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0 اثر کشت مخلوط ارقام تریتیکاله بر برخی خصوصیات مورفولوژیک، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد Effects of intercropping of triticale cultivars on some morphological, yield, and yield component traits https://jci.ut.ac.ir/article_77163.html 10.22059/jci.2020.289749.2274 0 به‌منظور بررسی اثر کشت مخلوط بر ویژگی‌های مورفولوژیک، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ارقام مختلف تریتیکاله، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک­های­ کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در سال زراعی 98-1397 در مزارع تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی سرایان به انجام رسید. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل 12 الگوی کشت خالص و کشت مخلوط از سه رقم پاژ، سناباد و ژوالینو (کشت خالص پاژ، کشت خالص سناباد، کشت خالص ژوالینو، 50% پاژ+ 50% سناباد، 50% ژوالینو+ 50% سناباد، ترکیب 33% ارقام، 70% پاژ+ 30% سناباد، 30% پاژ+ 70% سناباد، 70% ژوالینو+ 30% سناباد، 30% ژوالینو+ 70% سناباد، 70% پاژ+ 30% ژوالینو و 30% پاژ+ 70% ژوالینو) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که بیش‌ترین ارتفاع بوته و عملکرد کاه تحت کشت خالص رقم سناباد به‌دست آمد و بیش‌ترین مقادیر طول سنبله، تعداد دانه در سنبله، تعداد سنبله در مترمربع، تعداد دانه در بوته، وزن 1000 دانه، عملکرد دانه و شاخص برداشت در کشت خالص رقم پاژ و کشت مخلوط 70% پاژ+ 30% ژوالینو حاصل شدند. علاوه بر این، بیش‌ترین عملکرد بیولوژیک و محتوای کلروفیل برگ به ترتیب تحت کاربرد تیمارهای کشت مخلوط پاژ 30%+ سناباد 70% و پاژ 70%+ ژوالینو 30% به ثبت رسیدند. در برآورد نسبت برابری زمین نیز مشاهده شد که تیمارهای کشت مخلوط پاژ 70%+ سناباد 30%، پاژ 30%+ سناباد 70% و پاژ 70%+ سناباد 30% دارای LER بالاتری (در هر سه تیمار 9/1LER=) نسبت به سایر تیمارها بودند. به‌طورکلی، با توجه به نتایج به‌دست‌آمده از پژوهش حاضر و بیش‌تربودن نسبت برابری زمین در کشت مخلوط پاژ 70%+ ژوالینو 30% نتیجه­گیری می­شود که کشت مخلوط مذکور می­تواند جایگزین کشت خالص تریتیکاله گردد. 1 In order to evaluate the effects of intercropping on some morphological, yield, and yield components traits of different Triticale cultivars, an experiment has been conducted, based on a randomized complete block design in three replication during the 2018-2019 growing season in the research farms of Faculty of Agriculture of Sarayan. The experimental treatments are consisted of 12 patterns of monocrop and intercropping of Pajh, Sanabad, and Jualinoo cultivars (100% Pajh, 100% Jualinoo, 100% Sanabad, 50% Pajh + 50% Sanabad, 50% Jualinoo+50% Jualinoo, 33% Pajh+ 33% Jualinoo+33% sanabad, 70% Pajh + 30% Sanabad, 30% Pajh + 70% Sanabad, 70% Jualinoo+30% Sanabad, 30% Jualinoo+70% Sanabad, 70% Pajh + 30% Jualinoo,  and 30% Pajh + 70% Jualinoo). Results show that the highest plant height and straw yield have been obtained under the monocropping of Sanabad cultivar with the highest values of spike length, number of grain per spike, number of spike per square meter, number of grain per plant, 1000 grains weight, grain yield, and harvest index belonging to the monocrop pattern of Pajh cultivar and intercropping of 70% Pajh+ 30% Jualinoo treatments. Furthermore, the highest biological yield and content of leaf chlorophyll have been achieved under 30% Pajh + Sanabad 70% and Pajh 70% + Jualinoo 30% treatments, respectively. Results also show that the highest LER has been calculated under the application of intercropping of 70% Pajh + 30% Sanabad, Pajh 30% + 70% Sanabad, and Pajh 70% + Jualinoo 30%, compared with other treatments. In general, concerning the obtained results of the present study and the highest LER in Pajh 70% + Jualinoo 30%, it is concluded that the aforementioned intercropping can be used instead of monocrop of different triticale cultivars. 499 512 سید حمیدرضا رمضانی Seyed Hamidreza Ramazani استادیار، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، آموزشکده کشاورزی سرایان، دانشگاه بیرجند، سرایان، ایران. Iran hrramazani@birjand.ac.ir Cereals correlation coefficient Intra-species competition LER Monocropping Afsharmanesh, Gh. R. (2012). Effect of maize and potato intercropping on yield and yield components in early spring planting in Jiroft region. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences, 14(4), 333-345. (In Persian)##Afzaliharsini, S., Taghizadeh, S., Behpoori, A., & Faramarzi, F. (2018). 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0 تاثیر کودهای زیستی و پوترسین بر بیوماس، گره‌زایی و برخی صفات مورفولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی ماشک گل خوشه‌ای تحت شرایط دیم Effect of Biofertilizers and Putrescine on Biomass, Nodulation and Some Morphological and Biochemical Traits of Vicia villosa under Rainfed Condition https://jci.ut.ac.ir/article_77171.html 10.22059/jci.2020.294125.2316 0 به­منظور بررسی تأثیر کودهای زیستی و پوترسین بر بیوماس، گره­زایی و برخی صفات مورفولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی ماشک گل خوشه‌ای تحت شرایط دیم، آزمایشی در سال 1398 به­صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی اجرا شد. فاکتورهای موردبررسی شامل کودهای زیستی (عدم کاربرد کودهای زیستی به­عنوان شاهد، کاربرد ریزوبیوم (Rhizobium legominuzarum)، کاربرد میکوریز (Glomus mosseae)، کاربرد توأم میکوریز با ریزوبیوم، ریزوبیوم و ازتوباکتر (Azotobacter chrocoocom strain 5)، میکوریز و ازتوباکتر، ریزوبیوم با ازتوباکتر و میکوریز] و محلول­پاشی پوترسین در سه سطح (محلول­پاشی با آب به­عنوان شاهد و محلول­پاشی 5/0 و 1 میلی­مولار پوترسین) بودند. نتایج نشان داد کاربرد توأم ازتوباکتر با میکوریز و ریزوبیوم و محلول­پاشی یک میلی­مولار پوترسین وزن ریشه، سهم برگ از بیوماس کل، قندهای محلول برگ و ساقه و بیوماس کل را به­ترتیب 33/133، 5/4، 94/31، 82/41 و 94/56 درصد نسبت به عدم کاربرد کودهای زیستی و عدم محلول­پاشی با پوترسین افزایش داد. هم‌چنین کاربرد توأم ازتوباکتر با میکوریز و ریزوبیوم و محلول­پاشی یک میلی­مولار پوترسین هدایت الکتریکی و میزان مالون­دی­آلدئید را به­ترتیب 99 و 39/125 درصد در مقایسه با عدم کاربرد کودهای زیستی و عدم محلول­پاشی با پوترسین کاهش داد. به­نظر می­رسد کاربرد کودهای زیستی و محلول­پاشی پوترسین می‌تواند بیوماس کل ماشک گل­خوشه‌ای تحت شرایط دیم را به‌واسطه بهبود صفات بیوشیمیایی و مورفولوژیکی افزایش دهد. 1 In order to study the effect of bio-fertilizers and putrescine on biomass, nodulation, and some morphological and biochemical traits of vetch(vicia villosa)under rainfed conditions, a factorial experiment has been conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in research farm of University of Mohaghegh Ardabili within 2018-2019. The studied factors include bio-fertilizers(withoutbio-fertilizersas control, application of Rhizobium  (Rhizobium legominuzarum), Mycorrhiza (Glomus mosseae), both application of Mycorrhiza and Rhizobium, Rhizobium and Azotobacter (Azotobacter chrocoocom strain 5), Mycorrhiza and Azotobacter, Rhizobium with Mycorrhiza,and Azotobacter) as well as foliar application of putrescine in three levels (foliar application with water as the control, application of 0.5 and 1 mM putrescine). Results show that both application of Azotobacter with Mycorrhiza and Rhizobium and foliar application of 1 mM putrescine increase root weight, leaf share from total biomass, soluble sugars of leaf and stem, and total biomass by 133.33%, 4.5%, 31.94%, 41.82%, and 56.94%, respectively, in comparison with no application of bio-fertilizers and putrescine. Also, application of Azotobacter with Mycorrhiza and Rhizobium and foliar application of 1 mM putrescine decrease electrical conductivity and malondialdehyde by 99% and 125.39%, respectively, in comparison with no application of bio-fertilizers and putrescine. It seems that application of bio-fertilizers and foliar application of putrescine can boost total biomass of vica villosa under rainfed condition as it improves both biochemical and morphological traits. 513 529 رئوف سید شریفی Raouf Seyed sharif استاد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران. Iran raouf_ssharifi@yahoo.com رضا سید شریفی reza seyed sharifi دانشیار، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران. Iran reza_seyedsharifi@yahoo.com حامد نریمانی hamed narimani 3. دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران. 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0 پارامتریابی و ارزیابی مدل SSM_iCrop برای پیش بینی رشد و نمو باقلا در شرایط آب و هوایی گرگان Parameterization and Evaluation of SSM_iCrop Model for Prediction of Growth and Development of Faba Bean in Climatic Conditions of Gorgan https://jci.ut.ac.ir/article_77162.html 10.22059/jci.2020.273742.2148 0 پژوهش حاضر به‌منظور تخمین پارامترهای مدل SSM_iCrop و ارزیابی کارایی آن در پیش‌بینی رشدونمو گیاه باقلا در شرایط آب‌وهوایی گرگان انجام شد. این پژوهش روی گیاه باقلا "رقم برکت" به‌صورت اسپلت پلات در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در چهار تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان در سال زراعی 95-1394 انجام شد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل تاریخ کاشت (6 آذرماه، 4 دی‌ماه و 11 بهمن‌ماه) و تراکم بوته (5، 15، 25 و 35 بوته در مترمربع) بودند. پارامترهای مربوط به مراحل فنولوژی، گسترش و پیرشدن سطح برگ، تولید و توزیع ماده خشک و موازنه آب با استفاده از داده­های آزمایش حاضر و دیگران تخمین زده شدند. نتایج ارزیابی مدل نشان داد مدل به‌خوبی می‌تواند روز تا گلدهی (8/3RMSE =  و 1/4CV=)، روز تا رسیدگی (9/11RMSE =  و 1/8CV = )، تعداد گره روی ساقه اصلی (7/1RMSE =  و 0/10CV = )، شاخص سطح برگ (8/0RMSE =  و 8/28CV =)، عملکرد بیولوژیک (5/158RMSE =  و 6/21CV = ) و عملکرد دانه (6/118RMSE =  و 7/24CV = ) را پیش­بینی کند. بنابراین می‌توان از مدل SSM_iCrop برای بررسی وضعیت مدیریت زراعی و تجزیه و تحلیل رشد و عملکرد باقلا در شرایط گرگان استفاده کرد. 1 The present study was conducted to parameterize the SSM_iCrop model and evaluate the prediction of growth and development of faba bean in Gorgan climate condition. This study was carried out on faba bean cv."Barkat" as split-plot in randomized complete block design with four replications at Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources in 2015-2016. The experimental factors consisted of planting date (27 November, 25 December and 31 January) and plant density (5, 15, 25 and 35 plants/m2). The parameters of phonological stages, leaf expansion and senescence, production and distribution of dry matter and water balance were estimated using the present data experiment and other data. The results of model evaluation showed that, it can well predict, days to flowering (RMSE = 3.8 and CV =4.1), days to maturity (RMSE = 11.9 and CV= 8.1), node number on main stem (RMSE = 1.7 and CV = 10.0), leaf area index (RMSE =0.8 CV =28.8), biological yield (RMSE = 158.5 and CV =21.6) and seed yield (RMSE = 118.6 and CV = 24.7). 