University of Tehran perss Journal of Crops Improvement 2008-8337 24 1 2022 03 21 The Effect of Foliar Application of Some Chemical Compounds on ‎Antioxidant Enzymes Activity and Chlorophyll Fluorescence of Sunflower ‎in Different Irrigation Conditions The Effect of Foliar Application of Some Chemical Compounds on ‎Antioxidant Enzymes Activity and Chlorophyll Fluorescence of Sunflower ‎in Different Irrigation Conditions 1 14 86848 10.22059/jci.2021.307719.2432 FA Mohammad Yazdandoost Hamedani Former Ph.D. Student, Department of Plant Production and Genetic Engineering, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran Mokhtar Ghobadi Associate Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetic Engineering, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran 0000-0002-5729-4666 Mohammad Eghbal Ghobadi Associate Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetic Engineering, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran Saeid Jalali Honarmand Associate Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetic Engineering, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran Mohsen Saeidi Associate Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetic Engineering, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran Journal Article 2020 08 06 In order to evaluate the effect of foliar application of some chemicals on antioxidant enzymes activity and chlorophyll fluorescence of sunflower in different irrigation conditions as well as identifying compounds’ effectiveness in reducing the adverse effects of drought stress, this experiment has been conducted at the Agricultural Research Center of Hamedan, Iran, between 2015 and 2016. Three irrigation and six foliar application treatments are evaluated in a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Irrigation treatments consist of 60%, 80%, and 100% plant water requirement and foliar application treatments include abscisic acid 40 μM, Selenium 20 mg/L, Salicylic acid 500 μM, SNP 100 μM, Glycine betaine 100 mM, and the control. Results show that by decreasing the irrigation water, the activity of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase enzymes rise sharply, while the maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II and grain yield decline. The interaction effect of irrigation × foliar application on the activity of antioxidant enzymes and grain yield is significant, but not so on chlorophyll fluorescence. In deficit irrigation treatments, foliar application of all chemical compounds significantly boost the activity of antioxidant enzymes, compared to the control. Application of salicylic acid raises the maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II and grain yield, at all irrigation conditions. Under 60%, 80%, and 100% irrigation conditions, salicylic acid application increases grain yield by 24.3%, 10.1%, and 4.9%, respectively. In order to evaluate the effect of foliar application of some chemicals on antioxidant enzymes activity and chlorophyll fluorescence of sunflower in different irrigation conditions as well as identifying compounds’ effectiveness in reducing the adverse effects of drought stress, this experiment has been conducted at the Agricultural Research Center of Hamedan, Iran, between 2015 and 2016. Three irrigation and six foliar application treatments are evaluated in a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Irrigation treatments consist of 60%, 80%, and 100% plant water requirement and foliar application treatments include abscisic acid 40 μM, Selenium 20 mg/L, Salicylic acid 500 μM, SNP 100 μM, Glycine betaine 100 mM, and the control. Results show that by decreasing the irrigation water, the activity of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase enzymes rise sharply, while the maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II and grain yield decline. The interaction effect of irrigation × foliar application on the activity of antioxidant enzymes and grain yield is significant, but not so on chlorophyll fluorescence. In deficit irrigation treatments, foliar application of all chemical compounds significantly boost the activity of antioxidant enzymes, compared to the control. Application of salicylic acid raises the maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II and grain yield, at all irrigation conditions. Under 60%, 80%, and 100% irrigation conditions, salicylic acid application increases grain yield by 24.3%, 10.1%, and 4.9%, respectively.

https://jci.ut.ac.ir/article_86848_162f1d592f1251b0beebe78477cf5772.pdf

University of Tehran perss Journal of Crops Improvement 2008-8337 24 1 2022 03 21 Evaluation of quantitative and qualitative yield of forage from additive series of snail medic in intercropping with sorghum under low irrigation condition Evaluation of quantitative and qualitative yield of forage from additive series of snail medic in intercropping with sorghum under low irrigation condition 15 29 87129 10.22059/jci.2021.312749.2470 FA Saeed Sharafi Assistant Professor, Department of Environment Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak, Iran Journal Article 2020 10 29 Compensating water shortage requires the use of proper agricultural management methods. Thus, the present experiment aims at investigating different irrigation levels based on water requirement of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) on qualitative and quantitative yield of forage produced by combined cropping patterns of sorghum and snail medic (Medicago scutellata L.). The experiment is conducted in split plots design based on randomized complete blocks with three replications in two years (2017-2018 and 2018-2019). The treatments include irrigation levels of 50%, 75%, 100%, and 125% (as the main plot) and cropping patterns sole-cropping sorghum, sole-cropping snail medic, cropping pattern of 100% sorghum with additive series of 50%, 75%, and 100% snail medic (as the subplot). Results show that the highest fresh and dry forage yield are obtained in 125% water requirement as well as 100% sorghum and 100% snail medic (with 53578.45 and 13302.68 kg ha-1). In addition to the effective application of land (land equivalent ratio = 1.29), fresh and dry forage yield have increased by 834 and 63.36 kg ha-1, respectively. The analysis of forage quality show that with a decrease in the portion of the snail medic, the percentage of protein has decreased by 11.05%. Also, the highest percentage of crude ash and digestible matter have been obtained in the treatment of sorghum sole cropping (11.79% and 81.04%, respectively) and the highest percentage of acid detergent fiber in the treatment of snail medic sole cropping (30.94%). According to the results, it is possible that the use of crop with low water requirements like snail medic in mix cropping system (100:100) increases the quality and quantity of forage, boosting water productivity as well. Compensating water shortage requires the use of proper agricultural management methods. Thus, the present experiment aims at investigating different irrigation levels based on water requirement of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) on qualitative and quantitative yield of forage produced by combined cropping patterns of sorghum and snail medic (Medicago scutellata L.). The experiment is conducted in split plots design based on randomized complete blocks with three replications in two years (2017-2018 and 2018-2019). The treatments include irrigation levels of 50%, 75%, 100%, and 125% (as the main plot) and cropping patterns sole-cropping sorghum, sole-cropping snail medic, cropping pattern of 100% sorghum with additive series of 50%, 75%, and 100% snail medic (as the subplot). Results show that the highest fresh and dry forage yield are obtained in 125% water requirement as well as 100% sorghum and 100% snail medic (with 53578.45 and 13302.68 kg ha-1). In addition to the effective application of land (land equivalent ratio = 1.29), fresh and dry forage yield have increased by 834 and 63.36 kg ha-1, respectively. The analysis of forage quality show that with a decrease in the portion of the snail medic, the percentage of protein has decreased by 11.05%. Also, the highest percentage of crude ash and digestible matter have been obtained in the treatment of sorghum sole cropping (11.79% and 81.04%, respectively) and the highest percentage of acid detergent fiber in the treatment of snail medic sole cropping (30.94%). According to the results, it is possible that the use of crop with low water requirements like snail medic in mix cropping system (100:100) increases the quality and quantity of forage, boosting water productivity as well.

