Mohammad Saeidi Abuesghaghi; Mohammad Rafieiolhossaini
Abstract
seed polishing treatment on germination and seedling growth of different sugar beet cultivars, a experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications in the laboratory and greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University in 2020-2021. The first factor consisted ...
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seed polishing treatment on germination and seedling growth of different sugar beet cultivars, a experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications in the laboratory and greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University in 2020-2021. The first factor consisted of five monogerm cultivars of sugar beet (Shokofa, Arta, Aria, Sina and Octaban) and the second factor consisted of three levels of seed polishing (control, abrasion of 10% of seed husk weight and , abrasion of 30% of seed husk weight). The results of analysis of variance showed that the effect of cultivar and the interaction of cultivar and abrasion on all traits were significant. Comparison of mean interactions showed that Aria cultivar and 30% abrasion treatment had the highest germination percentage (83.5 percentage), germination rate (7.6 seed/day), and mean daily germination (5.96 seed/day) Meanwhile, the highest coefficient of seed length vigor index (10.18) were related to Ekbatan cultivar and 30% abrasion treatment. The highest fresh weight of plumule (0.25 g) and radicle (0.053 g) belonged to Shokofa cultivar without abrasion, the highest amount of chlorophyll b (2.77 mg/g fresh weight) and related to Arta cultivar and 30% abrasion, the highest amount of chlorophyll a (4.19 mg/g fresh weight ) was observed in Shokofa cultivar with 30% abrasion In general, it can be concluded from this study that polishing of 30% weight improves the germination and growth characteristics of sugar beet seeds and among the cultivars tested, Aria is more affected by abrasion than other cultivars
Ghorban Khodabin; Zeinolabedin Tahmasebi-Sarvestani; Amir Hossein Shirani rad; Esmaeil Bakhshandeh; Mojdeh Sadat Khayat Moghadam; Shahryar Kazemi; mahsa rafati alashti; ali heidarzadeh
Abstract
In order to study the effects of late-season drought stress and foliar application of zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) and manganese sulfate (MnSO4) on physiological characteristics and yield of rapeseed cultivars, a factorial split-plot test was conducted in a randomized complete blocks design for two cultivation ...
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In order to study the effects of late-season drought stress and foliar application of zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) and manganese sulfate (MnSO4) on physiological characteristics and yield of rapeseed cultivars, a factorial split-plot test was conducted in a randomized complete blocks design for two cultivation years (2017-2019) in Karaj, Iran. Experimental treatments were included two levels of irrigation (full irrigation (control) and withholding irrigation from flowering stage) and four levels of foliar application (control, ZnSO4, and MnSO4, separately, and combined application of them) as factorial in the main plots, and rapeseed genotypes (Nima, Niloofar and KS7) were considered as subplots. Combined foliar application of zinc and manganese sulfate under full irrigation conditions increased the content of seed oil and soluble carbohydrates by 3% and 11%, respectively, compared to the control. On the other hand, in the conditions of withholding irrigation from flowering stage increased the percentage of seed oil and leaf proline content compared to the control by 9% and 5.2%, respectively. Niloofar genotype had the highest seed yield (5261 kg/ha) under full irrigation conditions, which was 9% and 11.8% higher than KS7 and Nima genotypes, respectively. Nima genotype with 3371 kg/ha had the highest yield in the conditions of withholding irrigation. In general, in both irrigation treatments, simultaneous foliar application of zinc sulfate and manganese had the greatest effect on the physiological traits of the studied genotypes, so that in full irrigation of Niloofar genotype and in case of interruption of irrigation of Nima genotype is recommended.
mahlagha kaikha; Mahdi Dahmardeh; issa khammari; ziba soorinezami
Abstract
In order to evaluation of the spraying time and cobult nanoparticle fertilizer using chemical and green chemistry methods on morphophysiological indices of cowpea, this research was conducted in a factorial experiment in a the experiment was conducted Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three ...
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In order to evaluation of the spraying time and cobult nanoparticle fertilizer using chemical and green chemistry methods on morphophysiological indices of cowpea, this research was conducted in a factorial experiment in a the experiment was conducted Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications in Agricultural Research Institute University of Zabol in 2017.The experimental included 4 levels of treatments: (Cobult nanoparticles of plant origin, chemical origin, plant and chemical composition and control), as the first factor and time of spraying in 2 levels (Step 4and Step 6 leaf the second factor). The plant density of cowpea was 20 plants/m2 and irrigation was performed twice a week. The results of analysis of variance showed that the time of foliar application and application of nano particles of chemical and plant origin had a significant effect on all studied traits. Based on the results of average comparison, the highest amount of chlorophyll a (13.25 μg/g leaf), chlorophyll b (7.50 μg/g leaf), carotenoids (3.63 μg/g leaf), as well as plant height (34.84 %), number of pods per plant (28.26%), biological yield (45.64%), economic yield (59.10) compared to control treatment, iron (0.26 ppm) and leaf protein ( (46/14 ppm) was obtained from the six-leaf stage and from the combined application of cobalt nanoparticles with chemical and plant origin. In terms of all the measured traits, it seems that simultaneous application of cobalt nanoparticles chemically and vegetative, through improving the photosynthetic system, increasing leaf duration and photosynthesis, will lead to increased biological and economic yield.
Afsaneh Soltanzadeh; Ahmad Ghanbari; Esmaeel Seyedabadi; Mahdi Dahmardeh
Abstract
In order to evaluation of some morphological and chemical characteristics of quinoa, split plot experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications 2019-2020 cropping season, at the Agricultural Research station of University of Zabol, Iran. Vermicompost at three ...
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In order to evaluation of some morphological and chemical characteristics of quinoa, split plot experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications 2019-2020 cropping season, at the Agricultural Research station of University of Zabol, Iran. Vermicompost at three levels (0, 5 and 10 ton/ha) considered as main factor and chemical fertilizer at four levels (25, 50, 75 and 100%) considered as sub-factor. The main effect of vermicompost was significant on morphological traits such as plant height, 1000-seed weight, biological yield, grain yield and harvest index. Interaction of vermicompost and chemical fertilizer was significant on chemical properties including proteins and photosynthetic pigments. Application of 10 tons of vermicompost per hectare led to the maximum level of plant height, 1000-seed weight, biological yield, grain yield and harvest index. Also, the highest amounts of photosynthetic proteins and pigments were achieved from combined application of 10 tons/ha of vermicompost and 50% chemical fertilizer (25 kg/ha Urea + 50 kg/ha triple superphosphate + 50 kg/ha potassium sulfate). Totally, results showed the positive effects of vermicompost on the morphological and chemical properties of quinoa. It can be concluded that the combined use of chemical fertilizers and vermicompost can increase the yield of quinoa while reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and thus reduce the environmental impacts caused by them.
Jalal Ghanbari; Marzieh Besharati-Far; Gholamreza khajoei-Nejad
Abstract
Natural habitats of licorice decreased dramatically while the demand for this plant increased. Licorice seeds exhibit a low germination rate due to secondary dormancy imposed by the hard seed coat. In this study, which was conducted in the spring of 2021 at Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran, ...
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Natural habitats of licorice decreased dramatically while the demand for this plant increased. Licorice seeds exhibit a low germination rate due to secondary dormancy imposed by the hard seed coat. In this study, which was conducted in the spring of 2021 at Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran, the interaction effect of sulfuric acid (95-97 percent, 60 min) scarification with gibberellic acid (GA) concentrations (0, 100, 250, 500, and 1000 mg L-1) was studied in a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with four replications. The results showed that although there was no difference in germination between GA levels for scarified seeds, GA at 250 mg L-1 improved germination by 36 percent compared with control in non-chemically scarified ones. In contrast, increasing in GA concentrations increased seedling length, plant height, LN and CLN, LA, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, while decreased chlorophyll index (SPAD). As a result, chemical scarification, application of GA at 1000 mg L-1, and germination at room temperature can effectively increase the germination rate and uniformity as well as early growth of licorice plant.
abas soleymanifard; mani mojaddam; shahram lack; mojtaba alavi fazel
Abstract
Application of Azotobacter as a substitute or suitable companion of nitrogen chemical fertilizer with higher efficiency of inputs in safflower plant as a plant adapted to different climates is one of the sustainable agricultural strategies. There for in order to study the effects of Azotobacter and ...
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Application of Azotobacter as a substitute or suitable companion of nitrogen chemical fertilizer with higher efficiency of inputs in safflower plant as a plant adapted to different climates is one of the sustainable agricultural strategies. There for in order to study the effects of Azotobacter and nitrogen fertilizer on nitrogen uptake, grain nitrogen and straw, nitrogen efficiency indices and grain yield of six safflower genotypes under rainfed conditions, as a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in during growing season of (2015-2017 ) was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station Ilam . Experimental factors inoculated a combination of seed inoculation with Azotobacter chroococcum with urea chemical fertilizer application at four levels (Non-inoculated with Azotobacter , seed inoculation with Azotobacter, inoculation with Azotobacter chroococcum + 50% N from urea and inoculation with Azotobacter + 100 Percent N from Urea) and six genotypes of safflower. The combined analysis of variance for two years showed that the main effects of nitrogen source and genotype and also year× nitrogen source had significant effect on all of the measured traits and nitrogen efficiency indices. The results of comparison of means showed that inoculation treatment with Azotobacter + 50% nitrogen fertilizer had higher Nitrogen use efficiency than 100% nitrogen fertilizer use and there was no significant difference in grain yield between the two treatments. Sina genotype with the highest grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency compared to other genotypes is more desirable for cultivation in rainfed conditions of the region.
donya behruzi; Marjan Diyanat; Eslam Majidi; mohammad Javad Mirhadi; ali shirkhani
Abstract
The experiment was performed in the form of split split plots in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications for two years in Kermanshah Agricultural Research and Training Center. Irrigation (optimum, 80% and 60% of water requirement) and chemical fertilizer (100% and 50% recommended) and ...
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The experiment was performed in the form of split split plots in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications for two years in Kermanshah Agricultural Research and Training Center. Irrigation (optimum, 80% and 60% of water requirement) and chemical fertilizer (100% and 50% recommended) and vermicompost (0, 2, 4 and 6 ton ha-1) arranged as main plots, sub plots and sub sub plots, respectively. The results showed that leaf area index was decreased from 4.51 to 1.6 from normal irrigation to intense drought stress. The highest yield of fresh forage (82.5 ton ha-1) was obtained in optimal irrigation treatment and combined use of 100% chemical fertilizer and 6 ton ha-1 of vermicompost and the lowest rate (30.1 ton ha-1) was related to severe stress treatment. (60% water requirement) and no use of chemical fertilizers and vermicompost. At all irrigation levels, the percentages of forage protein increased with the use of fertilizers and vermicompost, and the highest percent of forage protein (10.2%) was obtained in complete irrigation treatment and 100% fertilizer application and 6 ton ha-1 vermicompost. Based on the results application of 6 ton ha-1 vermicompost fertilizer can alleviate the negative effects of drought stress.
Mohammad Nasri; zahra karimi; Meysam Oveisi; Pourang Kasraie; Hamidreza Larijani
Abstract
To investigate the effect of different levels of foliar applications salicylic acid and jasmonic acid on biochemical characteristics and yield of Thymus Vulgaris under drought stress conditions, a split factorial experiment based on randomized complete design with three replications was done during cropping ...
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To investigate the effect of different levels of foliar applications salicylic acid and jasmonic acid on biochemical characteristics and yield of Thymus Vulgaris under drought stress conditions, a split factorial experiment based on randomized complete design with three replications was done during cropping seasons of 2019-2020 in Varamin region. The main factor were irrigation levels (60 (normal) and 110 mm of evaporation from the evaporation pan (drought stress)) and the sub factors were different levels of foliar application of salicylic acid (three level: control (zero), 25 and 50 mg l-1) and jasmonic acid (three level: control (zero), one and two mg l-1). The results showed that the higest plant height (38.2 cm), wet and dry weights (7112.3 and 1778.7 kg h-1), percentage of secondary metabolites (essential oil 0.28 and thymol 60.9%) and concentrations of salicylic and jasmonic acid of leaves and the lowest activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and GPX) of thyme was observed in normal irrigation with 50 and 2 mg -1 salicylic and jasmonic acid treatment. So external use of salicylic and jasmonic acid in drought stress conditions, can be considered to increasing the production of thyme.
Mehrdad Rasouli; Alireza Noroozisharaf
Abstract
The use of compounds that can improve plant tolerance to abiotic environmental stress, including salinity, is important. To evaluate the adjustment of salinity stress using humic acid (HA), a factorial layout was conducted based on a complete randomized design with three replications on the Hypericum ...
