed weight, with the highest correlation being related to seed and oil yield.
Amir hooshang Jalali; Ahmad Mousapour Gorji
Abstract
The phenomenon of reduced potato yield have increased in recent years under adverse conditions, such as water stress. The effects of water stress on yield and yield component of three potato cultivars have been evaluated in this study during 2019 growing season. This investigation has been arranged as ...
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The phenomenon of reduced potato yield have increased in recent years under adverse conditions, such as water stress. The effects of water stress on yield and yield component of three potato cultivars have been evaluated in this study during 2019 growing season. This investigation has been arranged as split-plot experiment, based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at Rozveh Agricultural Research Station (Chadegan, Isfahan, Iran). The main-plots are assigned to irrigation levels (75% and 100% field capacity) and sub-plots to potato cultivars (Marfona, Agria, and Atousa). To ensure the initial establishment of the plant and prevent severe crop failure, one additional irrigation has been performed at the establishment stage, with two supplementary irrigations performed at the tuber initiation stage for all plots. There has been a significant interaction between irrigation level and cultivars for tuber yields (α<%1) as well as other traits (α<%5). In water stress conditions, yield and water use efficiency of Atousa, new cultivar, are more than the other cultivars. Marketable yield of Atousa cultivar is about 40% higher than Marfona and Agria cultivars. The new cultivar produces 6.53 kg of tubers per cubic meter of water, while water use efficiency for Marfona and Agria is only 4.82 and 5.02 kg m-3, respectively. In conclusion, it is suggested that Atusa cultivar in both water stress and in normal conditions is more suitable for cultivation in the study area than in Marfona and Agria cultivars.
mohammadsaleh ravan; ali Rahemi karizaki; Abbas Biabani; Ali Nakhzari Moghaddam; ebrahim gholamali pouralmdari
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of barley cultivars on the yield and yield components of grain under rain-fed conditions a factorial experiment has been carried out in a randomized complete block design with four replications at Gonbad-e Kavous University Research Field during 2016 – 2017 and ...
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In order to investigate the effect of barley cultivars on the yield and yield components of grain under rain-fed conditions a factorial experiment has been carried out in a randomized complete block design with four replications at Gonbad-e Kavous University Research Field during 2016 – 2017 and 2017 – 2018 growing seasons. Density treatments of 200, 300, 400, and 500 grain per square meter have been considered as the first, and four barley cultivars, namely Fardan, Khorram, Mahoor, and Sahra, have been taken as the second factors. In case of the number of grains per spike and the number of spikes per square meter, Sahra cultivar in minimum density and Mahoor cultivar in maximum density have proven to be the best cultivars, respectively. The highest thousand grain weight belongs to Fardan cultivar. Maximum grain yield in first and second year of the experiment have been obtained from Mahoor cultivars with 300 grains in meter square and Khorram with 200 grains in meter square, respectively. Higher yield in the second year than the first one seems to be due to higher rainfall and more appropriate distribution, especially in the reproductive stage and grain filling period. In both years, a negative and strong correlation is observed between the number of spikes per square meter and the number of grains per spike (r=-0.67 and r=-0.83 in the first and second year, respectively); but this correlation has been positive with grain yield. The highest positive and significant correlation belongs to the one between grain yield, harvest index, and biological yield. According to the results, an increase in grain yield is due to the increase in both harvest index and biological yield. Finally, optimum density for maximum grain yield has been 200 grain in meter square for Fardan, Khorram, and Sahra; and 300 for Mahoor.
Leyli Golchin; Afshin Tavakoli; Ehsan Mohseni Fard
Abstract
In order to evaluate the increment possibility of safflower seed yield and oil percentage through the application of cytokinin, a split factorial experiment has been conducted based on randomized complete block design with four replications at the research farm of Agriculture Faculty, the University ...
