University of Tehran, College of AbureyhanJournal of Crops Improvement2008-833714120120822An investigation on rooting and growth of stem cuttings of rose genotypes show high and low sensitivity to exogenous ethylene treatmentAn investigation on rooting and growth of stem cuttings of rose genotypes show high and low sensitivity to exogenous ethylene treatment1112503910.22059/jci.2012.25039FANourollahAhmadiJournal Article20160815<strong>Ethylene as a plant hormone plays various functions in a variety of physiological phenomena including seed germination, root initiation on stem cutting, senescence and organs abscission. In our previous investigation, five rose genotypes were identified showing high-sensitivity or low-sensitivity to exogenous ethylene treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rooting capacity and bud growth in stem cuttings of these genotypes. Although significant differences were found in rooting ability of 1-cm cuttings but 2-cm cuttings did not show any difference. IBA treatment did not affect root formation in low sensitive or high sensitive plants. The highest and lowest mean rooting time belong to genotypes '76.67' and 'Vanilla' respectively. There were significant differences in plant height and dry weight of shoots and roots of genotypes. This study showed that the rooting capacity was not affected by degree of plant sensitivity to ethylene.</strong><strong>Ethylene as a plant hormone plays various functions in a variety of physiological phenomena including seed germination, root initiation on stem cutting, senescence and organs abscission. In our previous investigation, five rose genotypes were identified showing high-sensitivity or low-sensitivity to exogenous ethylene treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rooting capacity and bud growth in stem cuttings of these genotypes. Although significant differences were found in rooting ability of 1-cm cuttings but 2-cm cuttings did not show any difference. IBA treatment did not affect root formation in low sensitive or high sensitive plants. The highest and lowest mean rooting time belong to genotypes '76.67' and 'Vanilla' respectively. There were significant differences in plant height and dry weight of shoots and roots of genotypes. This study showed that the rooting capacity was not affected by degree of plant sensitivity to ethylene.</strong>University of Tehran, College of AbureyhanJournal of Crops Improvement2008-833714120120822The relationship between flower yield and yield components in Damask Roes in different region of IranThe relationship between flower yield and yield components in Damask Roes in different region of Iran13192504010.22059/jci.2012.25040FAAtefehHaghi KashaniMSc in Agricultural, Aboureyhan Campus, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, IranMostafaArabSeyed RezaTabaei AghdaeiHosseinZeinaliMahmoud RezaRoozbanJournal Article20170321<strong>This study was carried out to investigate flower yield and yield components in Iranian Rosa damascena using 20 genotypes, collected from different regions of Iran and grown in Drylands and Deserts Research Station of Kashan, Iran, using a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2007-2008. Flower yield per plant, number of flowers per plant, plant height, leaf length, width, length and width of bud, length and width of pedicle, fresh weight of flower, number of petal per flower, length and width of receptacle, plant growth date, budding date, time of flowering and flowering period were recorded. A significant phenotypic correlation indicated a strong positive relationship between flower yield and number of flowers per plant. Result of stepwise regression analysis showed that 94 percent of total variation of flowers yield per plant could be explained by number of flowers per plant and weight of the fresh flower. The path analysis indicated that the number of flower per plant had the most direct effect on the yield. This suggested that number of flowers per plant and weight of the fresh flowers are the most important components determining flower yield per plant in Damask rose.</strong><strong>This study was carried out to investigate flower yield and yield components in Iranian Rosa damascena using 20 genotypes, collected from different regions of Iran and grown in Drylands and Deserts Research Station of Kashan, Iran, using a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2007-2008. Flower yield per plant, number of flowers per plant, plant height, leaf length, width, length and width of bud, length and width of pedicle, fresh weight of flower, number of petal per flower, length and width of receptacle, plant growth date, budding date, time of flowering and flowering period were recorded. A significant phenotypic correlation indicated a strong positive relationship between flower yield and number of flowers per plant. Result of stepwise regression analysis showed that 94 percent of total variation of flowers yield per plant could be explained by number of flowers per plant and weight of the fresh flower. The path analysis indicated that the number of flower per plant had the most direct effect on the yield. This suggested that number of flowers per plant and weight of the fresh flowers are the most important components determining flower yield per plant in Damask rose.