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The use of compounds that can improve plant tolerance to abiotic environmental stress, including salinity, is important. To evaluate the adjustment of salinity stress using humic acid (HA), a factorial layout was conducted based on a complete randomized design with three replications on the Hypericum perforatum L. as an Iranian medicinal plant were collected from Hamadan province in the tissue culture laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Sayyed Jamaleddin Asadabadi University during 2019. Experimental treatments included NaCl as salinity at three levels (such as 0, 50 and 100 mmol.L-1) and HA at four levels (control, 25, 50, 100 mg.L-1). The results indicated that the plants treated with 50 mg.L-1 HA without salinity had the highest germination percentage (98.65), germination rate (38.94) and root length (34.21 mm). The highest plant height, fresh and dry weight of both shoots and roots and total chlorophyll were obtained under control conditions and HA with a concentration of 100 mg.L-1. While the highest amount of phenol in the treatment was 50 mmol.L-1 salinity and HA with a concentration of 50 mg.L-1. In the treatment of 100 mmol.L-1 salinity and HA with a concentration of 50 mg.L-1, the highest amount of total antioxidants (99.77 mg/g FW) and total flavonoids (2.39 mg/Qe g FW) and the lowest amount of hydrogen peroxide (9.12 µg/g FW) were obtained. The results showed that the mitigating effect, especially the application HA of 50 mg.L-1 levels, can affect the physiological processes and morphological traits of the Hypericum perforatum L. under salinity stress.
Rahmat Abasi; Meisam Namdari
Abstract
A field experiment to study the competition between soybean and sesame in different planting ratios of intercropping based on replacement method was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with four replications at Sari Agricultural Science and Natural Resources University 2019. The planting ...
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A field experiment to study the competition between soybean and sesame in different planting ratios of intercropping based on replacement method was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with four replications at Sari Agricultural Science and Natural Resources University 2019. The planting ratios were 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, and 100:0 (Soybean: Sesame respectively) using replacement method. Results showed that intercropping had a significant effect on the percentage of N derived from the atmosphere and light use efficiency. Among the different planting ratios, the maximum amount of biological nitrogen fixation was related to the 90-days after planting, and the 75:25 and 25:75 planting ratios had the highest (75.95%) and lowest activity rates (42.67), respectively. In addition, the highest light use efficiency in intercropping was related to the 120-days after planting. At this stage, the light use efficiency in 75:25 and 50:50 ratios were 2.03 and 1.92 g.MJ.-1, respectively. The highest land equivalent ratio was 50:50, with an average of 1.12. Finally, increasing the light use efficiency in planting ratios of 75:25 and 50:50 an essential in increasing soybean's biological nitrogen fixation and increasing the efficiency of intercropping cultivation.
nematollah sedaghat; Abbas Biabani; morteza nasiri; Allahyar Fallah; nahid fathi
Abstract
Water plays a very important role in the rice plant & In order to investigate the effects of irrigation methods & foliar application of nutrients on growth & yield, yield components & quality of rice, an experiment was conducted as split plots layouts based on a randomized complete block ...
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Water plays a very important role in the rice plant & In order to investigate the effects of irrigation methods & foliar application of nutrients on growth & yield, yield components & quality of rice, an experiment was conducted as split plots layouts based on a randomized complete block design with three replications & two factors including three irrigation methods (flooding, alternate wetting & drying & Saturating) in the main plots & foliar spray in six levels (normal water, nitrogen, nitrogen + potassium, nitrogen + potassium + zinc, nitrogen + potassium + zinc + boron & nitrogen + potassium + zinc + boron + molybdenum) in the sub plots during 2018, in rice research institute, the deputy of Mazandaran (Amol) was executed on a national cultivar. The results showed that among of irrigation method, fertilizer & their interaction, paddy yield & percentage of amylose were significantly at (p<0.01) percent & other qualitative traits were significant at (p<0.01) percent. the highest number of floret per panicle (198.73) & full grain (167.15), & Percentage of amylose (21/67%) were obtained in saturated irrigation. The highest yield of paddy with an average of 6643.07 kg.ha-1 in saturated irrigation under normal water foliar application and drought & moisture. irrigation under nitrogen + potassium + zinc foliar irrigation with an average of 6163.13 kg.ha-1 compared to the control was obtained as the superior treatment in Similar conditions were selected for this study.
Fatemeh Delavarnia; Faezeh Zaefarian; roghayeh hasanpour; Hemmatollah Pirdashti
Abstract
In order to evaluate the ability of forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) to remediate the heavy metal cadmium with biochar and Pseudomonas putida, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design accomplished in greenhouse conditions with four replications at Sari Agricultural Sciences and ...
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In order to evaluate the ability of forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) to remediate the heavy metal cadmium with biochar and Pseudomonas putida, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design accomplished in greenhouse conditions with four replications at Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, in the summer of 2019. The results showed that the presence of cadmium in the medium of sorghum reduced the dry weight of root and shoot. However, addition of biochar and bacterial inoculation significantly increased the mentioned traits. Bioconcentration factor and bioaccumulation factor increased from 25 to 100 mg of cadmium. Plant tolerance index had decreased with increasing cadmium concentration, while the use of biochar and inoculation of Pseudomonas putida had increased this index, when the highest tolerance index (1.22) was related to the treatment of combined use of biochar and bacteria with no cadmium, which increased by 22% compared to non-application of biochar and non-inoculation bacteria. As the tolerance index of forage sorghum in all concentrations of cadmium was higher than 0.60, so, this plant can be classified in the high tolerance group to the heavy metal cadmium stress and sorghum can be use for cadmium phytoremediation.
Mohammad saeed Hasanvandi; Mostafa Hosseinpour; Abazar Rajabi; Seyed Bagher Mahmoudi; Dariush Taleghani; Saeed Sadeghzadeh Hemayati; ghasem parmoon
Abstract
The present study was conducted to compare new sugar beet cultivars for quantitative and qualitative traits in autumn sown condition as randomized complete block design at Safiabad agricultural and natural resources research and education center in 2017-2018. This study was include 22 new sugar beet ...
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The present study was conducted to compare new sugar beet cultivars for quantitative and qualitative traits in autumn sown condition as randomized complete block design at Safiabad agricultural and natural resources research and education center in 2017-2018. This study was include 22 new sugar beet cultivar that investigated in three replications. Measured traits included number of leaf in plant, root yield, sugar content, white sugar content, white sugar yield, extraction coefficient of sugar, sodium, potassium, α-amino nitrogen, molasses sugar and alkaloid ratio. The results showed that all the measured traits in the cultivars were significantly different. Highest root yield and white sugar yield was obtained from Callas and Honey cultivars with 125 and 113 ton/ha root yield and 13.5 and 13.6 ton/ha white sugar yield, respectively. Highest sugar and white sugar content with 15.75 percent and 13.63 percent were obtained from Sporta. Highest and lowest extraction coefficient of sugar was related to Sporta (86.5 percent) and Sharif (72.6 percent), respectively. The range of sodium, potassium and α-amino nitrogen content was 1.54 to 4.26, 2.25 to 3.95 and 1.78 to 3.22 mEq, respectively. In total to achieve maximum income for the farmer it is recommended that Callas and Honey cultivars or other cultivars that are in the same group with these cultivars should be used to obtain maximum root and sugar yield.
Shahram Nazari; maryam hossieni; Sajjad Rahimi-Moghaddam; Mohammad Mohammadi
Abstract
In order to determine the phenological differences of some for improved rice cultivars in Iran for applying in crop simulation models, an experiment was conducted in the research farm of the Rice Research Institute of Iran (Rasht) in 2020 was performed as a randomized complete block with three replications. ...
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In order to determine the phenological differences of some for improved rice cultivars in Iran for applying in crop simulation models, an experiment was conducted in the research farm of the Rice Research Institute of Iran (Rasht) in 2020 was performed as a randomized complete block with three replications. The experimental treatment consisted of six rice cultivars (Rash, Anam, Gohar, SA1, SA6 and M7). The results showed that the highest development rate was observed in development rate in juvenile phase and grain filling phase in Anam cultivar. The minimum and maximum time required to start emergence with 3 and 6 days were in Anam and Gohar cultivars, respectively. The maximum time required to achieve maximum flowering and physiological maturity was obtained with 71 and 103 days in Gohar cultivar. The highest flowering period with 19 and 20 days was obtained in late maturing Rash and Gohar cultivars, respectively. The highest growth degree days (GDD) in beginning of grain filling to maturity stage was observed with 401 GDD for M7 cultivar. The highest growth-day for pre-flowering with 1208 GDD belonged to Gohar cultivar. The highest harvest index was obtained with 50.91% in Gohar cultivar. The results also showed that the single grain weight under ideal growing conditions with 0.030 g was observed in Gohar and M7 cultivars. The results showed that the highest plant height belonged to cultivar M7 with 150 cm. The results showed that the highest total nitrogen uptake was observed in the plant at maturity of Anam cultivar.
saeedeh kermani poorbaghaei; Majid Pouryousef; Alireza yousefi; masoud rafie
Abstract
This study was carried out to assess yield, yield components and quality traits of dragon’s head )Lallemantia iberica L. ( ecotypes’ seeds grown using some anti-transpirant agents in rainfed system in two regions of Iran inc luding Karaj & Khorramabad in 2018. The experiment was performed ...
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This study was carried out to assess yield, yield components and quality traits of dragon’s head )Lallemantia iberica L. ( ecotypes’ seeds grown using some anti-transpirant agents in rainfed system in two regions of Iran inc luding Karaj & Khorramabad in 2018. The experiment was performed based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD)with a 4*3 factorial arrangement consisting of three replications. The first factor consists of four different ecotypes of dragon’s head)Kurdistan, Takab, Nazarkahrizi and Kalibar) and the second factor including three anti-transpirant compounds (kaolin with a concentration of 5 Percent, chitosan with a concentration of 1 Percent and Ista with a concentration of 2 Percent) and no anti-transpirant(control).The results indicated that the triple interaction of ecotypes, anti-transpirant and location on most of the studied traits was significant. Among anti-transpirant, chitosan had the greatest effect on cultivated ecotype & increased grain, biomass, oil and mucilage yields by 20, 4, 11, 18 Percent, respectively. Also, Nazarkahrizi, Kalibar, Kurdistan and Takab ecotypes cultivated in Karaj had the highest values in the studied traits under foliar application with anti-transpirant, respectively. According to the studies conducted in this study, the selection of a suitable ecotypes with the region and the use of antiperspirants improve the yield & yield components, quality traits of dragon’s head in rainfed cultivation conditions.
Elaheh Hosseini Sanavi; Bahram Abedy; Tahereh Parvaneh
Abstract
Numerous studies have been performed on the effect of rootstock and cultivar on physicochemical traits of apple fruit and the results have shown different effects of these two factors. In order to study three vegetative rootstocks on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of apple cultivars ...
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Numerous studies have been performed on the effect of rootstock and cultivar on physicochemical traits of apple fruit and the results have shown different effects of these two factors. In order to study three vegetative rootstocks on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of apple cultivars "Golden Delicious" and "Red Delicious", an experiment in factorial design based on randomized complete blocks with four replications in orchard of Mashhad Agricultural Research Center was performed in 2021. Fruit quantitative and qualitative characteristics: weight, volume, density, length, diameter, firmness, pH, total soluble solids, phenol content, antioxidant properties and anthocyanin was measured. The highest amount of total phenol (652.9 μg.g-1FW) and anthocyanin (35.9 mg.g-1FW) was measured in "Red delicious" on M9 rootstock. The results of this study showed that "Red delicious" had the highest amount of diameter (78/64 mm) and weight (166/9 g). The highest amount of fruit firmness in M9 rootstock (5/64 kgcm-3) was observed. In general, the results of this study indicated a different effect of rootstock and cultivar interaction on the studied characteristics. Depending on the purpose of gardener, different grafting compounds can be recommended. "Red delicious" on M9 and MM106 rootstock with highest amount of total phenol and anthocyanin was suggested as a valuable grafting compounds in terms of health benefits under Mashhad Climatic Conditions.
Masome shenavaei zare; Mohammad Armin; Hamid Marvi
Abstract
Nowadays, the use of stress modulators as a useful and low-cost solution to reduce the effects of environmental stress has been considered by researchers. In order to investigate the effects of stress modulator’s foliar application in different planting dates on yield and yield components of cotton, ...