https://jci.ut.ac.ir/article_87129_743dea871a6f9251ae235912b2f732cb.pdf

University of Tehran perss Journal of Crops Improvement 2008-8337 24 1 2022 03 21 Evaluation of germination in chia as a medicinal-oil seed plant under environmental stresses Evaluation of germination in chia as a medicinal-oil seed plant under environmental stresses 31 40 86849 10.22059/jci.2021.311317.2458 FA Ahmad Zare Assistant Professor, Plant Production and Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran. 0000-0003-2505-6134 Aydin Khodaeaei Assistant Professor, Plant Production and Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran. 0000-0002-6074-7611 Zienab Khezrepoor B.Sc. Student, Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran. Journal Article 2020 10 05 In order to evaluate the response from chia (Salvia hispanica L.) to temperature, under abiotic stresses (salinity and drought) three separate experiments was carried out in the laboratory of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources at University of Khuzestan in four replications in 2018. Treatments included temperature (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 °C), salinity (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, and 400 mM), and drought stress (-0.2, -0.4, -0.6, -0.8, -1, 1.2, and 1.4 MPa). In response to temperature, chia proved to be capable of germinating in the range of 10 to 40 °C. The base temperature, optimum temperature, and ceiling temperature were predicted to be 6, 28, and 44°C respectively. Germination percentage and germination rate decreased in response to salinity and at salinity of 400 mM, germination was completely inhibited. Salinity reduction of 50% in germination percentage and germination rate obtained at salinity 349 and 236 mM. 50% reduction in germination percentage and germination rate was observed at -0.92 and -0.79 MPa of drought stress. According to x50 parameter, chia is resistant to salinity and drought stresses. In conditions of saline soils and drought stress, it can be recommended for cultivation to farmers. In order to evaluate the response from chia (Salvia hispanica L.) to temperature, under abiotic stresses (salinity and drought) three separate experiments was carried out in the laboratory of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources at University of Khuzestan in four replications in 2018. Treatments included temperature (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 °C), salinity (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, and 400 mM), and drought stress (-0.2, -0.4, -0.6, -0.8, -1, 1.2, and 1.4 MPa). In response to temperature, chia proved to be capable of germinating in the range of 10 to 40 °C. The base temperature, optimum temperature, and ceiling temperature were predicted to be 6, 28, and 44°C respectively. Germination percentage and germination rate decreased in response to salinity and at salinity of 400 mM, germination was completely inhibited. Salinity reduction of 50% in germination percentage and germination rate obtained at salinity 349 and 236 mM. 50% reduction in germination percentage and germination rate was observed at -0.92 and -0.79 MPa of drought stress. According to x50 parameter, chia is resistant to salinity and drought stresses. In conditions of saline soils and drought stress, it can be recommended for cultivation to farmers.

https://jci.ut.ac.ir/article_86849_3abee83cf182a5d08c33e30e8ec94b6b.pdf

University of Tehran perss Journal of Crops Improvement 2008-8337 24 1 2022 03 21 Investigation of Some Morphological Traits, Yield, Yield Components, and Oil Percentage of Sesame Genotypes under Drought Stress Conditions Investigation of Some Morphological Traits, Yield, Yield Components, and Oil Percentage of Sesame Genotypes under Drought Stress Conditions 41 51 86885 10.22059/jci.2021.316826.2499 FA Fazileh Dahie-Zehi M.Sc. Student, Agriculture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran. Mahmood Ramroudi Associate Professor, Agriculture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran. Abdolshakor Raissi Instructor, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Velayat University, Iranshahr, Iran. 0000-0003-4436-2364 Journal Article 2021 01 07 In order to investigate the effect of drought stress on some morphological traits, yield, yield components, and oil percentage of sesame genotypes, an experiment has been conducted in form of split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications during 2018 at the Research Farm of Velayat University, Iranshahr. Drought stress factor includes normal irrigation (based on 100 mm evaporation from Class A evaporation pan) and drought stress (based on 200 mm evaporation from Class A evaporation pan) as the main factor, while sesame cultivars, including Dashtestan 2 and 5, Yelovait, Jiroft13, Iandraces of Dom Siah, and Darab1 have been the subfactor. Results show that drought stress significantly reduces plant height, number of branch and capsule per plant, number of seed per capsule and seed, biological yield, and oil yield and percentage. The increase in seed yield under normal irrigation conditions has been 28.67%, compared to drought stress conditions. Among all cultivars, Darab-1 has had the highest seed and oil yield in comparison with other cultivars under both irrigation conditions; therefore, this cultivar will be suitable for cultivation in Iranshahr. The correlation results show that seed yield has had a positive and significant correlation with the number of capsules per plant, number of seed per capsule, biological yield, and 1000-seed weight, with the highest correlation being related to seed and oil yield. In order to investigate the effect of drought stress on some morphological traits, yield, yield components, and oil percentage of sesame genotypes, an experiment has been conducted in form of split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications during 2018 at the Research Farm of Velayat University, Iranshahr. Drought stress factor includes normal irrigation (based on 100 mm evaporation from Class A evaporation pan) and drought stress (based on 200 mm evaporation from Class A evaporation pan) as the main factor, while sesame cultivars, including Dashtestan 2 and 5, Yelovait, Jiroft13, Iandraces of Dom Siah, and Darab1 have been the subfactor. Results show that drought stress significantly reduces plant height, number of branch and capsule per plant, number of seed per capsule and seed, biological yield, and oil yield and percentage. The increase in seed yield under normal irrigation conditions has been 28.67%, compared to drought stress conditions. Among all cultivars, Darab-1 has had the highest seed and oil yield in comparison with other cultivars under both irrigation conditions; therefore, this cultivar will be suitable for cultivation in Iranshahr. The correlation results show that seed yield has had a positive and significant correlation with the number of capsules per plant, number of seed per capsule, biological yield, and 1000-seed weight, with the highest correlation being related to seed and oil yield.

https://jci.ut.ac.ir/article_86885_1adc5feff3ea33dab640399993a4f8b0.pdf

University of Tehran perss Journal of Crops Improvement 2008-8337 24 1 2022 03 21 The effect of living mulch type and planting time on weed control and black seed yield The effect of living mulch type and planting time on weed control and black seed yield 53 66 86851 10.22059/jci.2021.317832.2508 FA Peyman Sharifi M.Sc. Student, Department of Agronomy Sciences and Plant Breeding, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran. Fatemeh Benakashani Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy Sciences and Plant Breeding, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran 0000-0002-9123-5168 Iraj Allah Dadi Professor, Department of Agronomy Sciences and Plant Breeding, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran. 0000-0002-8103-2543 Gholam Akbari Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy Sciences and Plant Breeding, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran. 0000-0003-0380-1156 Journal Article 2021 01 24 To evaluate the effect of living mulches on weed control and yield of Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) weeds by living mulch, a factorial split experiment has been conducted in the form of a randomized complete block design with four replications in the research farm of Aburaihan Campus, the University of Tehran in the 2017-2018 crop year. Factors of seedbed planting (stale seedbed and simple), type of living mulch (berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.), fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.), and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), as well as planting time of living mulch (two weeks before and at the same time of black seed cultivation). The first factor is in the main plots and the combination of the second and third factors, in the subplots. Results show that fenugreek and alfalfa have been more successful in terms of weed control than clover with a 40% reduction in weed density and biomass, compared to the control without either live mulch or weeding. Also, in order to achieve the highest percentage of black cumin yield traits (83.02, 93.44, and 50.50), the number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, and 1000-seed weight are compared to the control. It is recommended to cultivate fenugreek at the same time as black cumin. In case of alfalfa, pre-sowing is also recommended. Stale seedbed planting system does not play a positive and significant role in weed control and increase in black seed yield traits. It is also better to grow fenugreek at the same time as black seed to get more seed yield in black cumin, but in case of alfalfa, it is better to plant earlier than black seed in the absence of any significant difference among planting times. It seems that alfalfa and fenugreek control weeds by accelerating canopy closure, increasing weed competition with black seed, not interfering negatively with black seed growth, and providing nitrogen to black seed have increased its yield. To evaluate the effect of living mulches on weed control and yield of Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) weeds by living mulch, a factorial split experiment has been conducted in the form of a randomized complete block design with four replications in the research farm of Aburaihan Campus, the University of Tehran in the 2017-2018 crop year. Factors of seedbed planting (stale seedbed and simple), type of living mulch (berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.), fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.), and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), as well as planting time of living mulch (two weeks before and at the same time of black seed cultivation). The first factor is in the main plots and the combination of the second and third factors, in the subplots. Results show that fenugreek and alfalfa have been more successful in terms of weed control than clover with a 40% reduction in weed density and biomass, compared to the control without either live mulch or weeding. Also, in order to achieve the highest percentage of black cumin yield traits (83.02, 93.44, and 50.50), the number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, and 1000-seed weight are compared to the control. It is recommended to cultivate fenugreek at the same time as black cumin. In case of alfalfa, pre-sowing is also recommended. Stale seedbed planting system does not play a positive and significant role in weed control and increase in black seed yield traits. It is also better to grow fenugreek at the same time as black seed to get more seed yield in black cumin, but in case of alfalfa, it is better to plant earlier than black seed in the absence of any significant difference among planting times. It seems that alfalfa and fenugreek control weeds by accelerating canopy closure, increasing weed competition with black seed, not interfering negatively with black seed growth, and providing nitrogen to black seed have increased its yield.