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In order to evaluate the increment possibility of safflower seed yield and oil percentage through the application of cytokinin, a split factorial experiment has been conducted based on randomized complete block design with four replications at the research farm of Agriculture Faculty, the University of Zanjan, during the 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 cropping seasons. In this experiment, irrigation levels include optimal irrigation and drought stress to main plots and safflower cultivars, namely Sina, Faraman, Parnyan, Gholdasht, and Mahaly Esfahan, and three levels of cytokinin (6-Benzyl Aminopurine), including non-application (control), 50, and 75 μM, have been allocated to subplots as factorial. At the flowering stage, simultaneous with applying drought stress, safflower plants havee been sprayed with 6-Benzyl Aminopurine. Results show that drought stress has decreased yield components, seed yield, biological yield, harvest index, oil percentage, and oil yield and the application of cytokinin minimizes the negative impacts of drought stress, while boosting the above traits. The highest seed yield has been obtained from applying 75 μM of cytokinin, with an increase of 30.7% compared to the control. Also, among the studied cultivars, the Mahaly Esfahan cultivar under optimal irrigation with an average of 36.09% shows a higher oil percentage, compared to other cultivars. Therefore, the use of cytokinin can be suggested as a solution to decrease the negative effects of drought stress and enhance seed yield and oil percentage of safflower under optimal irrigation and drought stress conditions.
Hossein Akbia; Elham Elahifard; Abdolreza Siahpoosh; Ahmad Zare
Abstract
Due to the low competitive ability of sesame against weeds, the presence of weeds greatly reduces sesame yield, therefore, weed control is very important in this crop. An experiment was carried out as split plots based on randomized complete block design with three replications in July 2017 in Ramhormoz, ...
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Due to the low competitive ability of sesame against weeds, the presence of weeds greatly reduces sesame yield, therefore, weed control is very important in this crop. An experiment was carried out as split plots based on randomized complete block design with three replications in July 2017 in Ramhormoz, Khuzestan, Iran. In this experiment, treatments including sowing method as the main plot at three levels (flat, sowing on ridge and in farrow) and herbicide application as the sub plot including oxyfluorfen (360 ml ai ha-1), diuron (540 g ai ha-1), trifluralin (1200 ml ai ha-1), and linuron (562.5 ml ai ha-1). Hand weeding and weed infested treatments, also, were considered for comparison. Results indicated that the highest dry weight reduction percentage of nulta jute (Corchorus olitorius L.) was observed in trifluralin application in farrow (83.09%) at 75 days after herbicide application and field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) in oxyflurfen application (83.30%) at 30 days after treatment. The highest of biological and seed yield was observed in hand weeding in farrow (10142.7 and 1930.37 Kg ha-1, respectively). Application of trifluralin in farrow, also, was effective treatment according seed yield (1878.2 Kg ha-1). The highest oil percentage (52.36%) was obtained in hand weeding in farrow. The highest harvest index (18.23%) was observed in farrow. Totally, the best integrated method to control weeds and improve sesame yield, was sowing in farrow along with hand weeding, or the application of trifluralin.
Ali Nakhzari Moghaddam; Mojtaba Salehi Sheikhi; ali Rahemi karizaki; Majid Mohamad Eamaeili
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of pea cultivars and planting pattern on yield and seed protein of pea, total yield and LER, a factorial experiment (two factors) was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in research farm of Gonbad Kavous University during 2016-2017. ...
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In order to investigate the effect of pea cultivars and planting pattern on yield and seed protein of pea, total yield and LER, a factorial experiment (two factors) was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in research farm of Gonbad Kavous University during 2016-2017. In this experiment, two cultivars of pea (Poffaki (Aspersion) and Shamshiri (Swordfish)) and a native variety of spinach were used. Nine planting pattern i.e. sole pea and spinach, replacement series of 33, 50 and 67% spinach instead of pea and additive series of 33, 50, 67 and 100% spinach to pea. Effect of pea cultivar and planting pattern were significant on most of traits. Plant length, 100-seed weight, pod weight, pod yield per plant, fresh weight of pea plant and pod yield in Poffaki was higher than Shamshiri but number of pod per plant and harvest index in Shamshiri was higher than Poffaki. Number of pod per plant, pod weight, pod yield per plant, 100-seed weight, harvest index, and fresh weight of pea in sole pea and replacement series was higher than additive series. Addition of spinach in additive series reduced traits of pea but total yield increased. According to the results, yield of Poffaki cultivar was 11.81% higher than Shamshiri and the highest total yield with 30.1 ton/ha obtained from additive series of 100% pea + 100% spinach. Land equivalent ratio (LER) was over than 1 in all intercropping treatments that indicates the superiority of intercropping.
Seyed Abdollah Hosseini Chamani; Mohammad Hossain Gharineh; Abdol Mehdi Bakhshandeh; Amin Lotfi jalal-abadi
Volume 21, Issue 2 , July 2019, , Pages 119-130
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effects of irrigation intervals, mycorrhizal fungi and zeolite fertilizer on some Mung bean traits, a factorial splitting experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications in the Izeh region in July 2015-1016. The main factor included irrigation ...