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Nowadays, the use of stress modulators as a useful and low-cost solution to reduce the effects of environmental stress has been considered by researchers. In order to investigate the effects of stress modulator’s foliar application in different planting dates on yield and yield components of cotton, an experiment was conducted as split-plot factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Sabzevar Islamic Azad University in 2017 and 2018. Factors were: planting date (early and late) as the main plot and type of stress modulator (control, salicylic acid (SA) 2 and 4 mM, glycine betaine (GB) 50 and 100 mM and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) 100 and 200 μM) in the sub-plots. Foliar application of 2 mM SA in the first year and 4mM SA in the second year produced the highest number of bolls per plant (10.1 and 7.58, respectively). While 4 mM SA spraying in early planting date increased the seed cotton yield (45.6 percent), but in late planting date, seed cotton yield did not respond to the stress modulator application. In the first year, 100 μM SNP foliar application had the highest lint yield in both early and late planting date, but in the second year, 2 mM SA foliar application produced higher lint yields. Overall, the results of this experiment showed that the highest yield of cotton in saline conditions was obtained in sowing at the appropriate date and foliar application of 4 mM salicylic acid.
Mahdi Kaykhazaleh; Mahmood Ramroudi; Mohammad Galavi; َAhmad Ghanbari; Hamid Reza Fanay
Abstract
An experiment in the form of split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Institute in Zahak to evaluate the effect of drought stress and potassium application on yield and morphophysiological traits of safflower ...
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An experiment in the form of split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Institute in Zahak to evaluate the effect of drought stress and potassium application on yield and morphophysiological traits of safflower (Goldasht cultivar) under saline irrigation conditions (EC 6 dS.m-1) in 2018-2019. Drought stress irrigation regimes were tested at three levels (irrigation after 45% (control), 65, and 85% of admissible moisture depletion) as the main factor, and potassium fertilizer at four levels (0, 75, 150, and 225 kg.ha-1) as the sub factor. According to the findings, drought stress reduced plant height, number of heads per plant, number of seeds per head, seed and biological yield, and relative water content. The use of potassium, on the other hand, resulted in a significant increase in the above traits. Irrigation after 45% moisture depletion increased seed yield by 42.32 percent compared to irrigation after 85% moisture depletion. Interaction of drought stress and potassium had a significant effect on number of branches per plant, 1000-seed weight, leaf chlorophyll index, soluble carbohydrate content and seed oil percentage; the highest amount observed after 45% water drainage and application of 225 kg K ha-1.
Hamed Hassanzadeh Khankahdani; Mashhid Henareh Ashkesoo; Seyedeh Somayyeh Shafiei-Masouleh; Mohammad Javad Zamani
Abstract
Based on the nutrition importance of nut squash seed and its commercial value, in order to compare seed yield and yield components of different nut squash genotypes in autumn planting time of Hormozgan province, an experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with 30 squash landraces ...
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Based on the nutrition importance of nut squash seed and its commercial value, in order to compare seed yield and yield components of different nut squash genotypes in autumn planting time of Hormozgan province, an experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with 30 squash landraces collected from Azerbaiejan Gharbi, Golestan and Isfahan provinces in three replications in Minab Agricultural Research Station during 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. The field was prepared in August and the seeds were sown in late September. The evaluated characteristics were plant length, the number of fruit in the plant, average fruit weight, fruit length and width, fruit yield, seed yield, the weight of 100 seeds, hollow seed percent, kernel percent (kernel/seed ratio), and seed bitterness percent. According to the results of the important traits such as seed yield, seed size, hollow seed percent as well as kernel percent, the genotypes of Kh6, Kh5, CP7-A, Kh2, selected CP3, CP4-B self, CP7-B self, Isfahan Pumpkin, CP4-E, O6, CP2-B and N2 had more suitable status than others. By evaluating all examined parameters as well as based on production costs and net profit, there is the possibility of nut squash planting in Minab region with some genotypes including the collected genotypes from Khoi region including Kh6, Kh5; the genotypes in Golestan province including CP7-A, CP7-B-Self, CP4-E, and CP2-B; Isfahan Pumpkin.
Zhila Nazari; Raouf Seyed sharif; Hamed Narimani; Sara Mohammadi Kale Sarlou
Abstract
In order to study the effects of water limitation, biofertilizers and nanosilicon on compatible osmolytes and biochemical traits of triticale, an experiment as factorial was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in research greenhouse faculty of Agriculture and Natural ...
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In order to study the effects of water limitation, biofertilizers and nanosilicon on compatible osmolytes and biochemical traits of triticale, an experiment as factorial was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in research greenhouse faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabil during 2020. The experimental factors were included irrigation at three levels (full irrigation as control; irrigation withholding at 50% of heading as moderate water limitation and irrigation withholding at 50% of booting stages as severe water imitation), application of bio fertilizers (no application of bio fertilizers as control, application of vermicompost, Mycorrhiza, both application vermicompost and Mycorrhiza), foliar application of nano silicon (foliar application with water as control and foliar application of 2 g.L-1 nano silicon). The results showed that both application of vermicompost, Mycorrhiza and foliar application nano silicon under irrigation withholding in booting stage, increased the activity of catalase, polyphenol oxidase enzymes, proline and soluble sugar content (49.17, 50.64, 44.92 and 52.22% respectively) compared to no application of bio fertilizers and nano silicon under normal irrigation condition. Also, both application of vermicompost, Mycorrhiza and foliar application of nano silicon in normal irrigation condition decreased hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde content (55.34 and 53.64% respectively) and grain yield increased 59.52% compared to no application of bio fertilizers and nano silicon under irrigation withholding in booting stage condition. It seems that the application of biofertilizers and nano silicon can increase grain yield triticale under water limitation due to improving the biochemical traits.
Farinaz Angouti; Hasan Nourafcan; Sakineh Saeidi sar; Asad Asadi; Raheleh Ebrahimi
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of chitosan and salicylic acid on the morphological traits of the medicinal plant Galega officinalis L. in field conditions in a randomized completely design with three replications in 2017 in the research farm of Islamic Azad University, ...
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An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of chitosan and salicylic acid on the morphological traits of the medicinal plant Galega officinalis L. in field conditions in a randomized completely design with three replications in 2017 in the research farm of Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh Branch. The treatments include foliar application with four levels of salicylic acid (0.5, 1, 2 and 3 mM/l). The results showed that foliar application of biological stimulants had a significant effect on all evaluated traits, except plant height and leaf dry weight. With increasing the concentration of chitosan and salicylic acid, the fresh and dry weight of the stem decreased so that the highest values in the two traits in the treatments of chitosan 0.4 and 0.2 g/l and 1 and 0.5 mM/l salicylic acid were seen. the highest number of leaf at a concentration of 0.6 g/l chitosan was observed. In the study of leaf and root characteristics, chitosan with concentrations of 0.2 and 0.4 g/l and in inflorescence characteristics, salicylic acid with concentrations of 2 and 3 mM/l were more effective. In general, the use of concentrations of 0.4 and 0.2 g/l chitosan had a more optimal effect on the morphological traits of the medicinal plant Galega officinalis L.; which is ultimately recommended because of its positive effect on most of the plant's growth characteristics due to its rapid absorption in order to achieve the desired yield in a sustainable agricultural path.
mohsen zafaranieh; arman Azari
Abstract
This research was performed in Vali-e-Asr University laboratory in 2020 in a completely randomized design with four replications. The carried out to quantify the rate of Guar germination in response to temperature, and water potential. The seeds were germinated at seven temperatures (5, 10, 15,20,25,30 ...
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This research was performed in Vali-e-Asr University laboratory in 2020 in a completely randomized design with four replications. The carried out to quantify the rate of Guar germination in response to temperature, and water potential. The seeds were germinated at seven temperatures (5, 10, 15,20,25,30 and 35 °C) and six water potentials (0,-0.2,-0.4,-0.6,-0.8 and -1 MPa made of polyethylene glycol 6000). The results revealed that the Beta function is suitable for describing the response to temperature, and water potential. Under different water potentials, base, optimum and ceiling temperatures ranged in 7.3 to 12 °C, 22.1 to 25.8 °C, and 32.2 to36 °C, respectively. The hydrothermal time parameters were 268.3 bar °C h, -1.103 MPa and, 8.36 °C for ɵHT (hydrothermal time constant), the data obtained from these models can be used in the establishment and management of guar for cultivation in different areas.
Babak Adouli; Bijan Moradi; Mohammad Ali Shiri; Masoumeh Kiaeshkevarian
Abstract
Preharvest citrus fruit splitting is a physiological disorder that causes significant damage to producers of susceptible cultivars by reducing the amount of crop available on the market. Proper management of tree nutrition and special attention to the three key elements of potassium, calcium and boron, ...
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Preharvest citrus fruit splitting is a physiological disorder that causes significant damage to producers of susceptible cultivars by reducing the amount of crop available on the market. Proper management of tree nutrition and special attention to the three key elements of potassium, calcium and boron, which are involved in the strength of cell walls and fruit peel flexibility, can be effective in reducing the fruit splitting severity. Therefore, an experiment was carried out in the Ramsar (Citrus and Subtropical Fruits Research Center) during 2018 and 2019 to investigate the effects of foliar application of 1.0% potassium nitrate, 1.0% calcium nitrate and 0.5% boric acid at the end of June drop on reducing the severity of splitting and some fruit traits of Page mandarin. This study was performed according to a combined analysis in time with two factors including years of experimentation and different treatments of foliar application of nutrients, based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that treatments especially 1.0% potassium nitrate reduced preharvest fruit splitting and increased the yield and improved the quantitative and qualitative fruit traits, whereas had no significant effect on the activity of polygalacturonase enzyme, cell density of blossom-end and navel diameter. Overall, foliar application of nutrients, especially 1.0% potassium nitrate, could be suggested as an effective approach to controlling preharvest fruit splitting and increasing the quantity and quality of Page mandarin fruit.
Amir Mizani; jafar masoud sinaki; Shahram Rezvan; Mohammad Abedini-Esfahlani; Ali Damavandi
Abstract
The experiment aimed to study the physiological, growth, and yield responses of sesame to the application of potassium nano-fertilizers, chitosan, and fulvic acid under drought stress in Semnan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center as a factorial split-plot based on randomized complete block ...
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The experiment aimed to study the physiological, growth, and yield responses of sesame to the application of potassium nano-fertilizers, chitosan, and fulvic acid under drought stress in Semnan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center as a factorial split-plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2019. Experimental treatments included drought as the main plot (normal irrigation, irrigation cut off in 70 and 60BBCH as moderate and severe stress, respectively) and potassium nano-fertilizer (0, 1.5,and 2.5 per thousand) and foliar application (control, chitosan, fulvic acid, and 50% of chitosan+fulvic acid) were performed as sub-plots. Application of potassium nano-fertilizer under normal and stress conditions resulted in a significant increase in chlorophyll b and total, leaf area index, number of capsules, 1000-seed weight, and oil percentage. The highest grain yield was related to the application of 1.5 and 2.5 per thousand nano fertilizers using fulvic acid alone or in combination with 50% chitosan.The highest oil content was in 1.5 and 2.5 per thousand nano fertilizer application under normal irrigation, which increased 13.2% and 15.4%, respectively.Foliar application of fulvic acid with nano potassium fertilizer under severe drought stress showed the highest activity of antioxidant enzymes catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase.In general, the results showed that the application of 1.5 per thousand nano potassium fertilizer and combined foliar application of chitosan and fulvic acid under severe drought by improving physiological traits, leading to the modification of the adverse effects of drought and increasing growth, yield, and quality indices of sesame.
Mona Arvand; Yousef Sohrabi
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of integrated management of chemical and biological fertilizers on physiological traits, and grain yield of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) under different irrigation levels, a split-plot experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with four ...
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In order to investigate the effects of integrated management of chemical and biological fertilizers on physiological traits, and grain yield of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) under different irrigation levels, a split-plot experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with four replications at research farm University of Kurdistan during 2016 spring. Two irrigation levels (irrigation at 100 percent and 70 percent of plant water requirement) were randomized on the main plot. Five fertilizer levels (including 100 percent chemical fertilizers, 80 percent chemical fertilizers + biofertilizers, 60 percent chemical fertilizers + biofertilizers, 40 percent chemical fertilizers + biofertilizers, and non-fertilizer application) were randomized on a sub-plot. The results revealed that under irrigation at 70 percent of the plant water requirement conditions, proline concentration, soluble carbohydrates concentration and lipid peroxidation increased, but the values of other physiological parameters were studied, and grain yield decreased. The combination of biological and chemical fertilizers positively affected the studied physiological traits and grain yield, such that the highest grain yield belonged to the combined treatment of 60 percent chemical fertilizers + biofertilizers (798.18 kg ha-1), which showed an increase of 37.22% compared to the control treatment (without fertilizer). Due to the positive effects of combining bio-chemical fertilizers on physiological parameters and grain yield, it is recommended to replace the combination of bio-chemical fertilizers instead of using only chemical fertilizers.
Shahram Nazari; maryam hossieni; Mehrzad Allahgholipour
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of seed priming (Pretreatment) and coating on seedling characteristics, root morphology and phenological stages of rice, a two-year experiment was conducted in the Rice Research Institute of Iran (Rasht) in two years 2020 and 2021. The experiment was performed as a ...