https://jci.ut.ac.ir/article_86851_9f4dec2938812d04faaa597f675f57db.pdf

University of Tehran perss Journal of Crops Improvement 2008-8337 24 1 2022 03 21 Effect of putrescine and biofertilizers on grain yield and some physiological indices of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at various irrigation levels Effect of putrescine and biofertilizers on grain yield and some physiological indices of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at various irrigation levels 67 83 86850 10.22059/jci.2021.308522.2439 FA Alireza Mohseni Ph.D. Student, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. Raouf Seyed Sharif Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. 0000-0003-2567-7029 Saeid Khomari Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. Journal Article 2020 08 19 In order to study the effect of bio fertilizers and putrescine on yield and some traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at various irrigation levels, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, during 2018-2019. The factors include irrigation (full irrigation as control, irrigation withholding at 50% of heading and booting stages), bio fertilizers (no bio fertilizer, application of mycorrhiza, both application Psedomunas and Flavobacterim, application of mycorrhiza with Psedomunas and Flavobacterim) and putrescine foliar application (foliar application with water as control, foliar application with 0.5 and 1 mM of putrescine). Comparison of the means showed that the maximum amount of relative water content of flag leaf; chlorophyll index, stomatal conductance and quantum yield were obtained in full irrigation, application of mycorrhiza with Psedomunas and Flavobacterim and foliar application 1 mM of putrescine. Foliar application 1 mM of putrescine increased grain yield of about 8.5% in comparison with no application of putrescine. Also, the highest grain yield (799.44 and 746.38 g.m-2) were obtained with application of both Psedomunas and Flavobacterim, as well as application of mycorrhiza with Psedomunas and Flavobacterim, respectively under full irrigation conditions. In the meantime, the lowest (403.42 g.m-2) belongs to the treatment under irrigation withholding in booting stage, without the application of bio fertilizer. It seems that application of putrescine and bio fertilizers can increase grain yield of wheat under water limitation conditions as it improves some physiological traits. In order to study the effect of bio fertilizers and putrescine on yield and some traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at various irrigation levels, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, during 2018-2019. The factors include irrigation (full irrigation as control, irrigation withholding at 50% of heading and booting stages), bio fertilizers (no bio fertilizer, application of mycorrhiza, both application Psedomunas and Flavobacterim, application of mycorrhiza with Psedomunas and Flavobacterim) and putrescine foliar application (foliar application with water as control, foliar application with 0.5 and 1 mM of putrescine). Comparison of the means showed that the maximum amount of relative water content of flag leaf; chlorophyll index, stomatal conductance and quantum yield were obtained in full irrigation, application of mycorrhiza with Psedomunas and Flavobacterim and foliar application 1 mM of putrescine. Foliar application 1 mM of putrescine increased grain yield of about 8.5% in comparison with no application of putrescine. Also, the highest grain yield (799.44 and 746.38 g.m-2) were obtained with application of both Psedomunas and Flavobacterim, as well as application of mycorrhiza with Psedomunas and Flavobacterim, respectively under full irrigation conditions. In the meantime, the lowest (403.42 g.m-2) belongs to the treatment under irrigation withholding in booting stage, without the application of bio fertilizer. It seems that application of putrescine and bio fertilizers can increase grain yield of wheat under water limitation conditions as it improves some physiological traits.

https://jci.ut.ac.ir/article_86850_31f8028c36b4f4830591249b15dce0a6.pdf

University of Tehran perss Journal of Crops Improvement 2008-8337 24 1 2022 03 21 The effect of priming with different concentrations of selenium on germination indices of quinoa seeds and seedlings The effect of priming with different concentrations of selenium on germination indices of quinoa seeds and seedlings 85 95 86884 10.22059/jci.2021.299869.2370 FA Shocofeh Gholami Ph.D. Student, Department of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran. Majid Amini Dehaghi Associate Professor, Department of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0003-3817-8907 Journal Article 2020 03 24 Due to its antioxidant properties, selenium has an effective role in increasing plant tolerance to adverse environmental effects.To determine the optimum concentration and priming time of quinoa seed by selenium, a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications was carried out in the Shahed University Tehran/Iran in 2019. Experimental treatments included was different concentrations of Selenium in six levels (0, 0.5, 1.5,3,4.5,6 mg/l) and the second factor was priming time in four levels (0, 8, 12 and 24hours). The results showed Simple and interaction effect of experimental treatments on traits on germination percentage, was significant (p<0.01) on germination percentage, germination rate, mean germination time, mean daily germination, daily germination rate, germination rate coefficient, seedling length, seedling dry weight, index Longitudinal vascular length and seedling vigor weight index. Across all with the concentration of selenium increased From 0 to 3 mg / L, a significant increase was observed in most of the mean traits and with increasing selenium concentration above 3 mg / L, there was a decreasing trend in the mean traits. The highest percentage of germination (96.33) at a concentration of 3 mg / l selenium for 8 hours showed an increase of 23.5% compared to the control treatment. Also, the highest mean germination time was 6 mg of selenium and 24 hours of priming had an increase of 41.3% compared to the control treatment. Therefore, in order to improve the germination of quinoa, better results can be obtained by priming the seeds using selenium. Due to its antioxidant properties, selenium has an effective role in increasing plant tolerance to adverse environmental effects.To determine the optimum concentration and priming time of quinoa seed by selenium, a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications was carried out in the Shahed University Tehran/Iran in 2019. Experimental treatments included was different concentrations of Selenium in six levels (0, 0.5, 1.5,3,4.5,6 mg/l) and the second factor was priming time in four levels (0, 8, 12 and 24hours). The results showed Simple and interaction effect of experimental treatments on traits on germination percentage, was significant (p<0.01) on germination percentage, germination rate, mean germination time, mean daily germination, daily germination rate, germination rate coefficient, seedling length, seedling dry weight, index Longitudinal vascular length and seedling vigor weight index. Across all with the concentration of selenium increased From 0 to 3 mg / L, a significant increase was observed in most of the mean traits and with increasing selenium concentration above 3 mg / L, there was a decreasing trend in the mean traits. The highest percentage of germination (96.33) at a concentration of 3 mg / l selenium for 8 hours showed an increase of 23.5% compared to the control treatment. Also, the highest mean germination time was 6 mg of selenium and 24 hours of priming had an increase of 41.3% compared to the control treatment. Therefore, in order to improve the germination of quinoa, better results can be obtained by priming the seeds using selenium.

