Farideh Akbari; Mehdi Dahmardeh; Ali Morshdi; Ahmad Ghanbari; Soror Khoramdel
Abstract
In order to investigate the N uptake and N utilization efficiency and nitrogen harvest index in corn and bean intercropping under the influence of tillage systems and residues of wheat an experiment was performed using split- split plots based on a randomized complete block design with three replications ...
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In order to investigate the N uptake and N utilization efficiency and nitrogen harvest index in corn and bean intercropping under the influence of tillage systems and residues of wheat an experiment was performed using split- split plots based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in agricultural research field of Shahrekord during growing season of 2016–2017. The tillage systems with three levels (conventional, minimum, and no tillage) and four levels of crop residue (0, 30, 60, and 90% of straw yield of wheat) and five intercropping patterns including corn monoculture, bean monoculture, corn and bean ratio with 2:2, 3:1 and 1:3 were considered as main, sub and sub-sub plots, respectively. The results showed that the highest nitrogen content in seed and biomass of both crops under conditions of use of 60% of plant residues, no- tillage systems and their monocultures. Agronomic use nitrogen efficiency in intercropping was lower than their monocultures. The highest N utilization efficiency was obtained in 3: 1 and 2: 2, indicating a clear superiority of intercropping than monoculture. Therefore, intercropping corn and bean can improve the nitrogen utilization efficiency. By decreasing nitrogen fertilizer application, it can play an important role in the long-term sustainability of agro-ecosystems production.
Azin Najaf Abadi; Jalal Jalilian; Mohammad Reza Zardoshti
Abstract
To evaluate the quantity and quality of forage in intercropping of safflower and bitter vetch, a factorial experiment was used based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in the Faculty of Agriculture at Urmia University in the growing season of 2013-2014.The first factor was ...
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To evaluate the quantity and quality of forage in intercropping of safflower and bitter vetch, a factorial experiment was used based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in the Faculty of Agriculture at Urmia University in the growing season of 2013-2014.The first factor was the use of high-input and low-input farming systems. The high-input system involved the use of fertilizers (N and P), and chemical control of pests and weeds with the use of Metasystox and Galant. The low-input system used cow manure, bio fertilizers and no chemical material. The second factor was cropping patterns with rows ratio of 2:2, 2:3, 2:4, and 2:5 safflower/bitter vetch and safflower and bitter vetch sole cropping. Results showed that the wet and dry weights of forage grown in sole cropping was more than in all the mixed patterns. The 2:4 planting pattern in the high-input system increased the percentage of crude protein and reduced the crude fiber content of the safflower forage. High-input cropping systems produce the most digestible dry matter and soluble carbohydrate in safflower (76.86% and 11.85 percent) and bitter vetch (61.38 and 16.31 percent). In general, the maximum crude protein content and soluble carbohydrates in bitter vetch forage, and the highest index of LER (1.87) in both plants were obtain from the 2:5 planting pattern in the low-input farming system. Thus, two rows of safflower planted with five rows of bitter vetch is the best model regarding the quality and quantity of forage.