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In order to investigate the effect of seed priming (Pretreatment) and coating on seedling characteristics, root morphology and phenological stages of rice, a two-year experiment was conducted in the Rice Research Institute of Iran (Rasht) in two years 2020 and 2021. The experiment was performed as a factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Experimental factors included two rice cultivars (Hashemi and Gohar) and the seed pretreatment of rice cultivars in seven levels including 1- Priming with calcium chloride (-1.25 MPa in 24 hours), 2- Priming with potassium chloride (1.25 MPa in 24 hours), 3- Priming with zinc sulfate (concentration of 0.5 mM in 12 hours), 4- Hydropriming (48 hours) + Coating the seeds with calcium chloride, 5- Hydro-priming (48 hours) + Coating With potassium chloride, 6- hydropriming (48 hours) + coating with zinc sulfate and 7- hydropriming (48 hours as control). The results showed that the highest percentage and germination rate was observed with 99.5% and 0.23 seeds per day under seed priming with potassium chloride in the Gohar cultivar, respectively. The least time required of days to achieve 90% emergence was obtained Hasehmi and Gohar cultivars studied by priming with potassium chloride and calcium chloride. The highest root length with 24.6 cm was observed in priming with potassium chloride in the Gohar cultivar. The highest root dry weight in Hashemi and the Gohar cultivars was 2.14 and 4.9 g, respectively, in priming with potassium chloride.
Hosna Fayazi; Ebrahim Zeinali; Afshin Soltani; Benyamin Torabi
Abstract
Global climate change is among the most important agricultural and food security challenges. Study was conducted to investigate the effect of climate change on potential yield and water productivity of forage maize in Iran. Two scenarios of RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 was used to predict the future climate (2050s) ...
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Global climate change is among the most important agricultural and food security challenges. Study was conducted to investigate the effect of climate change on potential yield and water productivity of forage maize in Iran. Two scenarios of RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 was used to predict the future climate (2050s) and climate data of 2001-2015 were used as the base period. Potential yield was estimated using SSM-iCrop2 model according to the GYGA protocol and the climate changes for both scenarios were applied in the model. The results showed that the climate change will not have a considerable effect on forage maize yield compared to the current conditions (85.6 ton ha-1) and will only lead to an increase of 0.9 and 1.6 percent in on both scenarios. This may be attributed to maize being a C4 plant and thus, non-effectiveness of CO2 increase on its growth. Also, the temperature will remain in optimum range for maize in most of the main regions for forage maize cultivation areas in Iran. Water productivity in both scenarios will increase by 0.4 and 1.6 percent compared with the current conditions (10.4 kg m-3) which may be due to increase CO2 concentration and more closure of stomata. Also, improved water productivity in forage maize may be attributed to increase yield potential due to the fact that no considerable changes were observed in terms of the required water, evapotranspiration and irrigation times.
Seyedahmad Kalantarahmadi; Jahanfar Daneshian; Habib Mobinirad
Abstract
In order to develop winter cultivation and improvement rotation program of region, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of sowing date on sunflower cultivars seed yield, as split-plot based on completed randomized blocks design with four replications in Safiabad Agricultural and Natural ...
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In order to develop winter cultivation and improvement rotation program of region, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of sowing date on sunflower cultivars seed yield, as split-plot based on completed randomized blocks design with four replications in Safiabad Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Dezful during two years (2015-2016). The main plots were consisted of 4 sowing date levels (23rd Jan, 6th Feb, 20th Feb and 6th Mar) and sub plots included 9 levels of cultivars (Azargol, Armavirski, Barzegar, Progress, Record, Shams, Farokh, Ghasem and Gabor). Delaying in sowing date led to decrease growth period length and plant height. The highest number of seeds per capitulum (684.17) belonged to Record cultivar in the first sowing date in the first year and the maximum one (767.47) appointed to this cultivar in the third sowing date in the second year. The maximum seed yield in the first (3850 kg.ha-1) and second (4088 kg.ha-1) year appointed to the first sowing date (23rd Jan) and Azargol cultivar. Considering results, Azargol cultivar had the lowest rank and known as the cultivar had the highest seed yield at all sowing dates then Record and Armavirski,were placed respectively. In terms of stability, considering that Farrokh cultivar also had the lowest standard deviation, it was selected as the most stable cultivar.
mehrdad ranjbar; Fardin Sadegh-Zadeh; mostafa emadi; Mehdi Ghajar Sepanlou; Abdolghafour Ahmadpour Dashliboroun
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of different biochars and chemical fertilizers on growth and nutrient concentration of sugarcane, a factorial layout has been conducted based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in the greenhouse of Imam Khomeini Agro-Industrial Company in ...
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In order to investigate the effect of different biochars and chemical fertilizers on growth and nutrient concentration of sugarcane, a factorial layout has been conducted based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in the greenhouse of Imam Khomeini Agro-Industrial Company in Khuzestan during 2020. The experimental factors include biochar types (sugarcane bagasse, rice husk, rice straw, wheat straw and wood chips) and Chemical fertilizers (control, Nitrogen , Phosphorus and Potassium). the effect of interaction between biochar and chemical fertilizer treatments on the concentration of silicon, phosphorus and potassium of the plant has been significant at one percent and on the concentration of plant nitrogen at five percent. The highest concentration of Si was gained from the treatments of mixture of rice straw biochar and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, mixture of rice straw biochar and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer. Compared to the control treatment, the treatments of mixture of rice straw biochar and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer had the highest concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in the plant, which increased the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus by 49 and 36 percent, respectively. The highest height and fresh weight of the plant were related to the treatments of mixture of rice straw biochar and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. According to the results, the application of biochar and chemical fertilizers mixture is recommended to increase the growth and nutrient concentrations of sugarcane.
hana aboodeh; abdelmehdi bakhshandeh; Mohammad Moradi Telavat; seyed ata Siadat; SeyedAmir Moosavi
Abstract
In order to determine drought stress In the final stages of flowering up to 50% pods and pods until harvest tolerance in canola genotypes using yield-base stress tolerance indices, a split plot experiment was conducted based on the randomized complete block design with three replications at the research ...
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In order to determine drought stress In the final stages of flowering up to 50% pods and pods until harvest tolerance in canola genotypes using yield-base stress tolerance indices, a split plot experiment was conducted based on the randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of department of plant production and genetics, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Iran during 2020-2021. Main plots included three irrigation treatment: control (without interruption of irrigation), interruption of irrigation in the beginning of flowering stage (phenology code 60) to the formation of 50% pods (phenology code 75) and interruption of irrigation in the stage of formation of pods until harvest (Phenology code 99) in the main plots and The genotypes (Long pod, Aram, RGS 003, Jankom, Solar, Hayola 4815, Mahtab, Julius, Agamax and Sala) were arranged in sub-plots with respect to irrigation treatments. They were reliable indices to identify drought tolerant rapeseed cultivars. Indices MP, GMP, STI were the most suitable indices to evaluate drought stress tolerance in different treatments. The highest grain yield of control treatment was from Hayola 4815, Long pod, Solar genotypes (2093.8, 1791 and 1700 kg / ha), The lowest from Jankum genotype (832.1 kg / ha), in flowering Stress up to 50% pods. The highest grain yield was Hayola 4815 (1563.9 kg / ha) and Lon gpod (1150.9 kg / ha) and the lowest grain yield was Jankum and Mahtab genotype (540, 935.5 kg / ha).
Behrooz Dolatparast; Farzad Hosseinpanahi; Adel Siosemardeh; Hamed Mansory
Abstract
Considering the importance and value of water and optimal use of nitrogen in order to maintain production productivity and simultaneously reduce the negative environmental effects, two experiments were conducted in the 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 cropping season in the research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, ...
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Considering the importance and value of water and optimal use of nitrogen in order to maintain production productivity and simultaneously reduce the negative environmental effects, two experiments were conducted in the 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 cropping season in the research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan. The experiments were performed as a split plot in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Experimental treatments were included the different levels of irrigation as the main plots (25% (W1), 50% (W2), 75% (W3) and 100% (W4) of crop water requirement) and different levels of nitrogen fertilizer as a sub-plots (25% (N1), 50% (N2), 75% (N3) and 100% (N4) based on crop nitrogen requirement). The results showed that all the studied traits except the time of reaching the maximum pod area index were affected by the main and interaction effects. The highest grain yield was obtained in W4N4 treatment (5069 kg.ha-1) and the lowest grain yield was obtained in W1N1 and W1N2 treatments at 880 and 899 kg.ha-1, respectively, which decreased by 82.6 and 82.2% compared to control treatment, respectively. The grain and biological yield of W4N3 (4826 and 17589 kg.ha-1) and W3N4 (4712 and 17657 kg.ha-1) treatments, represented of 25% reduction in nitrogen consumption and 25% reduction in water consumption, respectively compared to the control treatment (W4N4) were recognized as superior treatments in this study in order to improve productivity.
Hadi Shooride; Heidar Meftahizade; Mohaddese Heydarzade; Abdollah Yousefi
Abstract
In order to investigate the yield and yield components of Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) genotypes to supplementary irrigation in rainfed conditions, a two-year study in the form of split strip plots based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at stations Shirvan, Kohnehkand ...
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In order to investigate the yield and yield components of Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) genotypes to supplementary irrigation in rainfed conditions, a two-year study in the form of split strip plots based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at stations Shirvan, Kohnehkand and Mohammadabad research stations in North Khorasan were carried out in the cropping years of 2019-2020. The main factor includes irrigation levels at three levels: rainfed, two irrigations (after planting and filling seed time) and three irrigations (after planting, pod formation and filling seed) and the secondary factor includes guar genotypes at four levels. The three Genotypes were RGC-1077, RGC-1036, RGC-1025 and Chabahar local population. The results of combined analysis showed that there was no significant difference between genotype sexcept in the number of days to flowering. On the other hand, the effect of supplementary irrigation treatment on yield characteristics compared to rainfed conditions was significant, but there was no significant difference between two and three times of supplementary irrigation. Guar seed yield in the first and second year in Ashkhaneh region (750.5 and 219.1 kg.ha-1) is higher than Bojnourd and Shirvan. The highest grain yield (590 kg.ha-1) was obtained in the first year from double irrigation and in the second year (271.51 kg.ha-1) from three irrigations. Among the experimental genotypes, the highest grain yield belonged to RGC-1025 genotype. In general, guar culture of RGC-1025 genotype can be recommended in Ashkhaneh area.
Hamzeh Khanjaniafshar; Mehrdad Chaichi; Mojtaba Jafarzadeh Kenarsari; amin farnia
Abstract
Drought, as the most common abiotic stress, is a major factor in crop yields by limiting crop production worldwide. To evaluate the effects of foliar application with potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) in the pollination stage on morphological and physiological characteristics of wheat under water stress conditions, ...
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Drought, as the most common abiotic stress, is a major factor in crop yields by limiting crop production worldwide. To evaluate the effects of foliar application with potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) in the pollination stage on morphological and physiological characteristics of wheat under water stress conditions, a split-factorial layout based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates were carried out at the experimental farm of the Research, Education and Extension Center of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Hamadan during 2017-2018. The main plot included irrigation levels (normal and water stress) and the subplot included two factors of foliar application of potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) fertilizers. Potassium fertilizer from K2O source (40%) including 2 liters per ha at three levels; I) without fertilizer (control sample), II) leaf spray at the beginning of booting, III) leaf spray after pollination, and zinc fertilizer from water-soluble zinc source (10%) including four liters per ha in three levels; I) without fertilizer (control sample), II) leaf spray at the beginning of booting, III) leaf spray was used after pollination. The results of the analysis of variance showed a significant difference between treatments in all studied traits. Significant differences in all of the traits were observed under stress and normal irrigation. Co-application of potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) fertilizers compared to the control increased HI (21%), grain yield (52%), total yield (29%), and TKW (25%) evaluated morphological indices under stress conditions.
Ebrahim Morshedi; MOHAMMAD HOOSAIN GHARINEH; Ahmad Kochekzadeh; Abdol Mehdi Bakhshandeh
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to evaluate effect of Bacillus and Pseudomonas on Quantitative and Qualitative Yield and malting efficiency of different Barley cultivars in rainfed conditions in a farm of Ilam Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center in 2017 and 2018. The experiment was factorial ...