https://jci.ut.ac.ir/article_86884_bcdafa2d68a5d732a6c0151a81f81895.pdf

University of Tehran perss Journal of Crops Improvement 2008-8337 24 1 2022 03 21 Evaluation of Different Ratios of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium on Some Vegetative and Reproductive Traits of Blackberry Cultivars in Greenhouse Evaluation of Different Ratios of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium on Some Vegetative and Reproductive Traits of Blackberry Cultivars in Greenhouse 97 113 86852 10.22059/jci.2021.316258.2493 FA Amirali Mohammadi Former M.Sc. Student, Department of Horticulture Sciences, Agronomy college, Sari Agriculture and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran. Mehdi Hadadinejad Assistant Professor, Horticultural Department, Agronomy college, Sari Agriculture and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran. 0000-0001-7776-4832 Hosein Sadeghi Associate professor, Horticultural Department, Agronomy college, Sari Agriculture and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran. Kamran Ghasemi Assistant Professor, Horticultural Department, Agronomy college, Sari Agriculture and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran. 0000-0002-5001-0392 Journal Article 2020 12 29 Blackberry is a temperate plant that can also be grown in the greenhouse for off-season fruit production as well as greater profit. This study is conducted as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications as a pot inside the soil. The first factor has been the cultivar (early, intermediate, and late) and the second one is the nutrition program at six levels of NPK(N0P0K0(control), N0P0K0, N50P0K25, N50P0K50, N50P25K50, and N50P12.5K25 kg/ha), applied as fertigation. Results show that the use of nutrients release the highest amount of nitrogen and potassium in the late cultivar. The highest shoot length and chlorophyll index belong to N50P0K25 treatment. Furthermore, blackberry’s response to different ratios of nutrients for shoot fresh weight in different cultivars show a different trend; however, the highest shoot fresh weight occurs in late cultivar in both N50P0K0 and N50P0K50 treatments. Results also show that maximum yield in early and intermediate cultivars in N50P0K25 treatment and in treatment with phosphorus (N50P25K50) could be observed in the late cultivar. The highest amount of soluble solids in early cultivar and N50P0K25 treatment belong to 12.9 Brixo. In general, though the use of NPK nutrients is effective in most studied traits, the role of N and K in improving the vegetative and reproductive traits in blackberry has been especially tangible for the two early and intermediate cultivars. Blackberry is a temperate plant that can also be grown in the greenhouse for off-season fruit production as well as greater profit. This study is conducted as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications as a pot inside the soil. The first factor has been the cultivar (early, intermediate, and late) and the second one is the nutrition program at six levels of NPK(N0P0K0(control), N0P0K0, N50P0K25, N50P0K50, N50P25K50, and N50P12.5K25 kg/ha), applied as fertigation. Results show that the use of nutrients release the highest amount of nitrogen and potassium in the late cultivar. The highest shoot length and chlorophyll index belong to N50P0K25 treatment. Furthermore, blackberry’s response to different ratios of nutrients for shoot fresh weight in different cultivars show a different trend; however, the highest shoot fresh weight occurs in late cultivar in both N50P0K0 and N50P0K50 treatments. Results also show that maximum yield in early and intermediate cultivars in N50P0K25 treatment and in treatment with phosphorus (N50P25K50) could be observed in the late cultivar. The highest amount of soluble solids in early cultivar and N50P0K25 treatment belong to 12.9 Brixo. In general, though the use of NPK nutrients is effective in most studied traits, the role of N and K in improving the vegetative and reproductive traits in blackberry has been especially tangible for the two early and intermediate cultivars.

https://jci.ut.ac.ir/article_86852_50b0fcfc9349c23c93831f500613204d.pdf

University of Tehran perss Journal of Crops Improvement 2008-8337 24 1 2022 03 21 Effect of Low Irrigation and Type of Culture Medium on Water Use Efficiency and Some Morphological and Physiological Characteristics of the Stock Plant Effect of Low Irrigation and Type of Culture Medium on Water Use Efficiency and Some Morphological and Physiological Characteristics of the Stock Plant 115 124 86853 10.22059/jci.2021.323429.2551 FA Behzad Azadegan Associate Professor, Department of Water Engineering, College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran Reza Kouhestani Former M.Sc. Student, Department of Water Engineering, College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran Mahmoud Mashal Associate Professor, Department of Water Engineering, College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran Journal Article 2021 05 08 This study aims at investigating morphological and physiological characteristics as well as water use efficiency of the stock plant in various low irrigation treatments and culture media. For so doing, a research has been conducted in the form of split plots with a completely randomized block design with three replications in the crop year 2018-2019 in the research greenhouse of the College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran. The treatments include four culture media (perlite, perlite + enriched manure, perlite + zeolite, and perlite + vermicompost) and three low irrigation levels (100% (control), 75%, and 50% of water needs). Results indicate the significant effects (P < 0.01) of culture medium on plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, root fresh and dry weight, plant fresh and dry weight, as well as water use efficiency, and the perlite + vermicompost media improves all these traits. Moreover, severe irrigation treatment (50%) has had negative effects on plant growth parameters, i.e., root fresh weight and diameter, while irrigation at 75% of water needs does not have any undesirable effect on plants, significantly increasing water use efficiency (P < 0.01). The perlite + vermicompost with 75% low irrigation treatment increases the water use efficiency by about 1.8 times, compared to the control in the perlite culture media. Due to the decrease in the quality of growth characteristics in severe low irrigation treatments (50%), this plant’s production is recommended in irrigation at 75% of the water needs. This study aims at investigating morphological and physiological characteristics as well as water use efficiency of the stock plant in various low irrigation treatments and culture media. For so doing, a research has been conducted in the form of split plots with a completely randomized block design with three replications in the crop year 2018-2019 in the research greenhouse of the College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran. The treatments include four culture media (perlite, perlite + enriched manure, perlite + zeolite, and perlite + vermicompost) and three low irrigation levels (100% (control), 75%, and 50% of water needs). Results indicate the significant effects (P < 0.01) of culture medium on plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, root fresh and dry weight, plant fresh and dry weight, as well as water use efficiency, and the perlite + vermicompost media improves all these traits. Moreover, severe irrigation treatment (50%) has had negative effects on plant growth parameters, i.e., root fresh weight and diameter, while irrigation at 75% of water needs does not have any undesirable effect on plants, significantly increasing water use efficiency (P < 0.01). The perlite + vermicompost with 75% low irrigation treatment increases the water use efficiency by about 1.8 times, compared to the control in the perlite culture media. Due to the decrease in the quality of growth characteristics in severe low irrigation treatments (50%), this plant’s production is recommended in irrigation at 75% of the water needs.