</strong>University of Tehran, College of AbureyhanJournal of Crops Improvement2008-833714120120822Evaluation of temperature requirements of six apricot cultivars under lab and field conditions in ShahroodEvaluation of temperature requirements of six apricot cultivars under lab and field conditions in Shahrood21322504110.22059/jci.2012.25041FAMehdiRezaeiJournal Article20160815<strong>In this research, chilling and heating requirements of six local cultivars of apricot (Jafari, Ghavami, Jahangiri, Khiari, Khiveaee and Rajabali) were evaluated under field and lab conditions. Under lab condition, ‘Rajabali’ and in some extent ‘Johangiri’ began flowering after 500 hours in 4°C. Other cultivars except ‘Khiari’ flowered at 750 h. ‘Khiari’ flowered at 1000 h. In field, due to little difference of flowering time among cultivars, there was a low difference in chilling requirement among cultivars in all models. Calculation of chilling requirements based on chilling hours was around 1400 h while based on Utah, North Carolina and Low chilling models was 1000, 740 and 770 unit, respectively. Chilling requirement in all cultivars was 71 portions based on dynamic model calculation. Amount of heating requirement ranged from 1829 growth degree hours (GDH) in ‘Khivea’ to 3387 GDH in ‘Jafari’. Although little differences exist in flowering onset of cultivars, the differentiation of flowering period among cultivars was around one week. Cultivars showed little differences in flowering onset in locations they meet their chilling requirement.</strong><strong>In this research, chilling and heating requirements of six local cultivars of apricot (Jafari, Ghavami, Jahangiri, Khiari, Khiveaee and Rajabali) were evaluated under field and lab conditions. Under lab condition, ‘Rajabali’ and in some extent ‘Johangiri’ began flowering after 500 hours in 4°C. Other cultivars except ‘Khiari’ flowered at 750 h. ‘Khiari’ flowered at 1000 h. In field, due to little difference of flowering time among cultivars, there was a low difference in chilling requirement among cultivars in all models. Calculation of chilling requirements based on chilling hours was around 1400 h while based on Utah, North Carolina and Low chilling models was 1000, 740 and 770 unit, respectively. Chilling requirement in all cultivars was 71 portions based on dynamic model calculation. Amount of heating requirement ranged from 1829 growth degree hours (GDH) in ‘Khivea’ to 3387 GDH in ‘Jafari’. Although little differences exist in flowering onset of cultivars, the differentiation of flowering period among cultivars was around one week. Cultivars showed little differences in flowering onset in locations they meet their chilling requirement.</strong>University of Tehran, College of AbureyhanJournal of Crops Improvement2008-833714120120822Effect of different super absorbent polymer and animal manure ratios on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of soybean under drought stressEffect of different super absorbent polymer and animal manure ratios on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of soybean under drought stress33422504210.22059/jci.2012.25042FAKhadijehRoustaieMohsenMovahhedi DehnaviSeyed AliKhademHamid RezaOwliaieJournal Article20160815To investigate effects of different super absorbent polymer and animal manure ratios on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of soybean under drought stress, a split plots experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Marvdasht, Iran in 2009. Main factor included of irrigation with 50, 100 and 150 mm evaporation from pan class A and sub factor included of control, 40 t.ha-1 animal manure, 200 kg.ha-1 super absorbent polymer, 50 percent super absorbent polymer + 50 percent animal manure, 65 percent super absorbent polymer + 35 percent animal manure and 35 percent super absorbent polymer + 65 percent animal manure. The results showed that, number of pod and grain per plant, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, biological yield, protein yield and oil yield were decreased by drought stress occurrence and were increased with super absorbent polymer and animal manure application. The highest yield (2148.3 kg.ha-1) was obtained in control treatment. Results showed that the combinations of super absorbent polymer and animal manure significantly increased grain, biological, oil and protein yield compared with control. Finally, combination of 35 percent super absorbent polymer and 65 percent animal manure was the best treatment in this experiment.To investigate effects of different super absorbent polymer and animal manure ratios on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of