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An experiment was conducted to evaluate effect of Bacillus and Pseudomonas on Quantitative and Qualitative Yield and malting efficiency of different Barley cultivars in rainfed conditions in a farm of Ilam Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center in 2017 and 2018. The experiment was factorial according to randomized complete blocks design with four replications. Three cultivars: Behrokh, Grace, and Sararoud1 as first and seed inoculated with growth-promoting bacteria and Fertilizer at eight levels (including: control, complete fertilizer (Field recommendation), Pseudomonas bacteria, Bacillus bacteria, combination of Pseudomonas and Bacillus bacteria, Pseudomonas bacteria + half fertilizer, Bacillus bacteria + half fertilizer and combination of Pseudomonas and Bacillus bacteria + half fertilizer) were considered as second factor. The results showed that all the studied traits (except malting efficiency) addition main effect, were significantly affected by year interaction in cultivar in fertilizer treatment, but malting efficiency influenced by interaction cultivar in fertilizer treatments. Heights number of seeds per spike, number of spikes per m-2, and grain yield were recorded by a combination of Pseudomonas and Bacillus bacteria + half fertilizer under garis cultivar with means 31, 390 and 5294 kg/h in 2018 and 35, 400 and 6222 kg/h respectively. Maximum malting efficiency (95.5 %) also was observed in the combination of Pseudomonas and Bacillus bacteria + half fertilizer under Behrokh.
Hamid Jabbari; Farid Golzardi; Farnaz Shariati; Hormoz Asadi
Abstract
In order to evaluate the quantity and quality of safflower cultivars forage in three forage harvesting times based on plant phenological stages, this present study was conducted in a randomized complete block design with split-plot in time arrangements with three replications at the Seed and Plant Improvement ...
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In order to evaluate the quantity and quality of safflower cultivars forage in three forage harvesting times based on plant phenological stages, this present study was conducted in a randomized complete block design with split-plot in time arrangements with three replications at the Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), Karaj, Iran, during the 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 cropping seasons. The main factor included three safflower cultivars (Goldasht, Golmehr, and Parnian) and three forage harvesting times (including stem elongation, branching, and flowering stages) were considered as the sub-factor. The results showed that the interaction effect of cultivar × harvesting time on the fresh forage yield, plant height, WSC, and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was significant (P≤0.01). The highest fresh forage yield (52103 kg ha-1) was obtained by harvesting the Golmehr cultivar at the beginning of flowering, however, the highest dry matter yield was observed in Golmehr and Parnian cultivars. The highest dry matter yield was observed in the branching stage (11900 kg ha-1) and the crude protein content in this stage was 14.57%. In contrast, the maximum crude protein content was observed in flowering stage (19.22%) but the mean dry matter yield at this stage was 9937 kg ha-1. The maximum and minimum RFV (130.3 and 92.3%) were recorded in the forage of Goldasht and Golmehr cultivars, respectively. Therefore, among the studied cultivars, Parnian, and among the growth stages, forage harvesting at the branching stage is introduced as the superior treatment to achieve maximum yield and quality of safflower forage.
Abbas Khanamani; Enayatollah Tohidi-Nejad; Gholamreza Khajoei-Nejad; Jalal Ghanbari
Abstract
This field experiment was performed during the growing season of 2019 at Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran. Nitrogen fertilizer rates (no-application, 50%, and 100%; 0, 75, and 150 kg urea per hectare) as the main factor, inoculation with growth-promoting bacteria (non-inoculation and inoculation ...
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This field experiment was performed during the growing season of 2019 at Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran. Nitrogen fertilizer rates (no-application, 50%, and 100%; 0, 75, and 150 kg urea per hectare) as the main factor, inoculation with growth-promoting bacteria (non-inoculation and inoculation with Pantoea agglomerans) as sub factor, and different fenugreek and black cumin cropping systems (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100) as sub-sub factor were evaluated. Biomass, yield, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), agronomy efficiency of fertilizer (AEF), and land equivalent ratio (LER) were determined. The results showed that the highest biomass and NUE of studied plants were obtained from 100% fertilization and bacteria inoculation in monoculture. The total LER was also significantly improved by fertilization (between 28-51%) and bacteria inoculation (23%) and showed a higher advantageous in 25:75 and 50:50 cropping patterns with LER values of 1.732 and 1.688, respectively. In contrast, reducing 50% of fertilization under bacterial inoculation increased the AEF, especially in fenugreek monoculture. Fertilization increased the total NUE and bacteria inoculation resulted in the highest NUE, particularly at increased ratios of fenugreek. Fenugreek:black cumin cropping ratio of 25:75 under 100% N fertilization and bacteria inoculation with LER ≈ 2 was the best treatment combination for gaining maximum overall productivity. Fertilization with 50% N inoculated with bacteria in the same cropping pattern can be recommended when fertilizer application is restricted. The present research suggests that the integrated application of bacteria and fertilization can enhance the overall efficiency of intercropping.
ali naderi arefi
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of reduced row spacing from usual 75 cm to 25 cm (UNR), an experiment conducted was at tow locations of Davarabad agricultural research station (Semnan province) and varamin central agricultural research satation. Experimental design was RCBD laid out in split plots ...
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In order to investigate the effects of reduced row spacing from usual 75 cm to 25 cm (UNR), an experiment conducted was at tow locations of Davarabad agricultural research station (Semnan province) and varamin central agricultural research satation. Experimental design was RCBD laid out in split plots with three replications. Main plots allocated to planting dates (May 22 and Jun 5, 2020) and five cultivars including Khorshid, Kashmar, Sajedi, Hekmat and Khordad laid out in sub plots. The results showed that location effect on vegetative and reproductive attributes was significant. UNR led to increasing of yield in Aradan, but in Varamin region, this planting method, not only did not increased the yield, but reduced it significantly, due to reducing of boll number resultant of rank growth of plants in UNR system. Reduction of row spaces from 75 to 25 cm enhanced the number of monopodials, sympodials and plant height. In varamin, plant height of all cultivars were higher than 119 cm. the highest yield in this region obtained from Khordad as control (3886 kg seed ha -1). The highest yield in Aradan obtained from khorshid (5702.5 kg seed ha -1) in UNR system. This result showed that the UNR planting of zero type varieties is more adabtable for Garmsar condition than that of Varamin.
Shahryar Kazemi; mahsa rafati alashti; Ghorban Khodabin
Abstract
In order to study the effect of brassinosteroids on yield and physiological characteristics of rapeseed genotypes under late-season drought stress, a factorial split-plot test was conducted in a randomized complete blocks design with three replicates for two cultivation years (2017-2019) in the research ...
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In order to study the effect of brassinosteroids on yield and physiological characteristics of rapeseed genotypes under late-season drought stress, a factorial split-plot test was conducted in a randomized complete blocks design with three replicates for two cultivation years (2017-2019) in the research farm of Islamic Azad University, Karaj (Mahdasht). Experimental treatments were included two levels of brassinosteroid (0 (control) and 0.1μmol) and two levels of irrigation (full irrigation (control) and withholding irrigation from 50% flowering stage) as factorial in the main plots, and rapeseed genotypes (Nafis, Ahmadi, Okapi, Nima and Niloofar) were considered as subplots. foliar application of brassinosteroid under both full irrigation and withholding irrigation from flowering stage increased seed yield, chlorophyll and relative water content compared to the control. The highest amount of soluble carbohydrates, leaf proline and oil percentage were obtained under drought stress and brassinosteroid application, which were 24.8%, 16.5% and 2.5% respectively, compared to control conditions. However, Okapi genotype had the highest stomatal resistance (24.59s/cm), the lowest chlorophyll (1.49 μmolg-1FW) and seed yield (1960.5 kg/ha) in the conditions of withholding irrigation. Niloufar genotype had the lowest stomatal resistance, the highest chlorophyll, oil percentage and seed yield in both irrigation conditions. In general, in both irrigation treatments, the use of brassinosteroids improved physiological traits of rapeseed.
Mahsa Rafati Alashti; Shahryar Kazemi; Mojdeh Sadat Khayat Moghadam
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the most important factors in reducing yield and seed quality of rapeseed. Evaluation the effect of application of brassinosteroid on seed yield, oil content, oil yield and fatty acids profile of rapeseed genotypes under late-season water deficit stress has been considered as ...
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Drought stress is one of the most important factors in reducing yield and seed quality of rapeseed. Evaluation the effect of application of brassinosteroid on seed yield, oil content, oil yield and fatty acids profile of rapeseed genotypes under late-season water deficit stress has been considered as the main purpose of the current study. A factorial split-plot test was conducted in a randomized complete blocks design for two cultivation years (2017-2019) in Karaj, Iran. Experimental treatments were included two levels of brassinosteroid (0 (control) and 0.1μmol) and two levels of irrigation (full irrigation (control) and withholding irrigation from flowering stage) as factorial in the main plots, and rapeseed genotypes (Nafis, Ahmadi, Okapi, Nima and Niloufar) were considered as subplots. The levels of oleic acid and linoleic acid in the conditions of application of brassinosteroids were 0.7% and 11% in full irrigation conditions and 1.1% and 6.4% in withholding irrigation conditions, respectively, compared to the control treatmen on tthe other hand, the use of brassinosteroids in withholding irrigation conditions reduced palmitic acid by 14% compared to the control. Okapi genotype had the highest and lowest erucic acid and grain yield in irrigation conditions, respectively. This was while under drought stress conditions, the highest seed yield (3112.3 kg/ha) and the lowest amount of erucic acid (0.26%) belonged to Niloufar genotype. The use of brassinosteroids in both irrigation treatments improved the quality of fatty acids and Niloufar cultivar is recommended in both irrigation conditions.
saeedeh kermani poorbaghaei; Majid Pouryousef; ali reza yousefi; masoud rafie
Abstract
In order to evaluate the biochemical properties of dragon’s head) Lallemantia iberica L.( ecotypes’ using some anti-perspirants in rainfed conditions in the crop year 2018 an experiment was conducted in Karaj and Khorramabad regions. The experiment was performed based on a randomized complete ...
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In order to evaluate the biochemical properties of dragon’s head) Lallemantia iberica L.( ecotypes’ using some anti-perspirants in rainfed conditions in the crop year 2018 an experiment was conducted in Karaj and Khorramabad regions. The experiment was performed based on a randomized complete block design) RCBD( with a factorial arrangement consisting of three replications. The first factor consists of four different ecotypes of dragon’s head) Kurdistan, Takab, Nazarkahrizi and Kalibar( and the second factor were included three anti-transpirant compounds )kaolin with a concentration of 5 Percent, chitosan with a concentration of 1 Percent and Ista with a concentration of 2 Percent( and no anti-transpirant )control(. The results showed that using anti-transpirants increased the amount of the activity of catalase and peroxidase enzymes. Ista anti-transpirant had a greater effect on enzyme activity than kaolin and chitosan. The highest amount of peroxidase and catalase )0.51-0.39 unit mg /protein( were obtained respectively from the ecotypes of Kurdistan treated with Ista and in Karaj cultivation. In addition, the highest grain yield and biomass yield were obtained from treatment with chitosan, which increased (4-20%) compared to the control, respectively. Based on the results, using anti-transpirants in dryland cultivation conditions improved most of the studied yield traits and biochemical traits compared to the control.
farzaneh Pimard; Abdolrahman Mohammadkhani; Ali Niazi; Alireza Shahsavar; Mohammad-Reza Nouri-Emamzadei
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the limiting factors of agriculture in many parts of the world, especially Iran. Understanding the mechanism of the effect of drought stress on physiological and biochemical processes of genotypes is very useful for selecting and breeding of genotypes compatible with Iranian ...
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Drought stress is one of the limiting factors of agriculture in many parts of the world, especially Iran. Understanding the mechanism of the effect of drought stress on physiological and biochemical processes of genotypes is very useful for selecting and breeding of genotypes compatible with Iranian conditions. For this purpose, the present study was conducted in 2018-2019 in the Biotechnology Research Institute of Shiraz University to investigating the effect of drought stress on physiological and biochemical characteristics of tow years old pomegranate seedlings of Wonderful cultivar in greenhouse conditions. Irrigation was carried out at four levels of 100% (control), 75%, 55% and 35% of field capacity for 50 days. The experiment was based on a completely randomized design with three replications. The results showed the drought stress significantly increased carotenoids, flavonoids, malondialdehyde, and proline. The relative leaf water content, cell membrane stability and anthocyanins decreased, but there was no significant difference in chlorophyll and glycine betaine levels between drought treatments. Also, the hydrogen peroxide (81%) and activity of superoxide dismutase (480%), catalase (96%), and ascorbate peroxidase (96%) in 35% of field capacity significantly increased. According to the results of this study, especially the increase in proline and antioxidant enzymes under drought stress, tolerance mechanisms in pomegranate cultivar Wonderful can be associated with active osmotic regulation and active enzymatic antioxidant system.
Mohamad Keshtegar khajedad; Alireza Sirousmehr; Issa Khammari; Khodadad Dahmardeh
Abstract
Water deficit is one of the most important limiting factors of production in crops. The present study was conducted in 2019-2020 to investigate the effect of different irrigation times and foliar application of humic acid on morphophysiological traits and yield of black beans as a split plot in a randomized ...