https://jci.ut.ac.ir/article_86853_628ea894d5777c9c1cb83cdaabdf885e.pdf

University of Tehran perss Journal of Crops Improvement 2008-8337 24 1 2022 03 21 Principal components analysis of some iranian and foreign safflower genotypes using morphological and agronomic traits Principal components analysis of some iranian and foreign safflower genotypes using morphological and agronomic traits 125 143 86854 10.22059/jci.2021.324606.2559 FA Hamid Jabbari Assistant Professor, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran. 0000-0003-3299-0873 Hamid Reza Fanaei Associate Professor, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran. 0000-0001-6752-5782 Farnaz Shariati Assistant Professor, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran. Hamid Sadeghi Garmarodi Assistant Professor, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran. Mohamad Abasali Assistant Professor, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran. Amir Hasan Omidi Assistant Professor, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran. 0000-0003-4790-4528 Journal Article 2021 05 30 This study evaluates the genetic diversity of 122 safflower genotypes from the institute of plant genetics and crop plant research (IPK) and International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT). It compares their agronomic characteristics with five Iranian Safflower cultivars. Conducted at research field of Seed and Plant Improvement Research Institute in Karaj between 2017 and 2018, the experiment uses an Augmented with randomized complete block design. Results indicate high genetic variation in the germplasm. Among safflower genotypes, thirty-six genotypes without thistle, eighty-one genotypes with thorns, and ten genotypes with few thistle have been observed. Principal component analysis helps identifying three main components that account for 56.5% of the total variations. The first and second components account for 29.5% and 15.9% of the total variation, respectively. These are named as a yield components and phenology and plant architecture, respectively. Safflower genotypes are divided into four groups by principal components analysis (PCA). Genotypes in the first groups have the higher grain yield than others. Genotype No. 70 with the highest grain yield (5667 kg.ha-1) is placed in this group. Numerical values of yield components such as 1000-seed weight, number of heads, and number of seeds per plant in the third group stand higher than other groups. Generally, German genotype No. 70 with high yield and genotype No. 45 with early flowering can be used in safflower breeding programs. This study evaluates the genetic diversity of 122 safflower genotypes from the institute of plant genetics and crop plant research (IPK) and International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT). It compares their agronomic characteristics with five Iranian Safflower cultivars. Conducted at research field of Seed and Plant Improvement Research Institute in Karaj between 2017 and 2018, the experiment uses an Augmented with randomized complete block design. Results indicate high genetic variation in the germplasm. Among safflower genotypes, thirty-six genotypes without thistle, eighty-one genotypes with thorns, and ten genotypes with few thistle have been observed. Principal component analysis helps identifying three main components that account for 56.5% of the total variations. The first and second components account for 29.5% and 15.9% of the total variation, respectively. These are named as a yield components and phenology and plant architecture, respectively. Safflower genotypes are divided into four groups by principal components analysis (PCA). Genotypes in the first groups have the higher grain yield than others. Genotype No. 70 with the highest grain yield (5667 kg.ha-1) is placed in this group. Numerical values of yield components such as 1000-seed weight, number of heads, and number of seeds per plant in the third group stand higher than other groups. Generally, German genotype No. 70 with high yield and genotype No. 45 with early flowering can be used in safflower breeding programs.

https://jci.ut.ac.ir/article_86854_ade881089c46d1ce94309e553dcca374.pdf

University of Tehran perss Journal of Crops Improvement 2008-8337 24 1 2022 03 21 Evaluation of some physiological parameters and antioxidant enzymes in two rose cultivars (Pearl and Angelina) under Agrobacterium tumefaciens stress Evaluation of some physiological parameters and antioxidant enzymes in two rose cultivars (Pearl and Angelina) under Agrobacterium tumefaciens stress 145 157 84905 10.22059/jci.2021.325318.2564 FA Akram Vatankhah Ph.D. Student, Department of Science and Horticultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran. Zahra Izadi Assistant Professor, Department of Science and Horticultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran Saeed Reezi Assistant Professor, Department of Biosystem Mechanics, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran. Abdorahman Motamedi Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran. Mahdi Ghasemi Varnamkhasti Associate Professor, Department of Biosystem Mechanics, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran. Journal Article 2021 06 09 Biotic and abiotic stresses lead to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants, damage to the host plant, reduction of its strength, and sometimes plant death. Cut flower rose is one of the most popular ornamental plants, suffering from crown gall caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. In order to investigate the activity of some antioxidant enzymes and physiological characteristics in two cultivars of cut roses, A. tumefaciens inoculation was performed as a factorial design in a completely randomized design with three replications at the time of grafting by stenting method in Shahrekord university research greenhouse in September 2020. Treatments include contamination (Agrobacterium suspension inoculation and water inoculation) as the first factor and cultivar treatment (Angelina and Pearl) as the second factor. Three months after grafting, results show that the effect of cultivar/infection interaction has significant effect on ion leakage, proline, and guaiacol peroxidase at the level of one percent probability. The highest levels of soluble sugars, MDA and protein are observed in infected samples, 298.6 (μg/g Fw), 488.6 (µmolg-1 Fw) and 36.7 (mg/g Fw), respectively and the highest RWC and leaf area in healthy samples are 68.5% and 21.5 (cm2). In this study, inoculation of the crown gall lead to active oxygen species and oxidative stress, causing some changes in lipids, soluble sugars, and total protein. Biotic and abiotic stresses lead to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants, damage to the host plant, reduction of its strength, and sometimes plant death. Cut flower rose is one of the most popular ornamental plants, suffering from crown gall caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. In order to investigate the activity of some antioxidant enzymes and physiological characteristics in two cultivars of cut roses, A. tumefaciens inoculation was performed as a factorial design in a completely randomized design with three replications at the time of grafting by stenting method in Shahrekord university research greenhouse in September 2020. Treatments include contamination (Agrobacterium suspension inoculation and water inoculation) as the first factor and cultivar treatment (Angelina and Pearl) as the second factor. Three months after grafting, results show that the effect of cultivar/infection interaction has significant effect on ion leakage, proline, and guaiacol peroxidase at the level of one percent probability. The highest levels of soluble sugars, MDA and protein are observed in infected samples, 298.6 (μg/g Fw), 488.6 (µmolg-1 Fw) and 36.7 (mg/g Fw), respectively and the highest RWC and leaf area in healthy samples are 68.5% and 21.5 (cm2). In this study, inoculation of the crown gall lead to active oxygen species and oxidative stress, causing some changes in lipids, soluble sugars, and total protein.

https://jci.ut.ac.ir/article_84905_7161a0f30fd0ec30f4c3aaf0e658a14f.pdf

University of Tehran perss Journal of Crops Improvement 2008-8337 24 1 2022 03 21 Investigation of the Effect of Irrigation Interruption at Different Stages of Development on Yield and Yield Components of Rapeseed Using Meta-Analysis Investigation of the Effect of Irrigation Interruption at Different Stages of Development on Yield and Yield Components of Rapeseed Using Meta-Analysis 159 171 86036 10.22059/jci.2022.326748.2579 FA Omid Lotfifar Assistant Professor, Agriculture Faculty, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran. 0009-0007-8784-6808 Samaneh Mottaghi Assistant Professor, Agriculture Faculty, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran. Journal Article 2021 07 06 The purpose of this study is to use meta-analysis to combine the results of experiments conducted in Iran on the effect of drought stress due to irrigation cessation at different stages of development, on yield and yield components of canola. The studied traits include grain yield, oil and dry matter, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 1000-seed weight, and grain oil content. Results show that all traits under the influence of stress at different stages of development are significantly affected by drought stress. Irrigation interruption in different stages on average cuts grain yield by 34.5%, oil yield by 36%, oil content by 4.7%, dry matter by 25.8%, number of pods by 35.4%, seeds per pod ratio by 18.5%, and 1000-seed weight by 17.5%, while raising the proline content by 49.9%. The highest reduction rate in grain and oil yield belongs to the irrigation cut-off treatment, in turn leading to a reduction of 41% and 46% of these two traits, respectively. Also, regarding the yield components, the highest reduction in the number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, and 1000-seed weight is observed in the cut-off treatments of stem, flowering, and podding, respectively. The purpose of this study is to use meta-analysis to combine the results of experiments conducted in Iran on the effect of drought stress due to irrigation cessation at different stages of development, on yield and yield components of canola. The studied traits include grain yield, oil and dry matter, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 1000-seed weight, and grain oil content. Results show that all traits under the influence of stress at different stages of development are significantly affected by drought stress. Irrigation interruption in different stages on average cuts grain yield by 34.5%, oil yield by 36%, oil content by 4.7%, dry matter by 25.8%, number of pods by 35.4%, seeds per pod ratio by 18.5%, and 1000-seed weight by 17.5%, while raising the proline content by 49.9%. The highest reduction rate in grain and oil yield belongs to the irrigation cut-off treatment, in turn leading to a reduction of 41% and 46% of these two traits, respectively. Also, regarding the yield components, the highest reduction in the number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, and 1000-seed weight is observed in the cut-off treatments of stem, flowering, and podding, respectively.