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Field Crops Research, 124(2), 252-260. DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2011.06.021##Soltani, A., & Sinclair, T. R. (2015). A comparison of four wheat models with respect to robustness and transparency: simulation in a temperate, sub-humid environment. Field Crops Research, 175, 37-46. DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2014.10.019##Soltani, A., Hammer, G.L., Torabi, B., Robertson, M.J., & Zeinali, E. (2006a). Modeling chickpea growth and development: phonological development. Field Crops Research, 99, 1-13. DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2006.02.004##Soltani, A., Khooie, F.R., Ghassemi-Golezani, K., & Moghaddam, M. (2000). Thresholds for chickpea leaf expansion and transpiration response to soil water deficit. Field Crops Research, 68, 205-210. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-4290(00)00122-2##Soltani, A., Khooie, F.R., Ghassemi-Golezani, K., & Moghaddam, M. (2001). A simulation study of chickpea crop response to limited irrigation in a semiarid environment. Agricultural Water Management, 49, 225-237. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-3774(00)00143-8##Soltani, A., Maddah, V., & Sinclair, T.R. (2013). SSM-Wheat: a simulation model for wheat development, growth and yield. International Journal of Plant Production, 7(4), 711-740. DOI: 10.22069/IJPP.2013.1266##Soltani, A., Robertson, M.J. Torabi, B., Yousefi-Daz, M., & Sarparast, R. (2006b). Modeling seedling emergence in chickpea as influenced by temperature and sowing depth. Agriculture and Forest Meteorology, 138, 156-167. DOI: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2006.04.004##Spitters, C.J.T., & Schapendonk, A.H.C.M. (1990). Evaluation of breeding strategies for drought tolerance in potato by means of crop growth simulation. Plant and Soil, 123, 193-203. DOI: 10.1007/BF00011268##Stockle, C.O., Donatelli, M., & Nelson, R.L. (2003). CropSyst, a cropping systems simulation model. European Journal of Agronomy, 18, 289-307. DOI: 10.1016/s1161-0301(02)00109-0##Torabi, B., & Soltani, A. (2013a). A simple model for simulating corn S.C. 704 yield. 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0 ارزیابی شیوه‌های کاشت و کاربرد علف‌کش‌های خاک مصرف بر مهار علف‌های هرز و عملکرد کنجد Evaluating sowing method and soil applied herbicides on weed control and yield of sesame https://jci.ut.ac.ir/article_77215.html 10.22059/jci.2020.295527.2333 0 با توجه به قدرت رقابتی کم کنجد در مقابل علف‌های هرز، حضور علف‌های هرز به‌شدت سبب کاهش عملکرد کنجد می‌شود، لذا مهار علف‌های هرز در این محصول اهمیت زیادی دارد. با این هدف، آزمایشی به‌صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در تابستان سال 1396 در شهرستان رامهرمز، استان خوزستان انجام شد. کرت اصلی، شیوه کشت (کرتی، کف جوی و روی پشته) و کرت‌های فرعی، کاربرد علف‌کش‌ (اکسیفلورفن (360 میلی‌لیتر ماده مؤثر در هکتار)، دایوران (540 گرم ماده مؤثر در هکتار)، تریفلورالین (1200 میلی‌لیتر ماده مؤثر در هکتار)، و لینوران (5/562 میلی‌لیتر ماده مؤثر در هکتار)) بود. هم‌چنین، آزمایش، دارای تیمارهای شاهد با علف‌هرز و وجین دستی به‌ منظور مقایسه بود. نتایج نشان داد بیش‌ترین درصد کاهش وزن خشک علف‌های هرز تحله (Corchorus olitorius L.) و پیچک مزرعه‌ (Convolvulus arvensis L.) به‌ترتیب در تیمارهای تریفلورالین در کشت کف جوی (09/83 درصد) در 75 روز پس از سم‌پاشی و تیمار اکسی فلورفن (30/83 درصد) در 30 روز پس از سم‌پاشی مشاهده شد. بیش‌ترین میزان عملکرد بیولوژیک و عملکرد دانه در تیمار وجین دستی در کشت کف جوی (به‌ترتیب 7/10142 و 37/1930 کیلوگرم در هکتار) وجود داشت. هم‌چنین، میزان عملکرد دانه (2/1878 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در تیمار کشت کف جوی با کاربرد تریفلورالین نیز بیش‌تر از سایر علف‌کش‌ها در شرایط مشابه بود. بیش‌ترین درصد روغن از تیمار وجین دستی در کشت کف جوی (36/52 درصد) و بیش‌ترین شاخص برداشت در شیوه کشت کف جوی (23/18 درصد) به‌دست آمد. به‌طورکلی، بهترین روش تلفیقی مهار علف‌های هرز و بهبود عملکرد کنجد، شیوه کشت در کف جوی به‌‌همراه وجین دستی علف‌های هرز و یا استفاده از علف‌کش تریفلورالین بود. 1 Due to the low competitive ability of sesame against weeds, the presence of weeds greatly reduces sesame yield, therefore, weed control is very important in this crop. An experiment was carried out as split plots based on randomized complete block design with three replications in July 2017 in Ramhormoz, Khuzestan, Iran. In this experiment, treatments including sowing method as the main plot at three levels (flat, sowing on ridge and in farrow) and herbicide application as the sub plot including oxyfluorfen (360 ml ai ha-1), diuron (540 g ai ha-1), trifluralin (1200 ml ai ha-1), and linuron (562.5 ml ai ha-1). Hand weeding and weed infested treatments, also, were considered for comparison. Results indicated that the highest dry weight reduction percentage of nulta jute (Corchorus olitorius L.) was observed in trifluralin application in farrow (83.09%) at 75 days after herbicide application and field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) in oxyflurfen application (83.30%) at 30 days after treatment. The highest of biological and seed yield was observed in hand weeding in farrow (10142.7 and 1930.37 Kg ha-1, respectively). Application of trifluralin in farrow, also, was effective treatment according seed yield (1878.2 Kg ha-1). The highest oil percentage (52.36%) was obtained in hand weeding in farrow. The highest harvest index (18.23%) was observed in farrow. Totally, the best integrated method to control weeds and improve sesame yield, was sowing in farrow along with hand weeding, or the application of trifluralin. 543 556 حسین اکبیا Hossein Akbia دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی‌ارشد، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران. Iran amirhossein.akbia@gmail.com الهام الهی فرد Elham Elahifard استادیار، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران. Iran e.elahifard@gmail.com عبدالرضا سیاهپوش Abdolreza Siahpoosh استادیار، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران. Iran siahpooshabdolreza@gmail.com احمد زارع Ahmad Zare گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، باوی، ملاثانی، خوزستان، ایران. Iran zareh.ahmad@yahoo.com Hand weeding harvest index oil percentage weed density reduction weed dry weight reduction Ahmad Nejad, A. (2011). Influence of irrigation regimens and mycorrhizal fungi on yield and yield components of sesame. M. Sc. Thesis. Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran, 98p. (In Persian)##Badkul, A.J., Namrata, J., & Vinamrata, J. (2016). Effect of weed control on productivity of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Bhartiya Krishi Anusandhan Patrika, 31(4), 258-260.##Barmak, H. (2015). Evaluation the efficacy of some herbicides in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) weeds control. M. Sc. Thesis. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Faculty of Agriculture. 99p. (In Persian)##Beltrao, N.E. de M., Vieria, D.J., Noberga, L.B.da., & Santos, J.W. dos. (1991). Effects of fertilizers, cultivar and weed control methods in sesame. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira, 26(5), 605-611.##Caliskan, S., Arslan, M., Arioglu, H., & Isler, N. (2004). Effect of planting method and plant population on growth and yield of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) in a Mediterranean type of environment. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 3(5), 610-613. DOI: 10.3923/ajps.2004.610.613##Ekhlaspour, M., Rahimi, A., Maddah Hoseini, S., & Taj Abadipour, A. (2019). Physiological parameters of sesame plant under the influence of salinity stress and increase of carbon dioxide concentration. Journal of Plant Production Research, 26(2), 115-126. (In Persian) DOI: 10.22069/jopp.2019.14731.2319##Elahifard, E., & Kamaei, A. (2017). Integrated cultural and chemical methods to control nulta jute (Corchorus olitorius L.) in sesame. Iranian Weed Science Congress. 27-29 August 2017. Gorgan, Iran.##Foroughi, A., Gherekhloo, J., & Ghaderifar, F. (2013). Row spacing and common cocklebur interference effect on grain yield and its components of two sesame cultivars in Gorgan. Electronic Journal of Crop Production, 6(2), 101-116. (In Persian)##Grichar, W.J., Sestak, D.C., Brewer, K.D., Besler, B.A., Stichler, C.R., & Smith, D.T. (2001). Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) tolerance and weed control with soil-applied herbicides. Crop Production, 20(5), 389-394. DOI: 10.1016/S0261-2194(00)00147-2##Grichar, W.J., & Dotray, P.A. (2007). Weed control and sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) response to preplant incorporated herbicides and method of incorporation. Crop Protection, 26, 1826-1830. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2007.03.017##Grichar, W.J., Dotray, P.A., & Langham, D.R. (2011). Weed control and use of herbicides in sesame production. 41-72. Larramendy, M. Herbicides, Theory and Applications. Tech Publisher. DOI: 10.5772/12945##Grichar, W.J., Dotray, P.A., & Langham, D.R. (2012). Sesame growth and yield as influenced by preemergence herbicides. International Journal of Agronomy. 2012(5), 1-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/809587##Gupta, S., & Kushwah, S.S. (2016). Post-emergence herbicides for weed control in sesame. Indian Journal of Weed Science, 48(1), 97-98. DOI: 10.5958/0974-8164.2016.00025.3##Hosseini, Z., & Taromi, K. (2006). Common Methods in Food Analysis. Shiraz University Press. 210p.##Kannan, K., & Wahab, K. (1995). Economics of nitrogen and weed management in sesame. Madras Agric Journal, 82(2), 154-155.##Khajepour, M.R. (2012). Industrial Crops. Isfahan University of Technology Press. 564p.##Khazaie, M., & Taab, A.R. (2019) Studying the possiblity of using undersown Persian clover in oilseed rape for weed control. Journal of Crops Improvement (Journal of Agriculture), 21(4), 337-351. (In Persian) DOI: 10.22059/jci.2019.278305.2198##Koocheki, A.R., Nassiri Mahallati, M., Nourbakhsh, F. and Nehbandani, A. (2017). The effect of planting pattern and density on yield and yield components of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 15(1), 31-45. (In Persian) DOI:https://doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v15i1.33089##Langham, D.R., Grichar, J., & Dotray, P. (2007). Review of herbicide research on sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Available at: https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/47034812/review-of-herbicide-research-on-sesame-sesamum- Accessed 15 March 2017.##Maliwal, P., & Rathore, S. (1994). Weed management in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)+sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) intercropping system. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 64(6), 394-396.##Mamnoie, E., Shimi, P., & Baghestani, M.A. (2012). Evaluation of various herbicide efficiency in weed control of sesame (Sesamum indica) in Jiroft and Kahnuj. Iranian Journal of Weed Science, 8(1), 1-12. (In Persian)##Martin, C. (1996). Weed control in sesame. Final report. Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries, Darwin, Australia. 24 pp.##Musavi M.R. (2013). Herbicides, Knowledge and Application. Marz-e Danesh Publishing House. 284p. (In Persian)##Narkhede, T.N., Wadile, S.C., Attarde, D.R., & Suryawanshi, R.T. (2000). Integrated weed management in sesame under rainfed condition. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, 34(4), 247-250.##Peterson, D.E., & Nalewaja, J.D. (1992). Environment influences green foxtail (Setaria viridis L.) composition with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Weed Technology, 6(3), 607-610. DOI:10.1017/s0890037x00035880##Punia, S.S., Raj, M., Yadav, A., &Malik, R.K. (2001). Bioefficacy of dinitroaniline herbicides against weeds in sesame (Sasamum indicum L.). Indian Journal of Weed Science, 33(3&4), 143-146.##Rahman, J., Islam Riad, M., Sultana Shikha, F., Sultana, R., & Akter, N. (2017). Weed control methods in sesame. International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research, 11(5), 1-6.##Senseman, S.A. (2007). Herbicide Handbook. Weed Science Society of America. Lawrence, USA. P. 458.##Svathi, A., Rammohan, J., Nadanassababady, T., & Chellamuthu, V. (2005). Influence of sowing methods and weed management on sesame (Sasamum indicum) yield under irrigated condition. Journal of Crop and Weed, 2(1), 4-7.##Zand E., Baghestani M.A., Nezam Abadi N., Shimi P., & Mousavi S.K. (2017). A Guide to Chemical Control of Weeds in Iran. Jahade-e-Daneshghahi Mashhad Press. 224p. (in Persian)##Zarghani, H. (2010). Critical period of weed control in sesame (Sasamum indicum). M. Sc. Thesis. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Faculty of Agriculture. 114 p. (In Persian)##Zeid Ali, E., Ghorbani, R., Khochaki, A., Azadbakht, N., Jahanbakhsh, V., & Aghel, H. (2010). Evaluation of possibility of biological control of field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) by plant antagonistic fungi. Plant Protection Journal, 24(1), 8-15. (In Persian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.22067/jpp.v1389i24.3841##

0 ارزیابی کارایی باکتری‎های محرک رشد گیاه در کاهش مصرف کود شیمیایی فسفر در گندم Evaluation of the efficiency of plant growth promoting bacteria in reducing phosphate fertilizer application in wheat https://jci.ut.ac.ir/article_77216.html 10.22059/jci.2020.293009.2301 0 در این پژوهش پتانسیل جدایه‏های فراریشه‏ای و درون‏رست جداشده از ریشه گیاه گندم به‌منظور بررسی خصوصیات محرک رشد و اثر آن‌ها بر عملکرد گندم و کاهش مصرف کودهای شیمیایی فسفر مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. ابتدا باکتری‎ها از نظر تولید هورمون ایندول استیک اسید در محیط کشت حاوی ال-تریپتوفان غربال‎گری شدند و سپس توانایی آن‏ها در انحلال فسفات‌های نامحلول معدنی و آلی ارزیابی شد. در ادامه مطالعات آزمایشگاهی، آزمایش مزرعه‌ای به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی و در سه تکرار در طی دو سال‎ زراعی 1396-1395 و 1397-1396 اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل تیمار کود زیستی وشیمیایی فسفر بود که تیمار کود زیستی در دو سطح (زادمایه باکتری به‌همراه شاهد) و کود شیمیایی به‌عنوان فاکتور دوم از منبع سوپر فسفات تریپل در پنج سطح (1- عدم مصرف کود شیمیایی فسفر، 2- 25 درصد توصیه کودی فسفر، 3- 50 درصد توصیه کودی فسفر، 4- 75 درصد توصیه کودی فسفر، و 5- 100 درصد توصیه کودی فسفر) در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج نشان داد که افزایش شاخص‎های رشد و عملکرد گیاه گندم در نتیجه مایه‌کوبی بذور گندم با سویه‎های محرک رشد گیاه به‌علاوه 75 درصد از کود فسفر از نظر آماری برابر با تیمار 100 درصد کود فسفر و بدون زادمایه باکتری بود. کاربرد زادمایه باکتری‏های محرک رشد (تلفیقی از جدایه فراریشه‎ای و درون‎رست) با 75 درصد کود شیمیایی توانست به میزان 4/747 گرم بر مترمربع تولید را داشته باشد. براساس این نتایج، پیشنهاد می‏شود که زادمایه می‎تواند به‌عنوان مکمل با کودهای شیمیایی به‌منظور کاهش سطح مصرف کودهای شیمیایی استفاده شود اما نمی‎تواند جایگزینی برای کود فسفر باشد. 1 The present study investigates the potential of rhizosphere and endophytic bacterial isolates isolated from the roots of wheat plant in terms of plant growth promoting (PGP) traits and their effect on the wheat yield and decreased phosphorus (P) fertilizer use. To this end, the isolated bacteria have been first screened for the production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in the presence of tryptophan in the culture medium, and then the bacteria have been tested for their ability to dissolve inorganic and organic phosphates. In further laboratory studies, a factorial experiment has been conducted as a randomized complete block design with three replications over two-year field study (2017 and 2018). Experimental treatments include biological and chemical phosphorus fertilizer, the former with two levels (with and without bacterial inoculation) and latter (as the second factor) from triple super phosphate source with five (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the full recommended fertilizer rate). Results from this experiment prove that supplementing 75% of the recommended P-fertilizer rate with bacterial isolates (co-inoculation with rhizospheric and endophytic bacteria) increases wheat growth indices and yield (747.40 g m-2), which are statistically equivalent to the full fertilizer rate without them. Based on these results, it is suggested that biofertilizer can be used as a fertilizer supplement to reduce the level of fertilizer use but cannot be a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. 557 569 حسینعلی علیخانی Hossein Ali Alikhani استاد، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران. Iran halikhan@ut.ac.ir سمیه امامی somayeh emami دانش‎آموخته دکتری، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران. Iran emamisomaye@ut.ac.ir فاطمه علیخانی Fatemeh Alikhani دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران. Iran h.fatemeh.alikhani@gmail.com Phosphate solubilization plant yield rhizospheric and endophytic bacteria Afzal, A., Ashraf, M., Asad, S. A., & Farooq, M. (2005). Effect of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms on phosphorus uptake, yield and yield traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in rainfed area. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 7(2),207-209.##Belimov, A., Dodd, I., Safronova, V., Shaposhnikov, A., Azarova, T., Makarova, N., & Tikhonovich, I. (2015). Rhizobacteria that produce auxins and contain 1‐amino‐cyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid deaminase decrease amino acid concentrations in the rhizosphere and improve growth and yield of well watered and water limited potato (Solanum tuberosum). Annals of Applied Biology, 167(1), 11-25. https://doi.org/10.1111/aab.12203|##Bric, J. M., Bostock, R. M., & Silverstone, S. E. (1991). Rapid in situ assay for indoleacetic acid production by bacteria immobilized on a nitrocellulose membrane. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 57(2), 535-538.   ## Canarini, A., Kaiser, C., Merchant, A., Richter, A., & Wanek, W. (2019). Root exudation of primary metabolites: mechanisms and their roles in plant responses to environmental stimuli. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00157##Chen, Y.P., Rekha, P.D., Arunshen, A.B., Lai, W.A., & Young, C.C. (2006). Phosphate solubilising bacteria from subtropical soil and their tricalcium phosphate solubilising abilities. Applied Soil Ecology, 34, 33-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2005.12.002##Delfim, J., Schoebitz, M., Paulino, L., Hirzel, J., & Zagal, E. (2018). Phosphorus availability in wheat, in volcanic soils inoculated with phosphate-solubilizing Bacillus thuringiensis. Sustainability, 10(1), 144. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010144##Emami, S., Alikhani, H. A., Pourbabaei, A. A., Etesami, H., Motashare Zadeh, B., & Sarmadian, F. (2018). 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0 ارزیابی رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی، فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی اکسیدانی و عملکرد دانه ارقام گلرنگ در شرایط قطع آبیاری Evaluation of photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant enzyme activity and seed yield of safflower cultivars under cutting off irrigation https://jci.ut.ac.ir/article_77258.html 10.22059/jci.2020.294130.2317 0 به‌منظور بررسی اثر قطع آبیاری آخر فصل بر صفات بیوشیمیایی و عملکرد ارقام گلرنگ آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت خردشده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی داراب، دانشگاه شیراز در سال زراعی 97-1396 به‌‌اجرا درآمد. عامل اصلی شامل رژیم آبیاری در سه سطح آبیاری مطلوب و قطع آبیاری از اواسط مرحله گل‌دهی و اوایل پرشدن دانه و عامل فرعی شامل ارقام گلرنگ به نام‌های پدیده، گلدشت، فرامان و محلی اصفهان بود. قطع آبیاری از گلدهی سبب کاهش 37/30 درصدی کلروفیل a و 8/25 درصدی کلروفیل b و افزایش 38/15 درصدی کارتنوئید، 38/23 درصدی فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز و 94/34 درصدی فعالیت آنزیم پراکسیداز شد که در رقم گلدشت بیش‌تر از سایر ارقام بود. در شرایط قطع آبیاری از گل‌دهی و پرشدن دانه بیش‌ترین عملکرد دانه به‌ترتیب به میزان 132 و 5/150 گرم در مترمربع در رقم گلدشت به‌دست آمد. به‌طورکلی، قطع آبیاری از مرحله گل‌دهی و پرشدن دانه به‌ترتیب 3/32 و 93/19 درصد عملکرد دانه را کاهش داد. در شرایط قطع آبیاری عملکرد دانه با محتوای کلروفیل a (**77/0=r)، کلروفیل b (**86/0=r)، کارتنوئید (**74/0=r)، کاتالاز (**71/0=r) و پراکسیداز (**72/0= r)، و شاخص برداشت (**83/0= r)، همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌داری داشت. در مجموع رقم گلدشت گلرنگ توانست با افزایش رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی و فعالیت آنزیمی در شرایط کمبود آب در آخر فصل رشد عملکرد دانه بیش‌تری را نسبت به سایر ارقام به‌دست آورد.                             1 In order to investigate the effect under late season cutting off irrigation on biochemical properties and yield of safflower cultivars a split factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design was conducted in three replicates at College of Agriculture and Natural resources of Darab, Shiraz University during 2017-2018 growing season. The main factor was irrigation regime in three levels included of normal irrigation, cutting off irrigation in the middle of the flowering, and in the early seed filling stages and sub factor was safflower cultivars including Padideh, Goldasht, Faraman and Isfahan local. Cutting off irrigation in flowering stage decreased 30.37% of chlorophyll a and 25.8% of chlorophyll b, and increased 15.38% carotenoid, 23.38% of catalase activity and 34.94 % of peroxidase activity, which in Goldasht cultivar was more than the other cultivars. Under cutting off irrigation at flowering and seed filling, the highest seed yield was obtained in Goldasht cultivar as 132 and 150.5 g/m2, respectively. Overall, cutting of irrigation at flowering and seed filling stages reduced grain yield by 32.3 and 19.93%, respectively. Under cutting off irrigating, seed yield with chlorophyll a content (r=0.77**), chlorophyll b (r=0.86**), carotenoid (r=0.74**), catalase (r=0.71**), peroxidase (r=0.72**), and harvest index (r=0.83**) had positive and significant correlation. In addition, Goldasht cultivar of safflower could by increasing photosynthetic pigments and enzyme activity under water deficit in late season obtained the more seed yield compared to other cultivars. 571 586 سید مجتبی موسوی Seyed Mojtaba Mosavi دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه اگرواکولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع ‌طبیعی داراب، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران. Iran moosavi.sm2000@gmail.com احسان بیژن زاده Ehsan Bijanzadeh دانشیار، گروه اگرواکولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی داراب، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران. Iran bijanzd@shirazu.ac.ir زهرا زینتی Zahra Zinati استادیار، گروه اگرواکولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی داراب، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران. Iran zahra.zinati@hotmail.com وحید براتی Vahid Barati استادیار، گروه اگرواکولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی داراب، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران. Iran vahid.barati.s@gmail.com Carotenoids Catalase chlorophyll content Goldasht cultivar Irrigation regime Aebi, H. (1984). Catalase in vitro. Methods in Enzymology. 105, 121-126.##Agastin, P., Kingsley, S.J., & Vivekanandan, M. (2007). Effect of salinity on photosynthesis and biochemical characteristics in mulberry genotypes. Photosynthetica, 38, 287-290.##Akbarian, A., & Arzani, A. (2015). Effects of drought stress on antioxidant enzymes activity in triticale lines. Journal of Crop Breeding, 7(16), 158-167. (In Persian)##Alizadeh, A. (2006). Irrigation Systems Design.  Emam Reza University Pub. 286 pp.##Amiri, A., Sirousmehr, A.R., Yadollahi, P., Asgharipour, A. R., & Esmaeilzadeh Bahbadi, S. (2016). Effect of drought stress and spraying of salicylic acid and chitosan on photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant enzymes in safflower. 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0 نقش برگ پاشی نانوکودها در تعدیل اثرات منفی تنش شوری در کینوا The roll of foliar application nano-fertilizers in modulating the negative effects of salt stress in quinoa https://jci.ut.ac.ir/article_77044.html 10.22059/jci.2020.293593.2309 0 این آزمایش با هدف بررسی تعدیل اثرات منفی تنش شوری با برگ­پاشی کودهای نانو، به‌صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سه تکرار در سال زراعی 1397 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه ارومیه به‌صورت گلدانی اجرا شد. فاکتور اول تنش شوری با آب دریاچه ارومیه در سه سطح (صفر، 16 و 32 دسی­زیمنس بر متر) و فاکتور دوم نانوکود در پنج سطح (کلسیم، سیلیسیوم، روی، پتاسیم و شاهد (بدون برگ­پاشی) بود. نتایج نشان داد تنش شوری باعث ایجاد آثار منفی بر کلیه صفات مؤثر بر رشد کینوا شد بیش‌ترین میزان کاهش صفات در تنش شوری 32 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر مشاهده شد. به‌طوری‌که تنش شوری 32 و 16 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر در مقایسه با شاهد به‌ترتیب صفات ارتفاع بوته (20 و 17 درصد)، تعداد گل‌آذین (48 و 36)، حجم ریشه (44 و 40 درصد)، طول ریشه اصلی (41 و 23 درصد)، وزن خشک ریشه (68 و 30 درصد)، محتوای نسبی آب برگ (26 و 13 درصد)، شاخص کلروفیل (15 و 7 درصد) و وزن 1000 دانه (31 و 23 درصد) را کاهش داد، ولی باعث افزایش نشت یونی به میزان 14 و شش درصد شد. برگ­پاشی با نانوکودها در مقایسه با شاهد، عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و صفات مورفولوژیک را افزایش داد. بیش‌ترین عملکرد دانه در شرایط مطلوب و تنش شوری شدید (32 دسی­زیمنس بر متر) به‌ترتیب از برگ­پاشی نانوکود روی و سیلیسیوم به­دست آمد. در شرایط تنش شوری شدید، برگ­پاشی با نانوکود سیلیسیوم در مقایسه با عدم برگ‌پاشی، وزن خشک گل‌آذین، وزن خشک کل و عملکرد دانه را به‌ترتیب 35، 16 و 43 درصد افزایش داد و باعث تعدیل اثرات تنش شوری گردید. برگ­پاشی با نانوکودها با افزایش کلروفیل، محتوای نسبی آب برگ و بهبود خصوصیات ریشه، سبب افزایش عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد دانه کینوا گردید. لذا به‌نظر می­رسد جهت بهبود عملکرد گیاه کینوا به­ویژه در شرایط تنش شوری، برگ­پاشی نانوکودها به­ویژه نانو کود سیلیسیوم مناسب باشد. 1 This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of foliar application different nano-fertilizers on modulating negativeeffectsof salt stress on quinoa, in factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications in the research farm of Urmia University in the pot during 2018. The first factor was salinity of irrigation water using (Lake Urmia water at three levels: 0, 16 and 32 dS/m and the second factor was nano-fertilizers at five levels: calcium, silicon, zinc, potassium and control (no foliar application). The results showed that salinity stress caused negative effects on all traits affecting quinoa growth. The highest decrease in traits was observed in salinity stress of 32 dS/m. Salinity stress of 32 and 16 dS/m compared to control decreased plant height (20 and 17%), inflorescence number (48 and 36%), root volume (44 and 40%), main root length (41 and 23%), root dry weight (68 and 30%), relative leaf water content (26 and 13%), chlorophyll index (15 and 7%) and 1000-seed weight (31 and 23%), respectively; but increased ionic leakage by 14 and 6%, respectively. Foliar application with nano-fertilizer compared to control increased the yield, yield components and morphological traits. The highest seed yield was obtained under optimum conditions and severe salinity stress (32 dS/m) by foliar application with nano-fertilizer of zinc and silicon, respectively. Under severe salinity stress, foliar application with nano-fertilizer of silicon compared to non-foliar application increased the dry weight of inflorescences, total dry weight and seed yield by 35%, 16% and 43%, respectively, and moderated the effects of salinity stress. Foliar application with nano-fertilizer via enhancing chlorophyll index, relative leaf water content and improving root characteristics, led to increase yield and seed yield components of quinoa. Therefore, it seems that foliar application of nano-fertilizers is suitable to improve the yield of quinoa especially in salinity stress conditions.  