ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The investigation of effect of planting date and foliar application Zinc sulfate and Selenium on tolerance to high temperature on two Wheat cultivars
In order to investigation the effect of planting date and foliar application Zinc sulfate and Selenium on tolerance to high temperature on two Wheat cultivars one experiment was carried out in a split factorial experiment based on a complete randomized block design with three replications at the experimental farm of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz during a growing season 2017-2018. Three factors were investigated in this experiment. initial factor including three planting date (Nov 11, Des 11, Jan 10). The solution type was used as the second factor: 1- foliar application with tap water (control), 2- foliar application with selenium (4 mg/lit), 3- foliar application with zinc sulfate (0.04%) and third factor including two wheat cultivars (Chamran and Star). According to the results in planting date of 20 January, the number of grains per spike decreased in the foliar application treatments by zinc solfate 10%, Selenium 36% and control 33% compared to similar treatments in the planting date of November 20th. In the planting date of January 20, the decrease in grain yield compared to the planting date of November 20th was 49.3% in the control treatment and 49.9% in the selenium treatment While in zinc sulfate treatment, yield reduction was 20.19%. According to the results obtained in folia application, Zn sulfate increased grain yield in two wheat cultivars by increasing the number of grains per spike, 1000- grain weight and grain filling duration.
https://jci.ut.ac.ir/article_73861_15c37cc381c9916fe205d16db0ce792a.pdf
2020-03-20
1
12
10.22059/jci.2019.279681.2208
Grain yield
1000- grain weight
heat stress
Selenium
Zinc sulfate
Hossein
Noroozi
h.noroozi85@gmail.com
1
Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Agriculture Faculty, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
Majid
Nabipour
nabipourm@yahoo.com
2
Professor, Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Agriculture Faculty, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Afraseyab
Rahnama Ghahfarokhi
afrahnama@yahoo.com
3
Associate Professor, Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Agriculture Faculty, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
AUTHOR
Habibola
Roshanfekr
h.roshanfekr@scu.ac.ir
4
Associate Professor, Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Agriculture Faculty, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
Abdoli, M., Esfandiari, E., Mousavi, S.B. & Sadeghzadeh, B. (2014). Effects of foliar application of zinc sulfate at different phenological stages on yield formation and grain zinc content of bread wheat. Azarian Journal of Agriculture, 1(1), 11-16. (in Persian)
1
Abdoli, M., Saeidi, M., Jalali-Honarmand, S., Mansourifar, S. & Ghobadi, M.E. (2013). Investigation of some physiological and biochemical traits and their relationship with yield and its components in advanced bread wheat cultivars under post-pollinated water stress conditions. Journal of Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences, 6(1), 63-47. (in Persian)
2
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15
Malik, J.A., Kumar, S., Thakur, P., Sharma, S., Kaur, N., Kaur, R., Pathania, D., Bhandhari, K., Kaushal, N., Singh, K., Srivastava, A. & Nayyar, H. (2011). Promotion of growth in mung bean (Phaseolus aureus Roxb.) by selenium is associated with stimulation of carbohydrate metabolism. Biological Trace Element Research, 143(1), 530-539. DOI: 10.1007/s12011-010-8872-1.
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17
Mojtabaie Zamani, M., Nabipour, M. & Meskarbashee, M. (2015). Effect of heat stress during grain filling on photosynthesis and grain yield of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences, 17(1), 1-17. (in Persian).
18
Mondal, S., Singh, R.P., Mason, E.R., Huerta-Espino, J., Autrique, E. & Joshi, A.K. (2016). Grain yield: adaptation and progress in breeding for early-maturing and heat-tolerant wheat lines in South Asia. Field Crops Research, 192, 78–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2016.04.017.
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21
Muhammad, I., Iqbal, H., Hena, L., Ashraf, M.A., Rizwan, R. & Rahman, R. (2015). Exogenously applied selenium reduces oxidative stress and induces heat tolerance in spring wheat. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 94, 95-103.
22
Nabipour, M., Atlasipak, V., Abdeshahian, M., Hasibi, P. & Saeedipour, S. (2011). Crop responses and adaptations to temperature stress (Translation). Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz Publications. 380 Pages. (in Persian)
23
Nawaz, F., Ashraf, M.Y., Ahmad, R., Waraich, E.A., Shabbir, R.N. & Bukhari, M.A. (2015). Supplemental selenium improves wheat grain yield and quality through alterations in biochemical processes under normal and water deficit conditions. Food Chemistry, 175, 350-357. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.11.147.