https://jci.ut.ac.ir/article_86036_8b0fd168d954ed34a451cc305d9b58cf.pdf

University of Tehran perss Journal of Crops Improvement 2008-8337 24 1 2022 03 21 Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Species on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Cultivars under Drought Stress Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Species on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Cultivars under Drought Stress 173 188 84978 10.22059/jci.2021.327793.2588 FA Maryam Falahatkar Gangi M.Sc. Student, Department of Agricultural Sciences and Food Industries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Weria Weisany Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Sciences and Food Industries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0002-0260-0902 Marjan Diyanat Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Sciences and Food Industries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0003-1660-5883 Journal Article 2021 07 26 In order to investigate the effect of different mycorrhizal fungai species and drought stress levels on physiological characteristics of chickpea cultivars, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in the greenhouse of Kurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center in 2020. Its factors include irrigation at three levels (optimal irrigation at field capacity, moderate stress, and severe stress), application of mycorrhizal fungus at four levels (mosseae, Simiglomus hoi, Rhizophagus irregularis, and no inoculation (control)) and chickpea cultivar at two levels (ILC-482 and Pirooz). Results show that irrigation level has had a significant effect on the evaluated traits. Thus, by decreasing the amount of available plant water, both dry weight and chlorophyll content drops. Catalase activity increases under severe stress, compared to moderate stress and lack of drought stress up to 37% and 71.9% in Pirooz cultivar and up to 69.4% and 82.6% in ILC-482 cultivar, respectively. In case of the latter, the highest peroxidase activity is observed in severe stress conditions, which almost doubled compared to non-stress treatment. The activity of peroxidase enzyme is affected by the use of mycorrhizal fungi so that plants inoculated with G. mosseae has had the highest and non-inoculation with mycorrhiza the lowest peroxidase activity. In severe stress, the lowest amount of malondialdehyde has been obtained using G. mosseae. Inoculation of chickpeas with mycorrhizal fungi can be considered as a way to improve growth in non-stress conditions and increase tolerance to drought stress conditions. In order to investigate the effect of different mycorrhizal fungai species and drought stress levels on physiological characteristics of chickpea cultivars, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in the greenhouse of Kurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center in 2020. Its factors include irrigation at three levels (optimal irrigation at field capacity, moderate stress, and severe stress), application of mycorrhizal fungus at four levels (mosseae, Simiglomus hoi, Rhizophagus irregularis, and no inoculation (control)) and chickpea cultivar at two levels (ILC-482 and Pirooz). Results show that irrigation level has had a significant effect on the evaluated traits. Thus, by decreasing the amount of available plant water, both dry weight and chlorophyll content drops. Catalase activity increases under severe stress, compared to moderate stress and lack of drought stress up to 37% and 71.9% in Pirooz cultivar and up to 69.4% and 82.6% in ILC-482 cultivar, respectively. In case of the latter, the highest peroxidase activity is observed in severe stress conditions, which almost doubled compared to non-stress treatment. The activity of peroxidase enzyme is affected by the use of mycorrhizal fungi so that plants inoculated with G. mosseae has had the highest and non-inoculation with mycorrhiza the lowest peroxidase activity. In severe stress, the lowest amount of malondialdehyde has been obtained using G. mosseae. Inoculation of chickpeas with mycorrhizal fungi can be considered as a way to improve growth in non-stress conditions and increase tolerance to drought stress conditions.

https://jci.ut.ac.ir/article_84978_72dd90de3d8db8524e0352e9c86d61e0.pdf

University of Tehran perss Journal of Crops Improvement 2008-8337 24 1 2022 03 21 Direct Cultivation of Rice by Seed Tape Technology Direct Cultivation of Rice by Seed Tape Technology 189 203 86855 10.22059/jci.2021.318761.2515 FA Hassan Akhgari Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran. 0000-0003-1357-4030 Behzad Kaviani Associate Professor, Department of Horticultural Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran. 0000-0002-3583-561X Journal Article 2021 02 08 An experiment as factorial with completely randomized block design with four replications during two continuous years (2019-2020) was carried out in order to evaluate the efficiency of rice (Oryza sativa L.) by seed tape technology and its comparison with transplanting and traditional direct seeding cultivations. The first factor consisted of two rice cultivars (Khazar and Hashemi) and the second one consisted of ten levels of seed priming treatment with three methods (transplanting, traditional direct and direct with seed tape technology). The two main challenges of rice production in traditional transplanting and direct seeded methods are the high share of labor and the increased cost. Therefore, new methods of cultivation should be sought to reduce the cost of rice production. In the present study, direct seeded of rice with seed priming treatments and seed tape technology, with reduction of labor and cost is presented. Agronomy parameters and cost production factors were evaluated in these three methods. The results showed that the use of direct seeded method with seed tape technology increased rice yield by eight percent and saved 25 percent in cost, as well as a 11 percent reduction during the growing period, 30 percent in the number of labor per hectare, 26 percent in the production cost per kilogram of white rice and 2.2 percent in the cost-benefit index in Hashemi cultivar compared to the cultivation method. Therefore, direct seeded with seed tape technology, done for the first time in Iran, is effective in reducing the cost of rice production. An experiment as factorial with completely randomized block design with four replications during two continuous years (2019-2020) was carried out in order to evaluate the efficiency of rice (Oryza sativa L.) by seed tape technology and its comparison with transplanting and traditional direct seeding cultivations. The first factor consisted of two rice cultivars (Khazar and Hashemi) and the second one consisted of ten levels of seed priming treatment with three methods (transplanting, traditional direct and direct with seed tape technology). The two main challenges of rice production in traditional transplanting and direct seeded methods are the high share of labor and the increased cost. Therefore, new methods of cultivation should be sought to reduce the cost of rice production. In the present study, direct seeded of rice with seed priming treatments and seed tape technology, with reduction of labor and cost is presented. Agronomy parameters and cost production factors were evaluated in these three methods. The results showed that the use of direct seeded method with seed tape technology increased rice yield by eight percent and saved 25 percent in cost, as well as a 11 percent reduction during the growing period, 30 percent in the number of labor per hectare, 26 percent in the production cost per kilogram of white rice and 2.2 percent in the cost-benefit index in Hashemi cultivar compared to the cultivation method. Therefore, direct seeded with seed tape technology, done for the first time in Iran, is effective in reducing the cost of rice production.