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Water deficit is one of the most important limiting factors of production in crops. The present study was conducted in 2019-2020 to investigate the effect of different irrigation times and foliar application of humic acid on morphophysiological traits and yield of black beans as a split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Zahak Agricultural Research Station in Sistan and Baluchestan province. The main factor of three irrigation treatments including: irrigation from planting to harvest, irrigation from planting to flowering, and irrigation from flowering to harvest, and the secondary factor includes foliar application of four levels of humic acid (0, 1, 2 and 3 per thousand). With increasing drought stress levels, plant height and width, fresh and dry forage yield, leaf area (in both stem and flowering stages), photosynthetic pigments, nitrogen, phosphorus (3.39%), potassium (20.6%), calcium of leaf, grain yield (11.27%) and biological yield(60.22%) decreased but proline (31.88%) increased than control . With increasing humic acid levels, the values of all studied traits increased. Humic acid had a positive effect on black bean plant traits under drought stress conditions, so that its concentration of three per thousand reduced the adverse effects of drought stress and increased the tolerance of black bean crop. In general, complete irrigation and application of three per thousand humic acids for the production of black beans seems appropriate. It is suggested that in future research, soil application of humic acid consumption should be investigated to compare the efficiency of the methods used.
Fatemeh Samadzadeh; Alireza Pirzad; Hossein Zeinalzadeh-Tabrizi
Abstract
Determining the appropriate planting arrangement and plant density leads to better productivity of resources and increased yield per unit area. In this regard, an experiment was conducted in the Ardabil agricultural and natural resources research and education center (Moghan) during the 2021 crop year. ...
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Determining the appropriate planting arrangement and plant density leads to better productivity of resources and increased yield per unit area. In this regard, an experiment was conducted in the Ardabil agricultural and natural resources research and education center (Moghan) during the 2021 crop year. In this experiment, a strip plot design based on randomized complete blocks with four replications was used. The effect of planting rows at a spacing of 30, 45, and 60 cm was the main factor, and planting spacing of 5, 8, 11, and 14 cm was the subfactor. The results showed that by increasing the distance between plants on the planting row, the maximum days to flowering initiation (47.25 days), growth period (122.25 days), stem diameter (8.33 mm), number of branches (2.97), and capsule length (24.20 mm) of sesame were observed at a planting distance of 14 cm between plants. Row spacing of 45 to 30 cm increased the number of capsules per plant, the number of seeds per capsule, 1000-seed weight of sesame by 33, 18.50 and 16 percent, respectively. The highest seed yield, fresh and dry weight, were observed at 1455.40, 5021.80, and 1280.73 kg/ha, respectively, at 45 cm distance between planting rows. The results of this experiment showed that planting arrangement with a distance between plants of 14 cm and a distance between planting rows of 45 cm, with optimal use of environmental resources, is suitable for cultivation in Moghan plain and recommended for local farmers.
Raouf Seyed sharif; reza seyed sharifi
Abstract
In order to study the effects of starter nitrogen, putrescine and nano silicon on yield and some physiological and biochemical traits of rainfed Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), an experiment was carried out as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications in a farm ...
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In order to study the effects of starter nitrogen, putrescine and nano silicon on yield and some physiological and biochemical traits of rainfed Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), an experiment was carried out as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications in a farm of near Ardabil in 2021. Experiment factors were included starter nitrogen (without nitrogen aplication as control, application of 20 and 40 kg.ha-1 by urea), putrescine foliar aplication (foliar application with water as control, application of 0.5 and 1 mM putrescine) and nano silicon (foliar application with water as control, application of 25 and 50 mg.L-1). Means comparision showed that the highest level from nano silicon, putrescine and starter nitrogen application increased chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and proline content (139,137,138 and 80% respectively) compared to no application of nano silicon, putrescine and starter nitrogen. The highest level nano silicon and putrescine increased the activity of catalase, peroxidase enzymes and grain yield (40, 16.3 and 16.6% respectively) compared to no application of nano silicon and putrescine. Maximum of quantum yield (7.4, 8 and 15.5% respectively) and the activity of polyphenol oxidase enzyme (17, 9 and 21% respectively) were obtained at the highest level starter nitrogen, putrescine and nano silicon. It seems that the application of nano silicon, putrescine and starter nitrogen can increase grain yield of chickpea under rainfed condition due to improving physiological and biochemical traits.
Faezeh Heidari; Jalal Jalilian; esmaeil gholinezhad
Abstract
This experiment was conducted on factorial experimental based on completely randomized design with three replications in the research field of Urmia University during 2017-2018. The first factor was salinity stress with water of Lake Urmia at three levels (0, 16, 32 dS m-1) and the second factor was ...
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This experiment was conducted on factorial experimental based on completely randomized design with three replications in the research field of Urmia University during 2017-2018. The first factor was salinity stress with water of Lake Urmia at three levels (0, 16, 32 dS m-1) and the second factor was nano-fertilizer at five levels (potassium, zinc calcium, silica, and no foliar application (control)). The results showed that the highest and lowest values of plant height, leaf dry weight and inflorescence dry weight were obtained from the treatment without salinity stress and salinity stress at 32 dS m-1, respectively. Salinity stress at 32 and 16 ds/m compared to control increased crude protein (5 and 3%), soluble carbohydrates (15 and 14%), acid detergent fiber (23 and 7%), neutral detergent fiber (20% and 5%) and crude fiber (10% and 5%), respectively, while it reduced the total ash (27 and 17%) and dry matter digestibility (22 and 8%). Also, foliar application of nano-fertilizers improved forage quality traits such as crude protein, total ash, dry matter digestibility and soluble carbohydrate content and unfavorable qualitative traits such as neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and crude fiber decreased. Therefore, in order to improve the growth and increase the quality of quinoa forage and to reduce the effects of salinity stress, foliar application with various nano-fertilizers, especially calcium nano-fertilizer, is recommended.
Mohammad Jabbari oranj; Hosein Moghadam; Mohammad Reza Jahansooz; Ali Ahmadi; Babak Motesharezadeh
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of irrigation, planting date and biofertilizers on phenological traits, yield and some qualitative traits of quinoa as a new plant, an experiment was conducted on a farm located in Bilehsvar region of Ardabil province in two cropping years from 2019 to 2021 in split ...
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In order to investigate the effects of irrigation, planting date and biofertilizers on phenological traits, yield and some qualitative traits of quinoa as a new plant, an experiment was conducted on a farm located in Bilehsvar region of Ardabil province in two cropping years from 2019 to 2021 in split - split plot design based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Experimental factors include irrigation at three levels including (complete irrigation, irrigation termination in budding stage and irrigation termination in seed filling stage) as a main factor, planting date at three levels such as (27 July, 11 August and 27 August) as a sub-factor and four levels of nitrogen biofertilizer (Control, seed inoculant with Azotobacter, inoculant with Azospirillum and inoculation with a mixture of Azotobacter and Azospirillum) were considered as a sub-sub-factor. The results showed that the use of complete irrigation with a planting date of 27 July and inoculation of Azotobacter and Azospirillum biofertilizers increased the length of phenological stages and 1000-seed weight. In terms of harvest index, complete irrigation treatment with planting date of 27 July and combined inoculation of biofertilizers had the highest value, in terms of protein percentage and saponin content of seed, irrigation interruption at the budding stage with planting date of 27 July and co-inoculation with biofertilizers had the best results and the highest biological yield (620 g/m2) and grain yield (304.97 g / m2) was obtained from complete irrigation treatment with planting date of 11 August and co-inoculation of biofertilizers.
Reza Sadeghi; Mostafa Mirzaei; Asgar Ebadollahi; Arsalan Jamshidnia; Majid Ghorbani Javid
Abstract
Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella Hübner (Pyralidae) is one of the most important pests of storage products in Iran, which is controlled by chemical fumigants. The use of plant essential oils and their compounds can be a suitable alternative to conventional fumigants due to their low risks ...
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Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella Hübner (Pyralidae) is one of the most important pests of storage products in Iran, which is controlled by chemical fumigants. The use of plant essential oils and their compounds can be a suitable alternative to conventional fumigants due to their low risks to mammals. In this study, the mortality, inhibition of alpha-amylase enzyme, and the total protein content of Indian meal moth larvae (Plodia interpunctella (Hübner)) affected by saffron petal extract with high concentration of anthocyanin investigated under experimental conditions. Concentrations were 500, 690, 1000, 1380, and 2000 ppm which were used against the fifth-instar larvae of the pest in four replications within 24 and 48 h. The lethal concentration to kill fifty percentage of larvae (LC50) by saffron petal extract after 24 and 48 hours was estimated as 2244.950 and 1434.828 ppm, respectively. Alpha-amylase enzyme activity in the fifth instar larvae of Indian meal moth treated by saffron petal extract was significantly different from the control. The highest activity of the alpha-amylase enzyme in pest larvae treated by saffron petal extract was recorded with 83.1%, and the inhibitory rate of this enzyme was 21.8%, which were significantly different from control. Also, the amount of protein in the larvae affected by this extract was significantly different from the control groups. Therefore, due to its fumigant toxicity and the alpha-amylase inhibitory activity of Indian meal moth larvae, saffron petal extract can be considered for additional researches to manage this pest.
Mojtaba Kaboodkhani; Hadi salek mearaji; Keyvan aghaei; Afshin Tavakoli
Abstract
Quinoa grain plays an important role in human nutrition and is one of the plants that tolerates salinity. In order to investigate the effect of salinity stress on physiological traits and yield of quinoa cultivars, a two-factor factorial experiment was conducted a completely randomized design with three ...
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Quinoa grain plays an important role in human nutrition and is one of the plants that tolerates salinity. In order to investigate the effect of salinity stress on physiological traits and yield of quinoa cultivars, a two-factor factorial experiment was conducted a completely randomized design with three replications in 2020 year under greenhouse conditions. Experimental treatments included three quinoa cultivars (Titicaca, Q 26 and Giza 1) and three salinity levels (0, 15, 30 dS/m). Under salinity stress, reduced traits such as photosynthetic pigments, relative leaf water content and grain yield, but increased electrolyte leakage, proline, malon-dialdehyde (MDA) and enzymes activity of catalase and guaiacol peroxidase. The Q 26 cultivar had the highest content of carotenoids, chlorophyll a, relative water content, soluble proteins, proline and catalase activity compared to other cultivars. Titicaca cultivar had lower malon-dialdehyde (MDA) content and electrolyte leakage than Q 26 and Giza 1 cultivars that indicates the least damage to cell membranes, which was superior to the other two cultivars. Giza 1 cultivar also had higher chlorophyll b and carotenoids than the other two cultivars. Q 26 and Giza 1 cultivars are probably the most resistant and sensitive cultivars to salinity stress, respectively. According to this result, it suggested that, the experiment repeated in the saline soil conditions of the field to obtain comprehensive information.
arefeh mazrouei; keramatollah saeidi; zahara izadi; Abdolrahman Mohammadkhani
Abstract
Since harvested horticultural products are highly perishable, techniques and methods should be used to increase their shelf life for their use in all seasons and their export. The effects of the encapsulation of Satureja bachtiarica essential oil with chitosan on the sensory and qualitative characteristics ...
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Since harvested horticultural products are highly perishable, techniques and methods should be used to increase their shelf life for their use in all seasons and their export. The effects of the encapsulation of Satureja bachtiarica essential oil with chitosan on the sensory and qualitative characteristics of pomegranate arils were studied in an experiment based on a completely randomized design with eight treatments including different w/w ratios of S. bachtiarica essential oil to chitosan (1:1, 1:2, and 1:3) at two spray levels of S. bachtiarica essential oil (0.3 and 0.6), and a pre-treatment and a post-treatment control, with three replications in the research laboratory of Shahrekord University in 2020-2021. Arils treated with the chitosan: essential oil ratio of 1-0.6 exhibited the best appearance and those treated with 2-0.3 and 3-0.3 exhibited the best taste. Based on the results, the diameter of the antimicrobial halo related to the fungus was 2 mm in the essential oil treatment and 5.5 mm in the essential oil: chitosan ratio of 1:2. The highest encapsulation efficiency and the smallest particle size were related to the treatment of 1:2. The ratio of 1:3 showed higher efficiency than the ratio of 1:1 (55.1 percent versus 51.2 percent). The lowest zeta potential was obtained from the 1:3 ratio and the highest from the 1:1 ratio. Overall, coating pomegranate arils and selecting an appropriate concentration of S. bachtiarica with chitosan coating (1-0.3 and 2-0.3) can significantly contribute to preserving the shelf life, marketability, and nutritional quality of pomegranate arils.
Nooshin Derakhshan; Hossein Alaei; Rohollah Saberi Riseh; Ebrahim Sedaghati; Asghar Rahimi
Abstract
Salinity can prevent the uptake of soil mineral ions due to the negative effect of sodium ions and disturbance of ion balance, but the use of Trichoderma biocompounds improves growth under salinity stress. To investigate the effect of four salinity-resistant Trichoderma strains on growth traits and mineral ...