soybean under drought stress, a split plots experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Marvdasht, Iran in 2009. Main factor included of irrigation with 50, 100 and 150 mm evaporation from pan class A and sub factor included of control, 40 t.ha-1 animal manure, 200 kg.ha-1 super absorbent polymer, 50 percent super absorbent polymer + 50 percent animal manure, 65 percent super absorbent polymer + 35 percent animal manure and 35 percent super absorbent polymer + 65 percent animal manure. The results showed that, number of pod and grain per plant, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, biological yield, protein yield and oil yield were decreased by drought stress occurrence and were increased with super absorbent polymer and animal manure application. The highest yield (2148.3 kg.ha-1) was obtained in control treatment. Results showed that the combinations of super absorbent polymer and animal manure significantly increased grain, biological, oil and protein yield compared with control. Finally, combination of 35 percent super absorbent polymer and 65 percent animal manure was the best treatment in this experiment.University of Tehran, College of AbureyhanJournal of Crops Improvement2008-833714120120822Evaluation of chemical control of broad-leaved weeds in new seeded alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)Evaluation of chemical control of broad-leaved weeds in new seeded alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)43552504310.22059/jci.2012.25043FAFaribiMeighaniAjangJahediSeyed MohammadMirvakiliParvizShimiMohammad AliBaghestaniJournal Article20160809<strong>In order to study of the efficacy of herbicides in weed control of new seeded alfalfa, an experiment was conducted in Hamedan and Yazd cities, Iran during 2009-2010. The treatments were Bentazone (Bazagran) (SL 48%) two, three and four L.ha-1, 2,4-DB (Butress) (EC 42.3%) 2.5, 2.8, 3.1 and 3.5 L.ha-1, Imazethapyr (Pursuit) (SL 10%) 0.4, 0.7 and one L/ha and without herbicide control treatment. The herbicides effect on alfalfa biomass and the biomass and density of weeds was studied during three cuttings. In Yazd, 2,4-DB 3.5 L.ha-1 was the best treartment for controlling weeds and increasing alfalfa biomass. 2,4-DB 3.5 and 2.8 L.ha-1 controled the density and biomass of Malva and Lactuca to 100 and 88 percent, respectively. In Hamedan, herbicides treatments had no phytotoxocity on alfalfa. Only Bentazone caused chlorosis in alfalfa that recovered that after one to two weeks. 2,4-DB not only was suitable in control ling broad leaves weeds, but also was successful in field bindweed control. Overall. 2,4-DB seems to be an efficient herbicide</strong><strong>In order to study of the efficacy of herbicides in weed control of new seeded alfalfa, an experiment was conducted in Hamedan and Yazd cities, Iran during 2009-2010. The treatments were Bentazone (Bazagran) (SL 48%) two, three and four L.ha-1, 2,4-DB (Butress) (EC 42.3%) 2.5, 2.8, 3.1 and 3.5 L.ha-1, Imazethapyr (Pursuit) (SL 10%) 0.4, 0.7 and one L/ha and without herbicide control treatment. The herbicides effect on alfalfa biomass and the biomass and density of weeds was studied during three cuttings. In Yazd, 2,4-DB 3.5 L.ha-1 was the best treartment for controlling weeds and increasing alfalfa biomass. 2,4-DB 3.5 and 2.8 L.ha-1 controled the density and biomass of Malva and Lactuca to 100 and 88 percent, respectively. In Hamedan, herbicides treatments had no phytotoxocity on alfalfa. Only Bentazone caused chlorosis in alfalfa that recovered that after one to two weeks. 2,4-DB not only was suitable in control ling broad leaves weeds, but also was successful in field bindweed control. Overall. 2,4-DB seems to be an efficient herbicide</strong>University of Tehran, College of AbureyhanJournal of Crops Improvement2008-833714120120822Effect of interval irrigation and splastic and organic mulches on quantity and quality traits in melonEffect of interval irrigation and splastic and organic mulches on quantity and quality traits in melon57662504410.22059/jci.2012.25044FAHosseinNastari NasrabadiHosseinNematiAli RezaSobhaniHosseinAroieeJournal Article20160815<strong>Using mulch to decrease and optimize water use, increase yield and fruit quality is known as a practical method. For this purpose, a split-factorial experiment based on complete block design with three replications on two melon cultivars was conducted in Torbat-e-Jam, Iran. Interval irrigation treatments in three levels (six, eight and 10 days) were considered as main plot and mulch (rice straw and paddy, plastic and no mulch) and cultivar (Khatooni and Ghasri) were considered as sub plots in a factorial design. Results showed that there was a significant difference between plastic mulch and the control and also between interval irrigation treatments for yield, sugar percentage, resistance to damping off and spider mite, leaf area and soil moisture. The largest leaf area and soil moisture was observed with plastic mulch. The largest contamination to spider mite and damping off were occurred using straw plus paddy rice mulch. Plastic mulch increased the sugar percentage of both cultivars as well. Plastic mulch for six day interval irrigation increased yield and fruit quality through increased yield and fruit quality to increase for more than eight day interval irrigation. Regarding the advantages of plastic mulch for reduction of water use and improvement of yield and fruit quality, using plastic mulches is recommended for dry lands.