https://jci.ut.ac.ir/article_86855_74e7b1ce575599b73703c9f0835dfe5d.pdf

University of Tehran perss Journal of Crops Improvement 2008-8337 24 1 2022 03 21 Investigation of the effective factors on yield gap of rice in Mazandaran province Investigation of the effective factors on yield gap of rice in Mazandaran province 205 217 86856 10.22059/jci.2022.320259.2527 FA Vajiheh Amini Mandi Ph.D. Student, Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran. Ali Nakhzari Moghaddam Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran. 0000-0003-2282-6973 Ali Rahemi Karizaki Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran. 0000-0001-7822-9188 Masoumeh Naeemi Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran. 0000-0001-7676-6289 Journal Article 2021 03 07 This study is conducted to investigate the influential factors on rice yield gap in the Joibar Region, located in Mazandaran Province, by means of two methods of boundary line analysis and comparative performance analysis, in the cropping years of 2017-18 and 2018-19. It is carried out through fieldwork and face-to-face interviews with farmers, for which purpose, totally 120 rice fields located in the studied geographical area in each crop year have been selected in such a way that they had sufficient diversity in terms of location and time. In the comparative performance analysis method, the relation between yield and all measured quantitative and qualitative variables are examined, using multiple regression method. According to the suggested protocol in the boundary line analysis method, a boundary line is fitted to the data in the data distribution diagram. Results show that according to the yield comparative performance analysis model, the yield gap of Joibar rice fields has been 1842 kg/ha, and the harvest date has played the most important role in rice yield gap. Also, according to the findings of border line analysis, the yield gap of rice fields in this region has been 874 kg/ha with the biological control being the most important factor in rice yield gap. Therefore, continuous monitoring and evaluation of crop management on farmers' fields and its identification is essential to eliminate yield gaps along with the management factors causing them. This study is conducted to investigate the influential factors on rice yield gap in the Joibar Region, located in Mazandaran Province, by means of two methods of boundary line analysis and comparative performance analysis, in the cropping years of 2017-18 and 2018-19. It is carried out through fieldwork and face-to-face interviews with farmers, for which purpose, totally 120 rice fields located in the studied geographical area in each crop year have been selected in such a way that they had sufficient diversity in terms of location and time. In the comparative performance analysis method, the relation between yield and all measured quantitative and qualitative variables are examined, using multiple regression method. According to the suggested protocol in the boundary line analysis method, a boundary line is fitted to the data in the data distribution diagram. Results show that according to the yield comparative performance analysis model, the yield gap of Joibar rice fields has been 1842 kg/ha, and the harvest date has played the most important role in rice yield gap. Also, according to the findings of border line analysis, the yield gap of rice fields in this region has been 874 kg/ha with the biological control being the most important factor in rice yield gap. Therefore, continuous monitoring and evaluation of crop management on farmers' fields and its identification is essential to eliminate yield gaps along with the management factors causing them.

https://jci.ut.ac.ir/article_86856_414aeb60c70011bdfae360000d9bc353.pdf

University of Tehran perss Journal of Crops Improvement 2008-8337 24 1 2022 03 21 Application of Biological and Chemical Fertilizers on Morphological Characteristics, Antioxidant Enzymes Activity, and Sugar Content of Melon Fruit cv. Ahlam Under Different Irrigation Regimes Application of Biological and Chemical Fertilizers on Morphological Characteristics, Antioxidant Enzymes Activity, and Sugar Content of Melon Fruit cv. Ahlam Under Different Irrigation Regimes 219 235 86118 10.22059/jci.2022.327834.2589 FA Abdolhamid Zahedian Ph.D. Student, Department of Agricultural Management, College of Agriculture and food industry, Agronomy and Horticulture Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Abolhossein Aboutalebi Jahromi Associate Professor, Department of Horticulture, Jahrom branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran. 0000-0001-5114-9049 Abdolrasol Zakerin Assistant Professor, Department of Horticulture, Jahrom branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran. Vahid Abdoosi Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Management, College of Agriculture and food industry, Agronomy and Horticulture Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Ali Mohammadi Torkashvand Associate Professor, Department of Agricultural Management, College of Agriculture and food industry, Agronomy and Horticulture Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0003-4438-9241 Journal Article 2021 07 26 In order to study the effect of different irrigation regimes, and application of biological and chemical fertilizers on morphological characteristics, antioxidant enzyme activity, and sugar content of melon fruit cv. Ahlam, an experimental split-factorial plots has been done in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Khuonj County in 2018-19. The main factor has been irrigation at 3 levels including 50%, 75%, and 100% of water requirement, with the sub-factor including NPK chemical fertilizer at 0, 60, 120, and 180 kg/ha as well as non-application of Nitroxin biofertilizer along with application of 100% of the recommended amount. Results show that different irrigation regimes, different fertilizer treatments, and their interaction have had a significant effect on some of the studied traits. The combined application of chemical fertilizers with biofertilizers show a significant effect on the number of sub-branches, total plant weight, length and diameter of the most branch, total soluble solids (TSS), the quantity of xylose and fructose sugars and activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase enzymes. The highest number of sub-branches and plant fresh weight, branch length and diameter are obtained in the chemical fertilizer treatment of 120, and 180 kg/ha with the utilization of Nitroxin fertilizer under 100% water stress. However, it has been observed that biofertilizers has had no significant effect on sugars and enzyme activity in fruit, so that the very best levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase are obtained within the treatment of 50% of field capacity with 120 and 180 kg/ha of chemical fertilizer without using Nitroxin. In general, it can be concluded that the application of biofertilizers reduce the adverse effects of water stress and the application of chemical fertilizers with biofertilizers hasa significant impact on increasing the studied traits. In order to study the effect of different irrigation regimes, and application of biological and chemical fertilizers on morphological characteristics, antioxidant enzyme activity, and sugar content of melon fruit cv. Ahlam, an experimental split-factorial plots has been done in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Khuonj County in 2018-19. The main factor has been irrigation at 3 levels including 50%, 75%, and 100% of water requirement, with the sub-factor including NPK chemical fertilizer at 0, 60, 120, and 180 kg/ha as well as non-application of Nitroxin biofertilizer along with application of 100% of the recommended amount. Results show that different irrigation regimes, different fertilizer treatments, and their interaction have had a significant effect on some of the studied traits. The combined application of chemical fertilizers with biofertilizers show a significant effect on the number of sub-branches, total plant weight, length and diameter of the most branch, total soluble solids (TSS), the quantity of xylose and fructose sugars and activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase enzymes. The highest number of sub-branches and plant fresh weight, branch length and diameter are obtained in the chemical fertilizer treatment of 120, and 180 kg/ha with the utilization of Nitroxin fertilizer under 100% water stress. However, it has been observed that biofertilizers has had no significant effect on sugars and enzyme activity in fruit, so that the very best levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase are obtained within the treatment of 50% of field capacity with 120 and 180 kg/ha of chemical fertilizer without using Nitroxin. In general, it can be concluded that the application of biofertilizers reduce the adverse effects of water stress and the application of chemical fertilizers with biofertilizers hasa significant impact on increasing the studied traits.