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Salinity can prevent the uptake of soil mineral ions due to the negative effect of sodium ions and disturbance of ion balance, but the use of Trichoderma biocompounds improves growth under salinity stress. To investigate the effect of four salinity-resistant Trichoderma strains on growth traits and mineral element uptake of eggplant seedlings under stress conditions, an experiment was performed in a completely randomized factorial design with three replications in the greenhouse of Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan during 2016-2017. The first factor was salinity in four levels including control and concentrations of 8, 12 and 16 dS/m and the second factor was Trichoderma as T. aureoviride (T148-2, T189-4) and T. virens (T145, T133-1) and control. The results showed that under the influence of salinity, a significant decrease in growth traits was observed. At the highest salinity level, the average dry weight of roots and shoots was 50 and 72%, respectively. For stem diameter and seedling height, a 20% decrease was observed compared to the control. However, inoculation with Trichoderma improved these traits, resulted in increasing a 1.6-fold in root dry weight (T142-8), 2.7fold shoot dry weight (T133-1) and 1.3-fold seedling height (T189-4) in comparison to control. The highest diameter increase was observed in T142-8 strain by 38%. Using Trichoderma led to significant changes in sugar, sodium, potassium and calcium content. The results of this study showed that Trichoderma can be a suitable biological agent to increase tolerance at high levels of salinity stress and improve the growth traits of eggplant seedlings
mohammad reza baghbani; Abdolreza Siahpoosh; Alireza Shafeinia; Elham Elahifard
Abstract
. Fennel, plant has slow growth in the first year and is a weak competitor in the competition with weeds due to being in their shade. This condition ultimately affects its performance and reduces it.. Therefore, in order to evaluate weed control using plant density, trifluralin herbicide and mechanical ...
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. Fennel, plant has slow growth in the first year and is a weak competitor in the competition with weeds due to being in their shade. This condition ultimately affects its performance and reduces it.. Therefore, in order to evaluate weed control using plant density, trifluralin herbicide and mechanical control, an experiment in the form of randomized complete blocks with three factors and three replications in the Faculty of Agriculture, Khuzestan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources in It was implemented in 2019-2020. Factors tested included mechanical control at two levels (without cultivator and double cultivator), plant density at three levels (6, 12 and 24 plants per square meter) and application of trifluralin herbicide at three levels (zero as a weed control). , 1.5 and 3 liters per hectare). The results of this study showed that the highest reduction in density and dry weight of weeds were 90.41% and 81.25%, respectively, in a plot with a density of 24 plants per square meter of fennel and 3 liters per hectare of herbicide trifluralin and It was obtained with two cultivators. Also, the treatment with (density of 24 plants per square meter of fennel and 1.5 liters per hectare of trifluralin and with 2 cultivators) did not show a significant difference with the above treatment. Therefore, to reduce the use of herbicides, a dose of 1.5 liters of trifluralin can be used instead of a dose of 3 liters, along with 2 cultivators.
Jafar Massah; Hassan Tahmasebi; Mahmoud Reza Roozban; Behzad Azadegan
Abstract
The use of methods to reduce energy consumption of greenhouses such as reduced heat losses, and improved efficiency of heating, cooling and irrigation systems can be reduced the energy consumption for the production of any crop to several times. In the present research, an automated system for climate ...
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The use of methods to reduce energy consumption of greenhouses such as reduced heat losses, and improved efficiency of heating, cooling and irrigation systems can be reduced the energy consumption for the production of any crop to several times. In the present research, an automated system for climate control of a rose greenhouse was designed and built. This system was consisted of control and measurement stations. Control unit was consisting of a human-machine interface (HMI) device; and measurement station formed of one humidity, one light and 8 temperature sensors. Climate conditions of the greenhouse is received by measurement station, and sent to the control one.
In the present research, impacts of the built automated system for climate control of greenhouse on the qualitative and quantitative traits of three cut-roses cultivars including 'Angelina', 'Samurai' and 'Red One' were compared with the control system. Also, energy consumption in both systems were calculated and analyzed, too. Based on the results, quality index and shoot weight of the cut-roses were improved under the automated system than control one. But there was not found any differences in traits of flowering stem length and number, stem diameter, number of lateral and blind shoots, internodes length and vase-life, between crops of two system compared. The results indicated also a reduction in energy consumption under the automated climate management system than control one, for 12%.
Ali Reza Tavakoli; Reza Nosrati; Matin Jamaimoeini
Abstract
Heavy metals are considered important pollutants for the environment, many of these metals are toxic even in very low concentrations. The aim of this study was to compare the response of different sesame cultivars to irrigation with different levels of chromium contaminated water. The experiment was ...
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Heavy metals are considered important pollutants for the environment, many of these metals are toxic even in very low concentrations. The aim of this study was to compare the response of different sesame cultivars to irrigation with different levels of chromium contaminated water. The experiment was carried out as factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Mayamey, Semnan Province, Iran. Experimental factors included irrigation with different levels of chromium-contaminated water in 5 levels (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100percent) and three sesame cultivars (Dashtestan, Oltan and local). The results indicated that irrigation with chromium-contaminated water significantly reduced the plant height and root length (p < 0.01), but had no significant effect on leaflet number and shoot fresh weight. The highest decrease in plant height and root length were observed under irrigation with 100% chromium-contaminated water. There was significant differences between sesame cultivars in relation to the growth characteristics. So, the Oltan cultivar had the highest plant height, leaflet number, root length and water productivity index compared to other cultivars. According to the results, high levels of chromium in irrigation water significantly reduced the growth of different cultivars.
HOSEIN nAZARLI; ali naderi arefi
Abstract
In order to improve the resistance of German chamomile to drought stress, this factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design in agricultural college of Tehran university in 2013-14 cropping season. Experimental treatments included 2 levels of drought stress (normal irrigation ...
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In order to improve the resistance of German chamomile to drought stress, this factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design in agricultural college of Tehran university in 2013-14 cropping season. Experimental treatments included 2 levels of drought stress (normal irrigation and severe stress), 2 chamomile cultivars (German Badgold and Hungarian modified cultivars) and foliar spray with or without putrescine. The results showed that the simple effect of putrescine polyamine on plant height and biomass was significant at 1% level and on harvest index at 5% level. Plant height did not have a significant response to putrescine in control conditions, but in severe stress, the effect of foliar application showed a significant increase (13.5%). The simple effect of putrescine on percentage and essential oil yield (at 1% level) was significant. Also, the interaction effect of moisture regimes and foliar application with putrescine on essential oil content (at 5% level) and essential oil yield (at 1% level) was significant. Under optimal moisture conditions, putrescine resulted in a significant increase in essential oil content by 38%. But its foliar application in drought stress increased the essential oil content by only 4%. Foliar application of putrescine reduced the amount of farnesene and bisabolol B oxide in both conditions. Another important compound was bisabolone oxide A, which putrescine treatment had a positive effect on its accumulation, so that under favorable conditions of moisture its concentration increased by 87%, but under conditions of stress its effect decreased and showed only 35%.
Arefeh Alipour ghasem abad sofla; Ali Nakhzari Moghaddam; Mehdi Mollashahi; Ebrahim Gholamalalipour Alamdari
Abstract
Combining organic and chemical fertilizers is one of the most important ways to achieve sustainable agriculture. In order to investigate the effect of organic fertilizers with chemical fertilizers on yield, yield components and quality traits of sunflower, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized ...
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Combining organic and chemical fertilizers is one of the most important ways to achieve sustainable agriculture. In order to investigate the effect of organic fertilizers with chemical fertilizers on yield, yield components and quality traits of sunflower, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in spring 2018 at Gonbad Kavous University farm research. Cultivar factor was included Haysan 25 and Oscar and combination of fertilizer factor was included no fertilizer application, 100 kg N/ha, 50 kg N/ha, 50 kg N/ha + 1.5 kg humic acid/ha, 50 kg N/ha + 0.5 kg Vita free/ha and 50 kg N/ha + 1.5 kg humic acid + 0.5 kg Vita free/ha. The results showed that the effect of cultivar and fertilizer on most of the measured traits was significant. Oscar cultivar produced higher grain yield, biological yield and oil percent and oil yield than Haysan 25 cultivar. Grain yield, oil yield, biological yield and plant height in 100 kg N/ha treatment was higher than other fertilizer treatments but was not significant difference with 50 kg N/ha + 1.5 kg humic acid/ha + 0.5 kg Vita free/ha treatment. Based on results, in order to achieve the maximum seed and oil yield of sunflower and to prevent excessive use of chemical fertilizers, the combined use of Nitrogen fertilizer, humic acid and vita free is necessary.
Seyed Farhad Saberali
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction between planting date and the nitrogen rate on the growth and yield of winter wheat in Torbat-e-Jam, Khorasan Razavi province. The field experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with split plot arrangements and three replications in ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction between planting date and the nitrogen rate on the growth and yield of winter wheat in Torbat-e-Jam, Khorasan Razavi province. The field experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with split plot arrangements and three replications in Torbat-e-Jam, in the 2019-2020. Experimental treatments included three planting dates: 1 October, 17 October and 2 November as the main plot, and nitrogen fertilizer at levels 0 (as a control), 100, 125, 150, 175 and 200 kg nitrogen ha-1 as a subplot. Pishtaz cultivar was planted in experimental plots which included 7 planting lines with a row spacing of 15 cm and length of 8 m. The results of the analysis of variance showed that planting date and nitrogen fertilizer application and their interaction had a significant effect on all measured traits. The results showed that the yield and yield components were the highest on 1 October, and the values of most of these traits showed a significant decrease in planting on 12 November compared to 10 October. The highest grain yield was obtained from a nitrogen application rate of 200 kg ha-1 on 1 October and 16 October, while the maximum yield was obtained with an application rate of 175 kg ha-1 on 2 November. The growth and yield response of wheat to the rate of nitrogen application decreased with a delay in planting date, and the option of planting date must be considered in order to recommend efficient fertilizer usage.
Somayyeh Chenani; Mohammad Moradi Telavat; Ali Moshattati
Abstract
To investigate the effect of diferent levels of vermicompost and boron on safflower grain and oil yield, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications in the 2016-17 crop year at the research farm of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University ...
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To investigate the effect of diferent levels of vermicompost and boron on safflower grain and oil yield, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications in the 2016-17 crop year at the research farm of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan. Experimental factors included four levels of vermicompost (0, 4, 8 and 12 tons per hectare) and four boron levels (0, 3, 6 and 9 kg per hectare) from the source of boric acid (H3BO3) as soil application. The results showed that the effect of vermicompost on most of the measured traits was significant. Accordingly, biological yield and yield components including of number of capitols per square meter, grain per capitol, and 1000-grain weight increased significantly to the highest level of vermicompost consumption. The effect of boron on grain number per capitol, grain yield, biological yield, stigma yield, harvest index, oil yield and grain protein percentage was significant. The interaction effect of vermicompost and boron on grain yield, harvest index, oil yield, grain protein percentage and nitrogen uptake per unit aera was significant. Comparison of means showed that the highest grain yield (3184 kg/ha) and the highest oil yield (939 kh/ha) were obtained in the treatment of 12 tons of vermiompost and 3 kg of boron per hectare. In both cases, grain and oil yield per unit area showed a 100% increase compared to the control treatment.
Raheleh Ghale Ghafi; Hossein HajiAbaee; Fathieh Nabhani; Salvia Mohammadpour; Zahra Ardanji Kalate Siyahdasht
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal fungi (Rhizophagus irigularis) and rhizobacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens) on maize under different fertilization conditions as greenhouse research in the Jalin region of Gorgan in 2018 during two separate experiments. The aim of the ...
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This study was carried out to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal fungi (Rhizophagus irigularis) and rhizobacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens) on maize under different fertilization conditions as greenhouse research in the Jalin region of Gorgan in 2018 during two separate experiments. The aim of the first experiment was to compare the conventional soil incubation with seed-coating incubation, and the second experiment was to assess the growth of maize incubated with mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria through seed-coating at three treatment levels of Hoagland nutrient solution (Control, 80 and 100 volumetric percentage of Hoagland solution). In both experiments, at 70 days after seed-coating, one gram of maize roots and soil attached to it were sampled and DNA was extracted from the maize rhizosphere. In the first experiment, there was no significant difference between the conventional soil incubation and seed-coating incubation according to the dry weight of stems and roots, roots’ longitudinal colonization percentage, arboscol abundance, vesicles abundance, and elements concentration. In the second experiment and under full fertilizing conditions, mycorrhizal incubation showed a significant increase in concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and zinc (18.1, 3.5, 56, and 46.0 mg/kg, respectively) compared to the control (12.6, 3.1, 39.6, and 24.4 mg/kg, respectively), and the bacterial incubation showed a significant increase for magnesium, zinc, and manganese (2.0, 42.6, and 145 mg/kg, respectively) compared to the control (1.0, 24.4, and 60 mg/kg, respectively).
musa Ebrahimpour; Pourang Kasraie; Hamidreza Larijani; Hamidreza Tohidi moghadam; Sahar Honarmand Jahromi
Abstract
In order to investigate the foliar application of bacterial herbicides and aqueous extracts of plants on morphological characteristics and starch of rice and barnyard grass weed, an experiment was conducted as split factorial based on a randomized complete block design cityAmol with three replications ...