24
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26
Pandey, G.C., Mamrutha, H.M., Tiwari, R., Sareen, S., Bhatia, S., Siwach, P., Tiwari, V. & Sharma, I. (2015). Physiological traits associated with heat tolerance bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Physiology Molecular Biology Plants, 21(1), 93-99. DOI: 10.1007/s12298-014-0267-x.
27
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28
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29
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30
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31
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32
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35
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39
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Identification of Rapeseed Limiting Factors Using Performance Comparison Analysis
Understanding the performance potential and the gap between the actual yields of crops with the achievable function is necessary to diagnose the limiting factors of performance. The present study was conducted based on the method of CPA in 50 fields of Zavkooh villi (Kalaleh, Golestan, Iran) in 2016 and 2017. In this study all information related to management practices, soil characteristics and farmer socio- economic status were measured and recorded. In the comparative performance analysis (CPA) method, using stepwise regression, the relationship between variables and yield was considered. And yield gap rate, its causes factors and it was also estimated the contribution of each of these factors to the creation of a yield gap. The results showed that between the average real yield (2308 kg ha-1) and the yieldable yield (4123 kg ha-1), there is 1818 kg per hectare of vacuum. Accordingly, the most important factors in yield gap for the region included: field size with 21.4 percent, Summer plowing with 15 percent, The time of land preparation and plowing with 14.7 percent, nitrogen fertilizer with 14.6 percent, potassium fertilizer with 14 percent, weeds density per unit area with 10.8 percent), seed treatment with 8.1 percent and Subsoiler with 1.4 percent.
https://jci.ut.ac.ir/article_74259_13aad1925dba052d2bd977dd5bca9704.pdf
2020-03-20
13
25
10.22059/jci.2019.280944.2212
Actual yield
attainable yield
crop management
rapeseed
Yield Gap
Shahram
SekhavatiFar
shsakhavati@yahoo.com
1
M.Sc. Student, Plant Production Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran
AUTHOR
ali
Rahemi karizaki
alirahemi@yahoo.com
2
Assistant Professor, Plant Production Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ali
Nakhzari Moghaddam
a_nakhzari@yahoo.com
3
Assistant Professor, Plant Production Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran
AUTHOR
Mehdi
Mollashahi
mmollashahi@gonbad.ac.ir
4
Assistant Professor, Plant Production Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran
AUTHOR
Abravan, P., Soltani A., Majidian M. & Mohsenabadi, GH. (2016). Study of field management factors and underlying reasons limiting yield of oilseed rape in east of Golestan province using CPA method. Agroecology Journal, 7(2), 46-60. (in Persian)
1
Ahmad, G., Jan A., Arif M., Jan M.T. & Khattak, R.A. (2007). Influence of nitrogen and sulfur fertilization on quality of canola (Brassica napus L.) under rainfed conditions. Journal of Zhejiang University Science Biology, 8(10), 731-737. Doi: 10.1631/jzus.2007.B0731.
2
Ahmad, G., Jan A., Arif M., Jan M.T. & Shah, H. (2011). Effect of nitrogen and sulfur fertilization on yield components, seed and oil yields of canola. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 34, 2069-2082. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2011.618569.
3
Azizi, M., Soltani A. & Khavari Khorasani, S. (1999). Brassica Oilseeds: Production and utilization. Jahad Daneshgahi Publication of Mashhad. 230 pp. (in Persian)
4
Bagherani, N. & Shimi, P. (2001). Evaluation of some herbicides for weed control in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. 8(1), 157-163.
5
Banuelos, G.S., Bryla D.R. & Cook, C.G. (2002). Vegetative production of kenaf and canola under irrigation in central California. Indian Crop Production, 15, 237-245. DOI: 10.1016/S0926-6690(01)00119-4
6
Blackshaw, R. E., Lemerle D., Mailer R. & Young, K. R. (2002). Influence of wild radish on yield and quality of canola. Weed Science, 50(3), 344-349. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0344:IOWROY]2.0.CO;2
7
Brisson, N., Gary C., Justes E., Roche R., Mary B., Ripoche D., Zimmer D., Sierra J., Bertuzzi P., Burger P., Bussiere F., Cabidoche Y.M., Cellier P., Debaeke P., Gaudillere J.P., Henault C., Maraux F., Seguin B. & Sinoquet, H. (2002). An overview of the crop model STICS. Europian Journal of Agronomy, 18, 309-332. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1161-0301(02)00110-7
8
Chaudhary, R.C. (2000). Strategies for bridging the yield gap in rice: A regional perspective. In: Papadimitriou, M.K., Dent, F.J., Herath, E.M. (Eds). Bridging the rice yield gap in the Asia-Pacific region. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific Bangkok, Thailand, pp: 201-214.