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In order to evaluate the effects of irrigation intervals, mycorrhizal fungi and zeolite fertilizer on some Mung bean traits, a factorial splitting experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications in the Izeh region in July 2015-1016. The main factor included irrigation interval at three levels (7, 10 and 13 days) and various factors were Mycorrhiza inoculated (inoculated and non-inoculated) and zeolite (without consumption and 2 tons per hectare) as a factorial.The results of analysis of variance showed that only interaction effect of irrigation, mycorrhiza and zeolite on stem weight, number of seeds per pod and water use efficiency were significant. The highest grain yield was observed in irrigation intervals of seven days under inoculation and non-inoculation with fungus, as well as irrigation intervals of 10 days in inoculated mycorrhizal fungus. The use of zeolite in irrigation intervals of 10 and 13 days increased the most of traits. The results of water use efficiency showed that use of Mycorrhiza fungus and zeolite fertilizer increased water use efficiency. So that, by increasing the irrigation interval from 7 days to 10 days, using mycorrhiza and zeolite can prevent decreasing of water use efficiency. According to the results of this study, using mycorrhiza fungi and zeolite fertilizer can increase the irrigation interval of mung bean from seven to 10 days in the studied area.
Mohammad Hasan Vafaei; mahdi parsa; ahmad Nezami; Ali Ganjeali; Alireza Noroozi sharaf
Abstract
Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) enjoys the second largest cultivation area among all planted pulses in Khorasan Razavi Province. In order to investigate the effect of drought stress on yield and yield components of selected lentil drought-tolerant genotypes, a split-plots experiment has been carried out ...
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Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) enjoys the second largest cultivation area among all planted pulses in Khorasan Razavi Province. In order to investigate the effect of drought stress on yield and yield components of selected lentil drought-tolerant genotypes, a split-plots experiment has been carried out with three replications at research field of Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Khorasan Razavi Province, during 2012-13. The main factor is the two irrigation levels: Non-drought stress and drought stress (providing 100% and 40% of water requirement), while the sub-factor includes nine genotypes. Results show that under non-stress conditions, the number of seed per pod, number of pods per square meter, harvest index, seed yield, and biological yield in MLC356 genotype have been significantly higher than other genotypes. However, under drought stress, the last two traits show a severe reduction. Under stress conditions, the highest and lowest levels of both maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II and economic water use efficiency belong to Cabralinta and MLC121 genotypes, respectively. Also, it is determined that the number of fertilized pods per plant and 1000 seed weight have been the most important traits to affect lentil yield.
Majid Alinaghipour; Mohammad Mirzakhani; Karim Nozad Namin
Abstract
In order to the effect of Simultaneous Cropping on agronomic characteristics of spring safflower cultivars (Cartamus tinctorius L.) in Aran and Bidgol region, this study was carried out in field of Kashan city of Esfahan province in 2013. A factorial arrangement of treatment in a randomized complete ...
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In order to the effect of Simultaneous Cropping on agronomic characteristics of spring safflower cultivars (Cartamus tinctorius L.) in Aran and Bidgol region, this study was carried out in field of Kashan city of Esfahan province in 2013. A factorial arrangement of treatment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Spring safflower cultivars (V1= Faraman, V2= Goldasht, V3= Esfahan local, V4= Soffeh) and Simultaneous cropping treatment, (S1= Cultivation of safflower + chickpea, S2= Cultivation of safflower + alfaalfa, S3= Cultivation of safflower + onion, S4= Cultivation of safflower) were assigned in plots. Each sub plot consisted of 4 rows, 5 m long with 60 cm between rows space and 4 cm between plants on the rows was used. In this study characteristics such as: days to bolling, number of branches, weight of boll, number of grain per plant, grain yield in plant, grain yield in m-2, biological yield, harvest index and alfalfa biomass were assessed. Results indicated that the effect of safflower cultivars on the characteristics such as: days to bolling, weight of boll, number of grain per plant, grain yield in plant, grain yield in m-2 and harvest index was significant. Effect of Simultaneous cropping treatment on the characteristics such as: weight of boll and biological yield was significant, too. The maximum and minimum of harvest index (33.31 and 26.52 %) were obtained with the Esfahan local and Soffeh cultivars, respectively.