</strong><strong>Using mulch to decrease and optimize water use, increase yield and fruit quality is known as a practical method. For this purpose, a split-factorial experiment based on complete block design with three replications on two melon cultivars was conducted in Torbat-e-Jam, Iran. Interval irrigation treatments in three levels (six, eight and 10 days) were considered as main plot and mulch (rice straw and paddy, plastic and no mulch) and cultivar (Khatooni and Ghasri) were considered as sub plots in a factorial design. Results showed that there was a significant difference between plastic mulch and the control and also between interval irrigation treatments for yield, sugar percentage, resistance to damping off and spider mite, leaf area and soil moisture. The largest leaf area and soil moisture was observed with plastic mulch. The largest contamination to spider mite and damping off were occurred using straw plus paddy rice mulch. Plastic mulch increased the sugar percentage of both cultivars as well. Plastic mulch for six day interval irrigation increased yield and fruit quality through increased yield and fruit quality to increase for more than eight day interval irrigation. Regarding the advantages of plastic mulch for reduction of water use and improvement of yield and fruit quality, using plastic mulches is recommended for dry lands.</strong>University of Tehran, College of AbureyhanJournal of Crops Improvement2008-833714120120822Effect of zeolite application and selenium spraying on water relations traits and antioxidant enzymes in medicinal pumpkin under water deficit stress conditionsEffect of zeolite application and selenium spraying on water relations traits and antioxidant enzymes in medicinal pumpkin under water deficit stress conditions67812504510.22059/jci.2012.25045FAMasoomehNaeemi0000-0001-7676-6289Gholam AliAkbari0000-0002-3660-8718Amir HosseinShirani RadTaherehHassanlouGholam AbbasAkbari0000-0003-0380-1156Journal Article20160815<strong>In order to evaluation the effect of zeolite application and selenium spraying on water relations traits and antioxidant enzymes in medicinal pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) at water deficit stress conditions, an experiment was conducted in factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications during 2010 in Takestan, Iran. The three levels of irrigation factor include normal irrigation (control), withhold irrigation at the flowering and fruit formation stages, zeolite factors include two levels of non application and use of 10 tons per hectare and selenium was sprayed at two concentration in zero and 30 grams per liter per hectare. Water deficit increased antioxidant enzymes activity, so that the increase in stressed plants at flowering stage was among the most prominent. Selenium spraying increased the anti-oxidative activity. Zeolite application of 10 tons per hectare, reduced stress effects and improved traits as RWC, WSD, soluble protein content, number of seeds, 100 seed weight and oil yield. According to the results, application of zeoilite under drought stress condition retain the moisture during stress and can be useful in improving plant growth and production.</strong><strong>In order to evaluation the effect of zeolite application and selenium spraying on water relations traits and antioxidant enzymes in medicinal pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) at water deficit stress conditions, an experiment was conducted in factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications during 2010 in Takestan, Iran. The three levels of irrigation factor include normal irrigation (control), withhold irrigation at the flowering and fruit formation stages, zeolite factors include two levels of non application and use of 10 tons per hectare and selenium was sprayed at two concentration in zero and 30 grams per liter per hectare. Water deficit increased antioxidant enzymes activity, so that the increase in stressed plants at flowering stage was among the most prominent. Selenium spraying increased the anti-oxidative activity. Zeolite application of 10 tons per hectare, reduced stress effects and improved traits as RWC, WSD, soluble protein content, number of seeds, 100 seed weight and oil yield. According to the results, application of zeoilite under drought stress condition retain the moisture during stress and can be useful in improving plant growth and production.</strong>