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In order to investigate the foliar application of bacterial herbicides and aqueous extracts of plants on morphological characteristics and starch of rice and barnyard grass weed, an experiment was conducted as split factorial based on a randomized complete block design cityAmol with three replications in the two cropping years of 2018 and 2019. Factors included foliar application of aqueous extracts plants and surfactant of sorghum, broccoli, nettle, eucalyptus, elder-berry, Streptomyces sp-albos containing thaxtomin, Xanthomonas campestris bacteria and control as the main factor, the concentration of the extract was zero, 5, 10 and 15 per thousand as a sub factor and the plant species of rice were Tarom cultivar and barnyard grass weed as a sub-sub factor. By extracts foliar application, barnyard grass seed yield and biological yield decreased and the seed starch percent increased. Rice seed yield in the using of 5 per thousand of broccoli extract and 5 per thousand of Streptomyces sp-albos has not significantly different from the control. By increasing the concentration of the extract, seed yield and biological yield of rice and barnyard grass showed a further decreasing, the most effect was obtained in 15 per thousand extracts. In rice, biological yield in sorghum, broccoli, eucalyptus and Streptomyces sp-albos extracts were in a statistical group with control treatment. The lowest seed yield in rice at 3.16 ton/ha was related to elder-berry extract and in barnyard grass at 0.68 and 0.61 ton/ha was related to nettle and elder-berry extract. According to the obtained results,
Nikrooz Bagheri; Maryam Rahimi Jahangirlou; Mehyar Jaberi Aghdam
Abstract
In order to present a new, non-destructive, accurate and fast method for estimating the nitrogen content of corn, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) multispectral sensing technology was used. The experiments were performed based on a randomized complete block design in four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (zero, ...
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In order to present a new, non-destructive, accurate and fast method for estimating the nitrogen content of corn, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) multispectral sensing technology was used. The experiments were performed based on a randomized complete block design in four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (zero, 50, 100 and 150%) in Varamin city in the year of 2018. Sampling was carried out in two stages of fertilization (8-leaf Stage and Tasseling Stage). Multispectral aerial imaging and ground sampling were performed one week after each fertilizer application. After processing aerial imagery, vegetation indices were calculated and their correlation with the results of ground sampling was determined. Based on the results obtained from the correlation coefficients (r) and best subsets regression, among the spectral vegetation indices, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Nitrogen Reflectance Index (NIR), and Modified Triangular Vegetation Index2 (MTVI2) indices in both eight leaf collar (V8) and tasseling (VT) of maize growth stage was identified as the best indicator for estimating the nitrogen content of forage maize. At VT, a positive and significant relationship was obtained between NDVI (R2 = 0.86, P≤0.001), NRI (R2 = 0.70, P≤0.001) and MTVI2 (R2 = 0.46, P≤0.01) indices with maize nitrogen content. It can be concluded that UAV multispectral imaging provides acceptable accuracy in determining the nitrogen content of maize. This technology can help farmers to determine the appropriate time of fertilization.
Zoleikha Sharifi; ahmad zare; Elham Elahifard; alireza abdali
Abstract
In order to evaluate different levels of wheat straw mulch and herbicide on quantitative, qualitative yield and weeds control of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare MIL.) an experiment was conducted arranged as split-plot based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications at Agricultural Sciences ...
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In order to evaluate different levels of wheat straw mulch and herbicide on quantitative, qualitative yield and weeds control of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare MIL.) an experiment was conducted arranged as split-plot based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications at Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan during 2019-2020 growing season. Treatments included different concentrations of Linuron herbicide (0, 1.5, 3, 4.5 L/ha) as the main plot and different levels of wheat straw mulch (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 tons /ha) as a subplot. The results revealed that the lowest dry weight of broadleaf and grass weeds (73 and 15 g/ m2) of 4.5 L/ha herbicide and 9 and 12 tons’/ha mulch was obtained. The highest grain yield was observed (80 g/m2) in 3L/ha of herbicide application and wheat straw mulch 9 ton/ha, and the lowest (18 g/m2) in treatment non-application of mulch and herbicide. The highest essential oil yield of fennel (2.82 g/m2) was obtained in treatment herbicide application (3 L/ha) and straw mulch (9 ton/ha), while in treatment non-application of mulch and herbicide was 0.48 g/m2. Therefore, in integrated weed management, the use of wheat straw mulch could be considered in reduction of weeds competition and achieving sustainable agriculture in medicinal plants.
Nader Khadem Moghadam Igdelou; Ahmad Golchin; Khadije Farhadi
Abstract
In order to study the effect of Cobalt, Molybdenum, and Nitrogen on the growth of Phaseolus vulgaris in soilless culture, a pot experiment was conducted in 2015-16 and in July, at 25˚C and light intensity of 40,000 lux as a factorial based on a CRD with 36 treatments and three replications in the greenhouse ...
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In order to study the effect of Cobalt, Molybdenum, and Nitrogen on the growth of Phaseolus vulgaris in soilless culture, a pot experiment was conducted in 2015-16 and in July, at 25˚C and light intensity of 40,000 lux as a factorial based on a CRD with 36 treatments and three replications in the greenhouse of Zanjan University. The test factors consisted of four levels of Nitrogen (50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/l), three levels of Molybdenum (0.067, 0.2, and 0.6 mg/l) and, three levels of Cobalt (0.006, 0.06, and 0.3 mg/l). Factor levels were prepared by adding ammonium nitrate, ammonium molybdate, and cobalt chloride to a stock solution. Results of morphological traits showed that the highest pod dry weight was obtained in N100Mo0.6Co0.06 treatment which had a maximum difference of 47.9% with other treatments. The highest dry weight of shoots was obtained from N150Mo0.6Co0.006 treatment and the highest root dry weight was obtained from N150Mo0.6 and N150Co0.3 treatments. Also, the highest number of pods was obtained in N150Mo0.6, N100Co0.3 and Mo0.6Co0.3 treatments with values of 235.2, 266.4, and 220.8 g/pot, respectively. Investigation of physiological traits showed that the highest concentrations of Nitrogen, Molybdenum, and Cobalt were obtained from N200Mo0.6Co0.3, N150Mo0.6Co0.3, and N150Mo0.067Co0.006 treatments, respectively. Overall, it can be stated that the application of N100Mo0.6Co0.06 treatment can positively affect the dry weight of pods, which are economically productive and improve the performance of P. vulgaris (Talash cultivar).
majid moslemi; hamidreza mobasser; nematollah sedaghat; eiman eshghi
Abstract
Optimizing the rate of nitrogen fertilizer application is one of the important management strategies for yield improvement. In order to investigate the effects of nitrogen levels & stress during two years on morphological characteristics & agronomic traits of rice, an experiment was conducted ...
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Optimizing the rate of nitrogen fertilizer application is one of the important management strategies for yield improvement. In order to investigate the effects of nitrogen levels & stress during two years on morphological characteristics & agronomic traits of rice, an experiment was conducted in the form of split plots in a randomized complete block design with four replications in 2009 & 2010 in a research farm located in Amol. Nitrogen levels at three levels (46, 69, 92 kg N / ha from urea source) as the main factor & sub-factor including four levels of stress or lack of nitrogen consumption (T1 = stress at full clustering stage, T2 = stress at stage the emergence of the initial cluster was T3 = stress at tillering stage and T4 = stress at transplanting stage). The results showed that number of full panicles per panicle, 1000-seed weight, Grain yield and harvest index in 2009 it was more than in 2010. Grain yield in the first year (450.25 g / m2) was higher than the second year (395.1 g / m2). Maximum harvest index was obtained in 2009 with nitrogen stress at full clustering stage. Therefore, the application of 69 kg of nitrogen in installments per hectare can be suggested to produce the highest grain yield.
Abdollah fariSa; Ali Nakhzari Moghaddam; ali Rahemi karizaki; Mohammad Salahi Farahi
Abstract
In order to study the effect of nitrogen splitting and supplemental irrigation on yield, yield components and oil percentage of sunflower a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design on farm research of Gonbad University with three replications in crop year of 2019. ...
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In order to study the effect of nitrogen splitting and supplemental irrigation on yield, yield components and oil percentage of sunflower a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design on farm research of Gonbad University with three replications in crop year of 2019. Treatments of experiment was included nitrogen splitting (none consumption of nitrogen ((as control)), 25% of nitrogen at planting time and 75% before flowering, 50% of nitrogen at planting time and 50% before flowering and 75% of nitrogen at planting and 25% before flowering and supplemental irrigation (none irrigation ((as control)), supplementary irrigation at flowering stage, supplemental irrigation at grain filling stage, supplemental irrigation at flowering stage and grain filling stages) in four levels. The results showed that consumption of 25% nitrogen at planting time and 75% before flowering had the highest increase in number of grains per row, number of grains per head, one thousand-grain weight, grain yield (4318 kg.ha-1) and harvest index. Consumption of 75% nitrogen at planting time and 25% before flowering increased number of rows per capitul. None consumption of nitrogen increased oil percent but oil yield decreased. Irrigation at flowering and grain filling stages increased number of grain per capitol, grain weight and grain yield (4427 kg.ha-1). According to the results, irrigation at flowering and grain filling stages and also application of 25% nitrogen at planting time and 75% before flowering is suitable for achievement of optimum yield of sunflower.
ali ashori; Manoochehr Gholipoor; Ahmad Gholami; Hamid Abbasdokht
Abstract
Evaluation of some morphological and physiological characteristics of cumin by using of magnetic water and superabsorbent under low irrigation regime
In order to investigate magnetic and superabsorbent water on some morphophysiological traits and yield of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) under low irrigation ...
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Evaluation of some morphological and physiological characteristics of cumin by using of magnetic water and superabsorbent under low irrigation regime
In order to investigate magnetic and superabsorbent water on some morphophysiological traits and yield of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) under low irrigation regime, an experiment was conducted in research farms under the supervision of Shahroud University of Technology Faculty of Agriculture in Rahnjan and German districts of Shahroud city. It was done in a randomized complete block design with three replications.Irrigation water (normal and magnetic) and location (Rahanjan, German) was considered as the main factor and superabsorbent treatment (0, 100 and 200 kg / ha) was considered as a secondary factor.In all treatments, irrigation was applied based on 50% of plant water requirement. The results showed that location, type of irrigation and different concentrations of superabsorbent had a significant effect on the growth and physiological characteristics of cumin.The highest plant height, fresh and dry weight of the plant was observed in Rahanjan area using a superabsorbent concentration of 100 kg / ha. Due to climatic conditions and higher annual average temperature and treatment of 100 and 200 kg per hectare of superabsorbent and work on magnetic water, the highest amount of plant height, percentage of essential oil and protein, and soluble carbohydrates were observed. According to the results, most of the traits in Rahanjan region had higher values than German region. And plant cultivation in Rahnjan region is economic.
Ali Mansouri; Heshmat Omidi; Amir Bostani
Abstract
In order to investigate the possibility of reducing the growth period and increasing the grain yield of different quinoa genotypes, in 2018, a factorial split plot experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the research farm of Shahed University. The main ...
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In order to investigate the possibility of reducing the growth period and increasing the grain yield of different quinoa genotypes, in 2018, a factorial split plot experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the research farm of Shahed University. The main factor includes three different genotypes of quinoa (Titicaca, Giza 1 and Sajama) and the secondary factors include three models of planting methods (Transplanting, seed Priming with 1000 ppm Boric acid solution and direct sowing) and boron foliar application at two levels ( Control and foliar application with 1000 ppm Boric acid solution). The results showed that the effect of genotype was significant on all studied traits. The highest plant height (123.38 cm) and grain yield (2860.228 kg / ha) were obtained in Giza 1 genotype. Also, the shortest period of growth and flowering was related to Titicaca genotype and the longest period was related to Sajama genotype. The effect of planting method on quinoa growth and yield traits was significant and transplanting was more effective than other methods. This method increased the plant height by 48.15% and grain yield by 176.69% and reduced the flowering (34.35%) and ripening period (37.97%). The priming was also able to improve the studied traits compared to the control treatment. Of course, its effectiveness was not as high as transplanting. The effect of boron foliar application on grain yield was significant and increased this trait by 16.7%.