587 600 فائزه حیدری Faezeh Heidari دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران. 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0 پهنه بندی کشت چغندرقند در استان آذربایجان غربی براساس سیستم های کشت و آبیاری در سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی Zoning of sugar beet cultivation in West Azarbaijan province based on cultivation and irrigation systems in GIS https://jci.ut.ac.ir/article_77291.html 10.22059/jci.2020.295344.2330 0 به­منظور ارزیابی و پهنه­بندی مناطق با بهره­وری بالا کشت چغندرقند براساس شاخص­های سیستم­ کشت، نوع کشت و روش‌های آبیاری تحقیقی در قالب طرح آشیانه­ای در استان آذربایجان­غربی در سال زراعی 97-1396 انجام شد. از 11 شهرستان استان و در هر شهرستان بسته به اقلیم از سه روستا و در هر روستا به‌صورت تصادفی از سه زارع پرسشنامه تکمیل و نمونه­برداری لازم انجام شد. با استفاده از سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی پهنه­بندی انجام شد و مناطق با بهره­وری بالا برای صفات عملکرد ریشه، درصد و عملکرد قند، مقدار آب مصرفی، آب صرفه­جویی و کارایی مصرف آب مشخص شد. در بین شهرستان­های استان، شهرستان­های پیرانشهر و نقده به­دلیل بالاترین درصد و عملکرد قند و شهرستان پیرانشهر به­دلیل دارابودن کم‌ترین مقدار مصرف آب در سیستم آبیاری مدرن و کشت 40×60 و پاییزه و هم‌چنین بیش‌ترین کارایی مصرف آب به‌روش مدرن آبیاری و کشت پاییزه و 40×60 به‌عنوان شهرستان­های با بهره­وری بالا معرفی شدند و از طرفی براساس نتایج پهنه­بندی انجام‌شده شهرستان­های پیرانشهر، نقده، خوی، اشنویه، مهاباد، میاندوآب و بوکان به­عنوان مناطق با بهره­وری بالا برای کشت این گیاه و شهرستان­های شوط، سلماس، ارومیه و شاهین­دژ به‌عنوان مناطق با بهره­وری پایین بودند که با توجه به اهمیت آب در تولید چغندرقند، این شهرستان­ها به‌ویژه شهرستان شوط برای تولید این محصول توصیه نمی­شود. 1 For evaluation and zoning of sugar beet susceptible areas based on cultivation systems and irrigation regimes, a research has been conducted as a nested design in West Azarbaijan Province in 2017-2018. For this purpose, 11 counties have been used. In each county, based on the climate three villages have been visited, wherein three famers have been selected in random to complete the prepared questionnaires and take the samples. The measured traits from each field includes root yield, percent and yield of sugar, used water, water conservation, and water use efficiency in different cropping and irrigation systems. Geographic Information System (GIS) has been used for zoning and determining their susceptible areas. Results show that among the counties of the province, Piranshahr and Naghadeh have had the highest sugar content and yield with Piranshahr being introduced as the most susceptible counties, due to its lowest used water in modern irrigation and cultivation systems (60×40 and autumn) and highest water use efficiency in modern irrigation system and and 60 × 40 autumn cultivation systems. Based on the zoning, Piranshahr, Naghadeh, Khoy, Oshnaviyeh, Mahabad, Miandoab, and Bukan have had the most susceptible areas and Showt, Salmas, Urmia, and Shahindej have been unsuitable areas in this province for cultivation of this plant. Given the importance of water in sugar beet production, these counties, especially Showt, are not recommended for producing this plant. 601 615 یعقوب حبیب زاده yaghoob habibzadeh محقق بخش نهال و بذر، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان غربی، ارومیه، ایران. Iran yahabibzadeh@yahoo.com سکینه عبدی Sakineh Abdi استادیار، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اهر، دانشگاه تبریز، اهر، ایران. Iran sakineh_abdi58@yahoo.com رؤیا عابدی roya abedi استادیار، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اهر، دانشگاه تبریز، اهر، ایران. Iran royaabedi@tabrizu.ac.ir Autumn cultivation of sugar beet Booliean Irrigation Percent of sugar Water use efficiency Abbasi, A. P., Amani, H., & Zareian, M. (2014). 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(In Persian).##Mohammadian, R., Sadrghaen, H. (2013). Determination of suitable sowing pattern of sugar beet under tape drip irrigation system. Journal of Suger Beet, 2 (28),107-122.##Musaviy, M. N., Saeidabadi, R., & Fahr, R. (2010). Physical development modeling and determination of optimal location for the settlement of Sardasht population over the horizon of 1400 using Delphi and the Boolean Logic Methods in the GIS Environment. Urnan Regional Studies and Research, 2(6),35-54. (In Persian).##Nazarifar, M. H., Salari, A., & Momeni, R. (2018). Development of a nonlinear programming model for determination of optimal cropping pattern based on deficit irrigation scenarios. Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research, 49(5),1055- 1070.##Nazarifar, M. H., & Momeni, R. (2011). Validation and evaluation of plant growth model of Crop System in determination of proper cropping pattern under deficit irrigation conditions. Case study of Shahid Chamran irrigation and drainage network. 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0 بررسی روابط برخی از صفات زراعی با میزان انتقال مجدد ماده خشک در کانوپی ژنوتیپ های برنج Studying the Relation between Some Agronomic Traits and Dry Matter Remobilization Rate in Canopy of Rice Genotypes https://jci.ut.ac.ir/article_77329.html 10.22059/jci.2020.295416.2331 0 انتقال مجدد هیدرات­های کربن از طریق اندام­های هوایی یکی از عوامل مؤثر در پُرشدن دانه برنج می­باشد. به‌منظور تعیین سهم انتقال مجدد ماده خشک اندام­های هوایی بر عملکرد دانۀ برنج، پژوهشی با هفت ژنوتیپ­ امیدبخش و دو رقم شاهد در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در دو سال زراعی 1396 و 1397 در ایستگاه تحقیقات برنج شهید شیرودی شهرستان تنکابن اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد که از نظر میزان انتقال مجدد ماده خشک از طریق برگ پرچم، ساقه و کل اندام­ هوایی در سطح احتمال یک درصد و از طریق سایر برگ­ها در سطح احتمال پنج درصد تفاوت آماری معنی­داری میان ژنوتیپ­ها وجود داشت. مقایسه میانگین بیانگر آن است که بیش‌ترین میزان انتقال مجدد ماده خشک از برگ پرچم متعلق به ژنوتیپ 952 با 56 گرم در مترمربع بود. حداکثر انتقال مجدد کربوهیدرات­ها از طریق سایر برگ­ها، ساقه و کل اندام­ هوایی به‌ترتیب به مقدار 123، 230 و 398 گرم در مترمربع به ژنوتیپ 953 اختصاص داشت. بیش‌ترین عملکرد دانه مربوط به ژنوتیپ 952 با 7206 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود. نتایج همبستگی نشان داد که عملکرد دانه با انتقال مجدد ماده خشک از راه­های برگ پرچم، ساقه، اندام هوایی و وزن هزاردانه با ضریب 37/0، 55/0، 51/0 و 44/0 همبستگی مثبت و معنی­دار داشت. با توجه به عملکرد و میزان انتقال مجدد ماده خشک دو ژنوتیپ 952 و953 ژنوتیپ­های مناسبی برای ادامه فعالیت­های تحقیقاتی به‌منظور معرفی رقم جدید برنج به‌ویژه در شرایط کمبود آب و تنش گرما می­باشند. 1 The remobilization of carbohydrates in shoots is one of the effective factors to grain filling in rice. To determine the contribution of dry matter remobilization of shoots in different rice genotypes, a research has been carried out with seven rice genotypes and two controls in RCBD design with three replications during 2017-2018 at rice research station of Shahid Shiroodi in Tonekabon county. Results show that among all genotypes, rate of dry matter remobilization via the flag leaf, stem, and total shoot has differed significantly at (p<0.01) percent and from other leaves at (p<0.05) percent level. Mean comparison among the genotypes indicates that the highest dry matter remobilization from flag leaf belongs to Genotype 952 with 56 g.m-2. The maximum carbohydrates remobilization in other leaves, stem and total shoots are assigned to Genotype 953 at 123, 230, and 398 g.m-2, respectively. Highest grain yield belongs to Genotype 952 with 7206 kg.ha-1. Correlation analysis results show that grain yield is positively and significantly correlated with dry matter remobilization from flag leaf, stem, and total shoots, as well as 1000-grain weight, having coefficients of 0.37, 0.55, 0.51, and 0.44, respectively. As a result of yield and dry matter remobilization rate, and the positive and significant correlation between them, both Genotypes 952 and 953 are suitable for continuing research activity and introduce a new rice cultivar especially in drought and hot stress conditions at the grain filling stage. 617 628 مریم سرائی Maryam Saraei دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد چالوس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، چالوس، ایران. Iran msaraei89@yahoo.com مرتضی مبلغی Morteza Moballeghi استادیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد چالوس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، چالوس، ایران. Iran mor.moballeghi@gmail.com مرتضی نصیری Morteza Nasiri استادیار، بخش تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر، مؤسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، معاونت مازندران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، آمل، ایران. Iran m_nasiri1@yahoo.com مجتبی نشایی مقدم Mojtaba Nashaeemoghaddam مربی پژوهشی، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد چالوس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، چالوس، ایران. Iran mneshaeemoghaddam@gmail.com Canopy Correlation genotype morphophisiologic remobilization rice Ahmadi, A., Siose-mardeh, A., & Zali, H. (2004). Comparison of storage capacity and photosynthesis matter remobilization and their role in four cultivars of wheat in suitable aggregation and stress conditions. Iranian Journal of Agriculture Science, 35(4), 921-931. (In Persian).##Akbari, G. A., Salehi-Zarkhooni, R., Mottaghi, S., Lotfifar, O., Yusefi-Rad, M., & Nasiri, M. (2009). Comparision of yield, yield components and remobilization of assimilates in old and new rice genotypes. Plant Production Technology, 1(2), 21-32. (In Persian).