Hamdollah Eskandari; Ashraf Alizadeh-Amraie
Abstract
Energy efficiency is an important index for evaluating the sustainability of cropping systems. Therefore, the effect of supplemental irrigation on grain yield and energy efficiency of barley was evaluated under dry land farming system. The experiment had two treatments (with and without supplemental ...
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Energy efficiency is an important index for evaluating the sustainability of cropping systems. Therefore, the effect of supplemental irrigation on grain yield and energy efficiency of barley was evaluated under dry land farming system. The experiment had two treatments (with and without supplemental irrigation at flowering stage) and seven replications. Grain yield was evaluated by measuring grain yield, spike per unit area, grain per spike, 1000-grain weight, biological yield and harvest index. Energy efficiency of the system was evaluated by calculating input energy and output energy of the system used for measuring energy ratio and net output energy indices. Results indicated that supplemental irrigation at flowering stage, increased barley grain yield from 1523.56 to 2259.29 kg.ha-1 affected by grain number per spike, since 1000-grain weight and spike per unit area were not significantly affected by supplemental irrigation. Total energy input of barley dry land farming was 29812 MJ.ha-1. Supplemental irrigation was resulted in 683 MJ.ha-1 energy addition to cropping system. However, because of 48 percent increasing in grain yield resulted in 10819 MJ.ha-1 energy output of the system, which increased energy ratio and net output energy to 45 percent and 10133 MJ.ha-1, respectively. Therefore, a supplemental irrigation at flowering stage, addition to increasing of grain yield, can improve energy efficiency of barley dry land farming system.
Hamdollah Eskandari
Abstract
Effect of complementary irrigation during reproductive growth stage on grain yield, percent and yield of oil and energy efficiency of rapeseed was evaluated in a dry land farming system. Experiment was conducted with three treatments (without complementary irrigation, one complementary irrigation during ...
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Effect of complementary irrigation during reproductive growth stage on grain yield, percent and yield of oil and energy efficiency of rapeseed was evaluated in a dry land farming system. Experiment was conducted with three treatments (without complementary irrigation, one complementary irrigation during flowering and two complementary irrigations during flowering and grain filling periods) and three replications. Results indicated that silique number, grain number per silique, 1000-grain weight, biological yield, harvest index, percent and yield of oil were significantly (P≤0.01) improved by complementary irrigation. One and two complementary irrigation improved grain yield by 56 and 91 percent, respectively. Oil percent increased by one and two complementary irrigation from 32.18 to 35.0 and 37.22 percent, suggesting the improvement of oil yield up to 43 and 75 percent, respectively. Total energy input of barley dry land farming was 29007 MJ.ha-1, where the height input energy was belong to fertilizer. Supplemental irrigations increased input energy of the system. However, 488 and 789 kg/ha increasing in grain yield of one and two complementary irrigations resulted in 10596 (56 percent) and 17121 (91 percent) MJ.ha-1 of energy output of the system, respectively, suggesting supplemental irrigation can improve energy efficiency of rapeseed dry land farming system.
Kamyar Kazemi; Mohammad Khajehosseini; Ahmad Nezami; Hamdollah Eskandari
Abstract
Effect of seed priming on germination and seedling growth of sesame investigated under controlled conditions. The primed seeds with ZnSO4 had the maximum germination percentage whereas the highest germination rate was observed in hydro-primed seeds. The treated seeds with PEG showed the best growth of ...
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Effect of seed priming on germination and seedling growth of sesame investigated under controlled conditions. The primed seeds with ZnSO4 had the maximum germination percentage whereas the highest germination rate was observed in hydro-primed seeds. The treated seeds with PEG showed the best growth of the seedlings and rootlet. The complementary field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of seed priming and irrigation intervals on the growth and the yield of sesame. A split plot experiment was carried out based on the RCBD with four replications in a field in Northwest of Shadegan during 2013-14 growing season. Main plots were irrigation intervals (irrigation after 150 and 250 mm evaporation from class-A evaporation pan) and sub plots were eight seed priming levels (as the laboratory test). The maximum plant height was observed in plants from the treated seeds with CaCl2 (5 percent) and irrigated after 150 mm evaporation from pan and the minimum plant height was observed from the no-primed seeds and irrigated after 250 mm evaporation from the pan. The highest and the lowest of 1000-seed weight achieved in plants from the treated seeds with hydro-priming and irrigated after 150 mm evaporation from the pan, and in plants from the non-primed seeds and irrigated after 250 mm evaporation from the pan, respectively. The maximum amounts of biological yield, seed yield, water use efficiency, oil yield, oil percentage and the minimum protein content were achieved in plants from the treated seeds with hydro-priming. Irrigation after 250 mm evaporation from the pan decreased the yield and yield components.