https://jci.ut.ac.ir/article_86118_5acb91fc142be0f75a82aee60f168ce0.pdf

University of Tehran perss Journal of Crops Improvement 2008-8337 24 1 2022 03 21 The Effect of Foliar Application of Nano and Amino Acid Fertilizers on some Biochemical Properties of Grain and Yield of Corn The Effect of Foliar Application of Nano and Amino Acid Fertilizers on some Biochemical Properties of Grain and Yield of Corn 237 252 85858 10.22059/jci.2022.332347.2628 FA Hossein Khoshvaghti Ph.D. Student, Department of plant production and genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. 0000-0003-1032-3949 Mahdi Taj Bakhsh Professor, Department of plant production and genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. 0000-0002-2815-5472 Journal Article 2021 10 14 In order to investigate the effect of various chelated nano and amino acid fertilizers on grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, oil quantity and quality, starch content and percentage of protein in corn grain, an experiment has been conducted based on a randomized complete block design with 16 treatments and three replications simultaneously in Urmia University and Ajabshir during the 2017 cropping year. Results show that the highest content of starch (80.66%), protein (12.70%), and harvest index (34.60%) related to NPK nano-chelate fertilizer treatment, the highest amount of oil (4.98%), grain yield (16596 kg / ha), and biological yield (52393 kg / ha) are related to iron amino chelate and the highest weight of 100 grains (36.34 g) is related to zinc nano chelate, which are 22.03%, 30.92%, 23.66%, 25.44%, 50.81%, 33.15%, and 24.65% more than the control treatment, respectively. The use of magnesium amino chelate, micro-mix amino chelate, potassium amino chelate, and NPK nano-chelate increase the amount of saturated fatty acids more than other fertilizers, but Copper nano-chelate, phosphorus amino-chelate, pigeon, and salicylic acid fertilizers increase the content of unsaturated fatty acids by 16.04%, 16.35%, 17.44%, and 20.29%, respectively, compared to the control treatment. In order to investigate the effect of various chelated nano and amino acid fertilizers on grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, oil quantity and quality, starch content and percentage of protein in corn grain, an experiment has been conducted based on a randomized complete block design with 16 treatments and three replications simultaneously in Urmia University and Ajabshir during the 2017 cropping year. Results show that the highest content of starch (80.66%), protein (12.70%), and harvest index (34.60%) related to NPK nano-chelate fertilizer treatment, the highest amount of oil (4.98%), grain yield (16596 kg / ha), and biological yield (52393 kg / ha) are related to iron amino chelate and the highest weight of 100 grains (36.34 g) is related to zinc nano chelate, which are 22.03%, 30.92%, 23.66%, 25.44%, 50.81%, 33.15%, and 24.65% more than the control treatment, respectively. The use of magnesium amino chelate, micro-mix amino chelate, potassium amino chelate, and NPK nano-chelate increase the amount of saturated fatty acids more than other fertilizers, but Copper nano-chelate, phosphorus amino-chelate, pigeon, and salicylic acid fertilizers increase the content of unsaturated fatty acids by 16.04%, 16.35%, 17.44%, and 20.29%, respectively, compared to the control treatment.

https://jci.ut.ac.ir/article_85858_1c53056c382c3048dec245445d5a6196.pdf

University of Tehran perss Journal of Crops Improvement 2008-8337 24 1 2022 03 21 Influence of Integrated Application of Phosphorus Fertilizers on Grain Yield of Groundnut under Intercropping with Corn Influence of Integrated Application of Phosphorus Fertilizers on Grain Yield of Groundnut under Intercropping with Corn 253 267 86857 10.22059/jci.2022.324938.2561 FA Tahererh Rezapour Kavishahi Ph. D. Student, Agronomy Department, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan, Iran. Saeed Saifzadeh Associate Professor, Agronomy Department, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan, Iran. Marefat Mostafavi Rad Assistant Professor, Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Guilan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran. 0000-0003-0148-2374 Alireza Valadabadi Associate Professor, Agronomy Department, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan, Iran. Esmaeil Hadidi Masouleh Assistant Professor, Agronomy Department, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan, Iran. Journal Article 2021 06 01 In order to evaluate of grain yield of groundnut under intercropping with corn under the application of phosphorus chemical and bio-fertilizers, this experiment is performed as factorial arrangement based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Rasht, Iran in 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons. Five level of phosphorus fertilizer (PF) as triple super phosphate (TSP) including 1. Zero (as control), 2. 50 kg/ha TSP, 3. 100 kg/ha TSP, 4. 50 kg/ha TSP + 200 g/ha Barvar2 phosphate bio-fertilizer (BPB), and 5. 100 kg/ha TSP + 200 g/ha BPB, and five intercropping pattern (IP) including 1. maize sole cropping, 2. groundnut sole cropping, 3. intercropped groundnut-maize with the ratio of 1:1, 2:1, and 1:2 rows, comprise the experimental treatments. According to the results from this experiment, the interaction effect between phosphorus fertilizer × intercropping system has been significant for all measured characteristics. Maximum grain yield of maize and groundnut are observed in the application of 100 kg/ha phosphorus fertilizer plus 200 g Barvar2 phosphat bio-fertilizer under sole crop. The combined usage of chemical and biological phosphorus fertilizer increase grain yield of maize and groundnut under sole crop. The highest land equivalent ratio (LER) equal 1.88 can be seen under control treatment and maize-groundnut intercropped system with the ratio of 1:1 rows. Intercropping system improve yield attributes of groundnut such as pod numbers per plant and grain number per pod, pod length, and diameter. Based on the results of this experiment, maize-groundnut intercropped system are advantageous for crop production per unit area. In addition, the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus content in groundnut grain rise in response to the integrated application of chemical phosphorus and Barvar2 phosphat bio-fertilizer under maize-groundnut intercropped system. Maize-groundnut intercropped system with the ratio of 1:1 rows and the application of 100 kg/ha phosphorus fertilizer plus 200 g Barvar2 phosphat bio-fertilizer are superior to other treatments. Hence, Barvar2 phosphat bio-fertilizer superiority could be recommendable to enhance profitability and crop production at maize-groundnut intercropping system under region climatic condition. In order to evaluate of grain yield of groundnut under intercropping with corn under the application of phosphorus chemical and bio-fertilizers, this experiment is performed as factorial arrangement based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Rasht, Iran in 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons. Five level of phosphorus fertilizer (PF) as triple super phosphate (TSP) including 1. Zero (as control), 2. 50 kg/ha TSP, 3. 100 kg/ha TSP, 4. 50 kg/ha TSP + 200 g/ha Barvar2 phosphate bio-fertilizer (BPB), and 5. 100 kg/ha TSP + 200 g/ha BPB, and five intercropping pattern (IP) including 1. maize sole cropping, 2. groundnut sole cropping, 3. intercropped groundnut-maize with the ratio of 1:1, 2:1, and 1:2 rows, comprise the experimental treatments. According to the results from this experiment, the interaction effect between phosphorus fertilizer × intercropping system has been significant for all measured characteristics. Maximum grain yield of maize and groundnut are observed in the application of 100 kg/ha phosphorus fertilizer plus 200 g Barvar2 phosphat bio-fertilizer under sole crop. The combined usage of chemical and biological phosphorus fertilizer increase grain yield of maize and groundnut under sole crop. The highest land equivalent ratio (LER) equal 1.88 can be seen under control treatment and maize-groundnut intercropped system with the ratio of 1:1 rows. Intercropping system improve yield attributes of groundnut such as pod numbers per plant and grain number per pod, pod length, and diameter. Based on the results of this experiment, maize-groundnut intercropped system are advantageous for crop production per unit area. In addition, the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus content in groundnut grain rise in response to the integrated application of chemical phosphorus and Barvar2 phosphat bio-fertilizer under maize-groundnut intercropped system. Maize-groundnut intercropped system with the ratio of 1:1 rows and the application of 100 kg/ha phosphorus fertilizer plus 200 g Barvar2 phosphat bio-fertilizer are superior to other treatments. Hence, Barvar2 phosphat bio-fertilizer superiority could be recommendable to enhance profitability and crop production at maize-groundnut intercropping system under region climatic condition.

https://jci.ut.ac.ir/article_86857_ff0e8fbcd08eb5a733d708301d86f566.pdf