##Behpouri, A., Kheradnam, M., & Bijanzadeh, E. (2006). Evaluation of genetic variation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes using some agronomic and morphological traits. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 12(4), 779-809. (In Persian)##Bonnet, G. D., & Incoll, L. D. (1993). Effects on the stem of winter barley of manipulating the source and sink during grain-filling. I: Changes in day matter accumulation and loss of mass from internodes. Journal of Experimental Botany, 44, 75-82.##Borras, L., Slafer, G. A., & Otegui, M. E. (2004). Seed dry weight response to source-sink manipulations in wheat, maize, and soybean: a quantitive reappraisal. Field Crops Research, 86, 131-146.##Boshar, M. K., Haque, E., Das, R. K., & Miah, N. M. (1991). Relationship of flag leaf area to yield, filled grain per panicle and panicle length in upland rice varieties. International Rice Research, Newsletter. 16, 2-12.##Ehdaee, B., Alloush, G., Madore, M. A., & Waines, J. G. (2006). Genotypic variation for stem reserves and mobilization in wheat. I: Postanthesis changes in internode dry matter. Crop Science, 46, 735-746.##Fageria, N. K., & Baligar, V. C. (2005). Enhancing nitrogen use efficiency in crop plants. Advanced Agronomy, 88, 79-185.##Fang, Y., Xu., B. C., Turner, N. C., & Li, F. M. (2010). Grain yield, dry matter accumulation and remobilization and root respiration in winter wheat as affected by seeding rate and root pruning. European Journal of Agronomy, 1-10.##Jiang, W., Struik, P. C., Jin, L. N., VanKeulen, H., Zhao, M., & Stomph, T. J. (2007). Uptake and distribution of root-applied or foliar-applied 65Zn after flowering in aerobic rice. Annals of Applied Biology, 150, 383-391.##Kazemi-Poshtmasari, H. (2005). Study effect of nitrogen fertilizer rates and split application on nitrogen and dry matter remobilization in rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars. M.Sc. thesis, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crops Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesUniversity, Sari, Iran. 110p. (In Persian)##Kazemi-Poshtmasari, H. Pirdashti, H., Nasisri, M., & Bahmanyar, M. A. (2006). Effect of nitrogen fertilizer management on yield and yield components of three cultivars of rice. Proceeding of 9th Congress of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Sciences of Iran, University of Tehran, Aburihan Campus. Karaj, Iran. 26-28 August. 163p. (In Persian).## Kazemi-poshtmosari, H. (2006). Evaluation of nitrogen remobilization in different rice cultivars in different amounts and amounts of nitrogen fertilizer. M.Sc. thesis. Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crops Science, Sari Agriculture Science and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran. (In Persian).## Kazemi-Poshtmasari, H., Pirdashti, H., Bamanyar, M. A., & Nasiri, M. (2008). 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A. (2007). Sink limitations to yield in wheat: how could it be reduced. Journal of Agricultural Science, 145, 139-149. DOI:10.1017/S0021859607006752.##Montazeri, R., Moradkhani, M., Sam-daliri, M. & Mosavi, A. B. (2017). Correlation between morphological new genotype of rice in the west mazandaran. Journal of Crop Breeding, 9(22), 191-199. (In Persian). DOI:2010.29252/jcb.9.22.191##Moradi, F. (1997). A physiological study of the effect of heat stress on growth and yield of six rice cultivars in Ahvaz. M.Sc. thesis, in Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran. 148P. (In Persian).##Nasiri, M. (1993).Importance of flag leaf in rice yield. M.Sc. thesis. Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. 160P. (In Persian).##Nik-nezad, Y. (2003). Investigation relationship sink-source and yield in different rice cultivar. M.Sc. thesis in Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Varamin Branch, Varamin, Iran. 108p. (In Persian).##Ntanos, D. A., & Koutrobas, S. D. (2002). Dry matter and N accumulation and translocation for Indica and Japonica rice under Mediterranean conditions. Field Crops Research, 74, 93-101.##Pirdashti, H. (2000). Investigation planting date on nitrogen remobilization and grow indices, yield and yield component in different rice cultivar. M.Sc. thesis. Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran. 158p. (In Persian).##Pirdashti, H., Tahmasebi-Sarvestani, Z. & Nasiri, M. (2003). Study of dry matter and nitrogen remobilization in different rice cultivars in different dates of transplanting. Iranian Journal of Agronomy Science, 5(1), 46-55. (In Persian).##Pirdashti, H., Tahmasbi Sarvastani, Z., Nemat Zadeh, Gh., & Esmaeil, A. (2004). 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Genetic analysis of flag leaf area in durum wheat over environments. Wheat Information Service, 69, 5-10.##Vali-pour, A. (2013). Study of the contribution of dry matter remobilization on growth and yield of cultivars and rice lines. M.Sc. thesis. Islamic Azad University, Chalous Branch, Chalous, Iran. 88p. (In Persian).##

0 بررسی واکنش های بیوشیمیایی و فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی اکسیدانی گیاه کینوا تحت تنش کم‌آبیاری و تیمارهای کودی در خاک شور Investigation of biochemical reactions and antioxidant enzymes activity of Quinoa under drought stress and fertilizer treatments in saline soil https://jci.ut.ac.ir/article_77275.html 10.22059/jci.2020.293317.2305 0 این آزمایش به‌صورت اسپلیت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 1397-1398 در مزرعه‌ای شور (هدایت الکتریکی 2/5 دسی‌زیمنس‌ بر متر)، واقع در منطقه دستگرد اصفهان انجام شد. چهار سطح آبیاری (100، 75، 50 و 25 درصد ظرفیت مزرعه) به‌عنوان عامل اصلی و چهار سطح کود زیستی (شاهد، نیتروکسین، بیوفسفر و تلفیق نیتروکسین و بیوفسفر) و دو سطح کود شیمیایی (عدم کاربرد و کاربرد تلفیقی کودهای شیمیایی نیتروژن و فسفر) به‌عنوان عوامل فرعی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. تنش شدید خشکی 25 درصد ظرفیت مزرعه فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی­اکسیدان کاتالاز، پراکسیداز و سوپر اکسید دیسموتاز، میزان پرولین و میزان مالون‌دی‌آلدئید در کینوا را به‌ترتیب حدود 46، 52، 142، 42 و 39 درصد نسبت به شرایط بدون تنش آبیاری 100 درصد ظرفیت مزرعه  افزایش داد و در نتیجه موجب کاهش‌ معنی‌دار عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک (به‌ترتیب حدود 76 و 49 درصد) در این گیاه گردید. با این وجود در تمامی سطوح تنش خشکی، تیمار تلفیق نیتروکسین و بیوفسفر در شرایط کاربرد هم‌زمان کودهای شیمیایی نیتروژن و فسفر بیش‌ترین تأثیر را بر تعدیل اثرات تنش خشکی، کاهش معنی­دار فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی­اکسیدان و در نتیجه افزایش عملکرد در مقایسه با سایر تیمارهای کودی در همان سطح خشکی داشت. نتایج در مجموع نشان داد که گیاه کینوا با وجود شوری خاک محل آزمایش، توانست حتی در شرایط تنش شدید خشکی، دوره رشد خود را کامل کند و بذر تولید نماید. 1 The present experiment has been conducted as a split plot factorial based on completely randomized block design with three replications in 2018-2019 crop season on a saline farm (with an electrical conductivity of 5.2 dS/m) in Dastgerd area, Isfahan Province. Four levels of irrigation (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of FC) compose the main factors and biofertilizer (the control, Nitroxin, Biophosphorus, and their combination) as well as chemical fertilizer in two level of no application and integrated application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers are the sub-factor. Severe drought stress (25% FC irrigation treatment) increase the measured traits (antioxidant enzyme activity including catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase along with Proline and Malondialdehyde content) in quinoa by about 46%, 52%, 142%, 42%, and 39%, compared to non-stress conditions (100% FC irrigation treatment), respectively. Also, they significantly reduce grain and biological yield in this plant (by about 76% and 49%, respectively). However, at all drought stress levels , the combination of nitroxin and biophosphorus under conditions of simultaneous use of chemical fertilizers of nitrogen and phosphorus shows the maximum effect on moderation of drought stress effects, significantly reducing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and, consequently, increasing yield, compared to other treatments at the same drought level. Overall, the results demonstrate that despite the salinity of the tested soil, quinoa has been able to complete its growth and seed production even under severe drought stress conditions. 629 644 مهدی امیریوسفی Mahdi Amirusefi دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران. Iran mahdiamirusefi96@yahoo.com محمود رضا تدین Mahmoud Reza Tadayon استاد، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران. Iran mrtadayon@yahoo.com رحیم ابراهیمی Rahim Ebrahimi استاد، گروه مهندسی مکانیک بیوسیستم، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران. Iran rahim.ebrahimi@gmail.com Catalase nitrogen Osmotic stress Phosphorus Quinoa Adolf, V. I., Jacobsen, S.E., & Shabala, S. (2013). Salt tolerance mechanisms in quinoa(Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). Environmental and Experimental Botany, 92, 43–54DOI:/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2012.07.004.##Aebi, H.E. (1984). Catalase in vitro. Methods Enzymology, 105, 121-126.##Agarwal, S., & Pandey, V. (2004). Antioxidant enzyme responses to NaCl stress in Cassia angustifolia. Biologia Plantarum, 48(4), 555-560.##Alizadeh, A. (2008). Soil, Water and Plant relationship. Emam Reza University of Mashhad. pp.484. (In Persian).##Al-Naggar, A. M. M., Abd El-Salam, R. M., Badran, A. E. E., & El-Moghazi, M. A. (2017). Drought tolerance of five Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) genotypes and its association with other traits under moderate and severe drought stress. Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research, 3(3), 2456-2468. DOI:10.9734/AJAAR/2017/37216.##Aman, R., Ebtihal, A. E., & Mervat, S. (2019). Comparative study for the effect of arginine and sodium nitroprusside on sunflower plants grown under salinity stress conditions. Bulletin of the National Research Centre, 43(118), 1-12. DOI:10.1186/s42269-019-0156-0.##Basra, S. M. A., Iqbal, S., & Afzal, I. (2014). Evaluating the response of nitrogen application on growth, development and yield of quinoa genotypes. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 16, 886-892.##Bates, L. (1973). Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant Soil. 39, 205-207. DOI: 10.1007/BF00018060.##Bradford, M. M. (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantites of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Annals of Biochemistry, 72, 248-254. DOI: 10.1006/abio.1976.9999.##Cocozza, C., Pulvento, C., Lavini, A., Riccardi, M., d’Andria, R., & Tognetti, R. (2012). Effects of increasing salinity stress and decreasing water availability on ecophysiological traits of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) grown in a Mediterranean-type agroecosystem. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 199(4), 229–240.##Das, K., & Roychoudhury, A. (2014) Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and response of antioxidants as ROS-scavengers during environmental stress in plants. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 2, 53-66. DOI:10.3389/fenvs.2014.00053.##Dhindsa, R. S., & Motowe, W. (1981). Drought tolerance in two mosses: correlation with enzymatic defense against lipid peroxidation. Journal of Experimental Botany, 32, 79-91. DOI:10.1093/jxb/32.1.79.##Enebe, M.C., & Babalola, O.O. (2018). The influence of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in plant tolerance to abiotic stress: a survival strategy. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnolog, 102(18), 7821-7835. DOI:10.1007/s00253-018-9214-z.##Fawy, H.A., Moharam, F., Hagab, A., & Hagab, R. (2017). Effect of nitrogen fertilization and organic acids on grains productivity and biochemical contents of quinoa plant grown under soil conditions of Ras Sadersina. Egyptian Journal of Desert Research, 67(1), 169-183. DOI:10.21608/ejdr.2017.5851.##Gamez, A.L., Soba, D., Zamarreno, A.M., Garcia-Mina, J.M., Aranjuelo, I., & Morales, F. (2019). Effect of water stress during grain filling on yield, quality and physiological traits of Illpa and Rainbow Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) cultivars. Plants, 8(6), 173-188. DOI: 10.3390/plants8060173.##Garcia, M., Condori, B., & Castillo, C.D. (2015). Agroecological and agronomic cultural practices of Quinoa in South America. Quinoa: Improvement and Sustainable Production, 25-46. DOI: 10.1002/9781118628041.ch3.##Gomaa E. F. (2013). Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and bio fertilizers on quinoa plant. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 9(8), 5210- 5222.##Gonzalez, J., Gallardo, M., Hillar, M., Rosa, M., & Prado, F. (2009). Physiological responses of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) to drought and waterlogging stresses: dry matter partitioning. Botanical Studies, 50, 35-42.##Heshmati, S., Amini Dehaghi, M., & Fathi Amirkhiz, K. (2016). Effect of chemical and biological phosphorus on antioxidant enzymes activity and some biochemical traits of spring Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under water deficit stress conditions. Journal of Crop Production and Processing, 6(19), 203-214. DOI: 10.18869/acadpub.jcpp.6.19.203.##Hinojosa, L., Gonzalez, J., Barrios-Masias, F., Fuentes, F., & Murphy, K. (2018). Quinoa abiotic stress responses: A review. Plants, 7(4), 106-138.DOI: 10.3390/plants7040106.##Hoseini, Y., Ramezani Moghaddam, J., Nikpour, M.R., & Abdoli, A. (2018). Evaluating water uptake functions under simultaneous salinity and water stress conditions in Solanum lycopersicum. Journal of Water Research in Agriculture, 32(2), 247-265. (In Persian).##Kaoutar, F., Abdelaziz, H., Ouafae, B., Redouane, C.-A., & Ragab, R. (2017). Yield and dry matter simulation using the saltmed model for five Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) accessions under deficit irrigation in South Morocco. Irrigation and Drainage, 66(3), 340-350. DOI: 10.1002/ird.2116.##Muscolo, A., Panuccio, M. R., Gioffrè, A.M., & Jacobsen, S.-E. (2016). Drought and salinity differently affect growth and secondary metabolites of “Chenopodium quinoa Willd” seedlings. Halophytes for Food Security in Dry Lands, 259-275. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-801854-5.00016-9.##Nasir Khan, M. Mobin, M., & Zahid, A. (2018). Fertilizers and their contaminants in soils, surface and groundwater. Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences, 225-240.##Prager, A., Munz, S., Nkebiwe, P., Mast, B., & Graeff-Honninger, S. (2018). Yield and quality characteristics of different quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) cultivars grown under field conditions in Southwestern Germany. Agronomy, 8, 197-216. DOI: 10.3390/agronomy8100197.##Pulvento, C., Riccardi, M., Lavini, A., Iafelice, G., Marconi, E., & d’Andria, R. (2012). Yield and quality characteristics of Quinoa grown in open field under different saline and non-saline irrigation regimes. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 198(4), 254-263. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-037X.2012.00509.x.##Sabbagh, S. K., Poorabdollah, A., Sirousmehr, A., & Gholamalizadeh-Ahangar, A. (2017). Bio-fertilizers and systemic acquired resistance in Fusarium infected wheat. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 19, 453-464.##Sadak, M.S., El-Bassiouny, H.M.S., & Dawood, M.G. (2019). Role of trehalose on antioxidant defense system and some osmolytes of quinoa plants under water deficit. Bulletin of the National Research Centre, 43(5), 1-11. DOI: 10.1186/s42269-018-0039-9.##Sanchez-Rodriguez, E., Rubio-Wilhelmi, M., Cervilla, L.M., Blasco, B., Rios, J.J., Rosales, M.A., Romero, L., & Ruiz, J.M. (2010). 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0 مقایسه شاخص‎ سطح برگ، خصوصیات کمی و کیفی 13 رقم جدید سیب زمینی تحت شرایط اقلیمی نیمه خشک و سرد رزن Comparison of Leaf Area Index, Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of 13 New Potato Cultivars under semi-arid and cold Climatic Conditions of Razan https://jci.ut.ac.ir/article_77172.html 10.22059/jci.2020.293616.2310 0 برای رسیدن به عملکرد مطلوب کمی و کیفی سیب‌زمینی در هر منطقه لازم است ارقام جدید با یکدیگر مقایسه گردد. به این ‌منظور 13 رقم جدید به‌همراه دو رقم آگریا و بانبا از نظر شاخص سطح برگ، صفات زراعی و کیفی در شرایط آب‌وهوایی رزن موردبررسی قرار گرفتند. این پژوهش در قالب طرح آماری بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا در سال 1396 انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد رقم مانیتو دیرتر از دیگر ارقام به حداکثر شاخص سطح برگ رسید و با داشتن 12 غده در بوته نسبت به ارقام شاهد بانبا و آگریا به‌ترتیب 112 و 83 درصد برتری داشت. در میان ارقام، ناتاشا با دارابودن بالاترین شاخص سطح برگ حداکثر (65/3) نسبت به آگریا و بانبا به‌ترتیب 57 و 19 درصد پر برگ‌تر بود. وزن غده در رقم اوتاوا (8/157 گرم در غده) نسبت به ارقام آگریا و بانبا به‌ترتیب 5/70 و 4/20 درصد بیش‌تر بود. رقم مانیتو با عملکرد 71399 کیلوگرم در هکتار برتری 123 درصدی نسبت به آگریا و 70 درصدی نسبت به بانبا نشان داد. در این پژوهش ارقام از لحاظ درصد پروتئین غده تفاوت معنی‎دار نداشتند، درحالی‌که از نظر درصد نشاسته غده متفاوت بودند و بالاترین مقدار در رقم مانیتو (09/18 درصد) و سپس در اوتاوا و کونکوردیا مشاهده شد. به‌طورکلی، ارقام مانیتو، کاروسو و فالوکا براساس صفات حداکثر شاخص سطح برگ، تعداد غده در بوته و عملکرد برای کاشت در رزن قابل پیشنهاد هستند. 1 In order to achieve optimum quantitative and qualitative yield of potato in each region, new cultivars need to be compared. As such, this study has been carried out to compare 13 new potato cultivars along with two cultivars of Agria and Banba with each other to identify suitable cultivars for leaf area index, agronomic, and qualitative traits under climatic conditions of Razan. The statistical design, used in the present study, has been complete randomized block with three replications. Results show that Manito cultivar has reached the maximum leaf area index later than other cultivars, having 12 tubers per plant, which is 112% and 83% superior to Banba and Agria, respectively. Also, Natascha cultivar with a leaf area index of 3.65 has been 57% and 19% leafier than Agria and Banba, respectively. Tuber weight in Ottawa (157.8 g per tuber) has been 70.5% and 20.4% greater than Agria and Banba, respectively. Manito cultivar yields 71399 kg/ha, which is 123% more than Agria and 70% than Banba. Protein percentage of tubers in this study do not differ among the potato cultivars, while the difference is significant among the potato cultivars in tuber starch percentage and the highest values belong to Manito (18.09%) and Ottawa and Concordia cultivars, in the second and place. Generally, Manitou, Caruso, and Faluca cultivars are recommended for planting in the Razan on the basis of traits of maximum leaf area index, number of tubers per plant, and tuber yield. 645 656 علی اصغر فزونی Ali Asghar Fozouni دانش‎آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران. Iran armanesabz2007@yahoo.com محمدعلی ابوطالبیان Mohammad Ali Aboutalebian دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران. Iran aboutalebian@yahoo.com number of tubers per plant Protein starch tuber weight Tuber yield Abdollahi, M., Soleymani, A., & Shahrajabian, M. H. (2018). Evaluation of yield and some of physiological indices of potato cultivars in relation to chemical, biologic and manure fertilizers. Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova, 51(2), 53-66.##Abu-Zinabad, I., & Mousa, W. (2015). Growth and productivity of different potato varieties under Gaza Strip conditions. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences, 8(3), 433-450.##Aghighi Shahverdi, M., Maleki Farahani, S., & Mamivand, B. (2017). Evaluation of changes of protein percentage, lysine and methionine amino acids in potato genotypes and cultivars. Plant Ecophysiology, 9, 103-112. (In Persian)##Busnello, F. J., Boff, M. I. C., Agostinetto, L., Souza, Z. D. S., & Boff, P. (2019). Potato genotypes reaction to early blight and late blight in organic cultivation. Ciencia Rural, 49(3), 1-8.##Chang, H. J., Li, X. Q., Kalinga, D., Lim, S. T., & Liu, Q. (2014). Physicochemical properties of dry matter and isolated starch from potatoes growth in different location in Canada. Food Research International, 57(8), 89-94.##Eskandari, H. (2015). Evaluation of growth and tuber yield of potato Solanum tuberosum L.as affected by manure and zinc foliar application. Research in Field Crops, 3, 70-82. (In Persian)##Fetena, S., & Eshetu, B. (2017). Evaluation of released and local potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties for growth performance. Journal of Agronomy, 16, 40-44.##FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). (2017). http://fenix.fao.org/faostat/internal/en/#data/QC.##Gordon, R., Brown, D. M., & Dixon, M. A. (1997). Estimating potato leaf area index for specific cultivars. Potato Research, 40(3), 251-266.##Khajehpur, M. (2006). Industrial plants. Isfahan University of Technology Press, 564p.(In Persian).##Khan, V. (2019). Evaluation of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) genotypes for yield and phenotypic quality traits under subtropical climate. Academia Journal of Agricultural Research, 6(4), 079-085.##Hassanpanah, D., & Hassanabadi, H. (2011). Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of advanced potato clones in Ardabil region. Journal of Modern Sustainable Agriculture Knowledge, 1, 37-48. (In Persian).##Heinecke, A. (2007). Contribution to the determination of the biochemical causes of black spot on potatoes. Niedersachsische Staats-und, Doctoral dissertation. (In Germany).##Howlader, O., & Hoque, M.A. (2018). Growth analysis and yield performance of four potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research, 43(2), 267-280.##Knowles, N.R., & Knowles, L.O. (2006). Mainpulating stem number, tuber set and yield relationships for northern and southern growth potato seed lots. Crop Science, 46(1), 284-296.##Lisinska, G., & Leszczynski, W. (1989). Potato science and technology. Springer Science & Business Media, Amsterdam, Netherlands. 391p.##Mahgoub, H. A. M., Eisa, G. S. A., & Youssef, M. A. H. (2015). Molecular, biochemical and anatomical analysis of some potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars growing in Egypt. Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 13(1), 39-49.##Masoudi, F., Zardashti, M. R., Abdollahi Mandoulakani, B., Rasouli Sadghiani, M. H., & Nazarli, H. (2010). Effect of irrigation intervals on yield and plant characteristics of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences, 12(3), 265-278. (In Persian).##Masoumpour, E., Mousapour, A., Gorji, A., & Sharghi, Y. (2013). Study of genetic variation of some traits in potato cultivars and clones. Agronomy Journal (Pajouhesh and Sazandegi), 104, 193-203. (In Persian).##Mazaheri, D., & Majnon Hoseini, N. (2001). Fundamental of agronomy. Tehran University Press, 320 p. (In Persian).##Monte, J. A., de Carvalho, D. F., Medici, L. O., da Silva, L. D. B., & Pimentel, C. (2013). Growth analysis and yield of tomato crop under different irrigation depths. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, 17(9), 926-931.##Mousapour Gorji, A., & Shavakh, F. (2007). Evaluation of physico-chemical properties of new potato varieties and introduction proper varieties for processing purpose. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 8, 63-78. (In Persian).##Parvizi, Kh. (2006). Evaluation of quantitative and qualitative traits of late and early ripening advanced potato cultivars. Pajouhesh and Sazandegi Journal, 79, 80-90. (In Persian).##Pycia, K., Juszczak, L., Galkowska, D., & Witczak, M. (2012). Physiochemical properties of starches obtained from polish potato cultivars. Starch-Starke, 64(2), 105-114.##Rahman, M. H., Islam, M. S., & Sonom, S. (2016). Genetic diversity of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Bangladesh Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics, 29(1), 39-43.##Rahnama, A. (2008). Plant physiology. Pouran Pazhohesh Press, second edition, Tehran, Iran. 364 p. (In Persian).##Sarparast, R., & Melikian, A. (2015). Evaluation of potato yield and growth indicators in mountainous and plain condition of Golestan province. Journal of Crop Production Research, 22, 231-238.##Smith, A. M., Zeeman, S. C., Thorneycroft, D., & Smith S. M. (2003). Starch mobilization in leaves. Journal of Experimental Botany, 54(382), 577-583.##Wohleb, C. H., Knowles, N. R., & Pavek, M. J. (2014). Plant growth and development. In: R. Navarre & M. J. Pavek,  (Ed), The potato: botany, production and uses. CAB International. Pp (64-82).##Zrust, J., & Geple, J. (1992). Dependence of yield of early potato on some growth characteristics. Field Crop Abstracts, 45(10), 922.##

0 ارزیابی توانایی رقابتی ارقام سیب زمینی با علف های هرز Evaluating the Competitive Ability of Potato Cultivars with Weeds https://jci.ut.ac.ir/article_77376.html 10.22059/jci.2020.291898.2291 0 به­منظور بررسی توانایی رقابتی ارقام مختلف سیب­زمینی با علف­های هرز آزمایشی در سال 1395 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اردبیل در قالب طرح بلوک­های­ کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. تیمارهای موردمطالعه شامل 10 رقم سیب­زمینی بودند که در شرایط با و بدونرقابت طبیعی علف­های هرز رشد می­کردند. نتایج نشان داد افت عملکرد در شرایط حضور علف­های هرز از سه درصد در رقم ساتینا تا 84 درصد در رقم آگریا متغیر بود. هم‌چنین توانایی رقابتی ارقام با یکدیگر متفاوت بود. رقم ساتینا دارای بالاترین شاخص رقابت (CI) بود و توانست وزن خشک علف­های هرز را نسبت به رقم اسپریت به­عنوان یک رقم ضعیف در رقابت با علف­های هرز به میزان دو برابر بیش‌تر کاهش دهد. از بین صفات موردبررسی قطر ساقه سیب­زمینی همبستگی منفی با وزن خشک علف­های هرز و همبستگی مثبت  با شاخص­های تحمل و رقابت ارقام داشت. قطر ساقه در رقم ساتینا در شرایط حضور علف‌های هرز نسبت به رقم اسپریت 18 درصد بیش‌تر بود. به‌طور کلی نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد رقم ساتینا به­عنوان یک رقم سازگار برای کشت در منطقه اردبیل نسبت به سایر ارقام از شاخص حساسیت (SSI) کم‌تر و پایداری بیش‌تری نسبت به علف­های هرز برخوردار بوده و می­توان آن را به­عنوان رقم رقیب در برنامه­های مدیریت غیرشیمیایی علف­های هرز معرفی نمود. 1 In order to study the competitiveness of potato cultivars with weeds, an experiment was conducted in 2016 at field research of Ardabil Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Station. For this purpose a randomized complete block has been used with three replications. The treatments include ten potato cultivars, grown with and without natural weed competition, with yield loss ranging from 3% in Satina to 84% in Agria in weedy condition. Also, the Competitive Ability (CA) of the cultivars differs. It is observed that satina cultivar has had the highest competitive index (CI) and could reduce the weed dry mass by two folds in comparison to Spirit as a poor cultivar. Also, stem diameter is seen to be negatively correlated with weed dry mass and positively correlated with tolerance and competition indices. Stem diameter in Satina has significantly stodd higher than Spirit cultivar. In general, the results of this study declare that Satina cultivar is considered as a tolerant and recommendable option for cultivation in Ardebil region than other cultivars, less susceptibility index (SSI) and more stable than weed, and can be introduced as a competitive cultivar in non-chemical weed management programs. 657 669 فرشته نورالهی Fereshteh Nourollahi دانش آموخته دکتری، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران. Iran nourollahif@yahoo.com حمیدرضا محمددوست چمن آباد Hamid Mohammaddoust استاد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران. Iran hr_chamanabad@yahoo.com داود حسن پناه Davood Hassanpanah استادیار پژوهشی، بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل (مغان)، سازمان تحقیقات،آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اردبیل، ایران. Iran hassanpanah_d@yahoo.com محمد انوار Mohammad Anvar دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران. Iran anvar@uma.ac.ir Competitiveness morpho-physiological traits Sustainable weed management Tolerance Index Weed suppression Abdollahi, A., Moradi, KH., & Mohammadi, R. (2014). Evaluation of competitive ability of promising barley genotypes at different seeding rates under rainfed condition. Journal of agricultural science of sustainable production, 24(3), 97-109.##Abdollahi, F., & Mohammaddust-Chamanabad, H. R. (2017). The competitive response investigation of 18 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars with wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis). Plant Protection, 30, 629-638.##Altamas Arefin, M. d., Rashedur Rahman, M. D. M., Atikur Rahman, A. N., & Mominul Islam, A. K. M. )2018(. 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