9
Cheema, M. A., Malik M. A., Hussain A., Shah S. H. & Basra, S.M.A. (2011). Effects of time and rate of nitrogen and phosphorus application on the growth and the seed and oil yields of canola (Brassica napus L.) Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 186(2), 103-110. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-037X.2001.00463.x
10
De Bie, C.A.J.M. (2000). Yield gap studies through comparative performance analysis of agroecosystems. International Institute for Aerospace and Earth Science (ITC), Enschede. The Netherlands. 234 p.
11
Egli, D.B. & Hatfield, J.L. (2015). Yield gaps and yield relationships in central U.S. soybean production systems. Journal of Agronomy, 106, 560-571. DOI: 10.2134/agronj2013.0364
12
Elliott, R. H., Franke C. & Rakow, G.F.W. (2008). Effects of seed size and seed weight on seedling establishment, vigour and tolerance of Argentine canola (Brassica napus) to flea beetles, Phyllotreta spp. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 88(1), 207-217. DOI: 10.4141/CJPS07059
13
Hejarpoor, A., Soltani A. & Torabi, B. (2015). Using boundary line analysis in yield gap studies: Case study of wheat in Gorgan. Journal of Crop Production, 8(4), 183-201. (in Persian)
14
Hejarpoor, A., Soltani A., Zeinali E., Kashiri H., Aynehband A. & Nazeri, M. (2017). Evaluation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield gap in Golestan province of Iran using comparative performance analysis (CPA) method. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences, 19(2), 86-101. (in Persian)
15
Hosseini, S.J.F. & Haji Maleki, H. (2012). The Role of Social Factors in Production of Canola in Qazvin Province. International Journal of Agricultural Science and Research, 2(2), 17-20. (in Persian)
16
Kordi, N., Mehraban A. & Piri, I. (2014). Effect of planting pattern and cultivar on some quantitative characteristics of canola. International Journal of Farming and Allied Sciences, 3(7), 750-753. (in Persian)
17
Lisson, S. N., Kirkegaard J. A., Robertson M. J. & Zwart, A. (2007). What is limiting canola yield in suthern New South Wales? A diagnosis of causal factors. Animal Production Science, 47(12), 1435-1445. DOI: 10.1071/EA07041.
18
Meghdadi, N., Soltani A., Kamkar B. & Hejarpoor, A. (2016). Agroecological zoning of Zanjan province for estimating yield potential and yield gap in dryland-base chickpea production systems. Journal of Plant Production Research, 21(3), 27-49. (in Persian)
19
Nehbandani, A., Soltani A., Zeinali E. & Hoseini, F. (2016). Analyzing soybean yield constraints in Gorgan and Aliabad katul using CPA method. Agroecology Journal, 7(1), 109-123. (in Persian)
20
Rezaei, A. & Soltani, A. (1998). An introduction to Applied Regression Analysis, 4th ed. Isfahan University of Technology. Esfahan, Iran. (in Persian)
21
Smith, E. G., Carew R. & Warner, K. (2013). Decision Making among Canola Growers in the Prairie Provinces: The Impact of Farm and Grower Characteristics. Annual Meeting, August 4-6, Washington, D.C. from Agricultural and Applied Economics Association Contact information at EDIRC. (No. 149834). Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
22
Soltani, A. (2009). Crop Production Ecology. Department of Agronomy (Course notes) Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources. (in Persian)
23
Soltani, A. (2007). Application of SAS in statistical analysis. Mashhad Jahad Daneshgahi Press, Mashhad, Iran. (in Persian)
24
Yarnia, M. & Piroozkhah, S. (2011). Effect of potassium levels on tolerance to drought stress in rapeseed. Regional Eco physiological conference of crops, Shoushtar, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar Branch. https://www.civilica.com/Paper-SHOUSHTARECO01-SHOUSHTARECO01_050.html. (in Persian)
25
Zare, M., Bazrafshan F. & Mostafavi, K. (2012). Competition of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars with weeds. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11(16), 1378-1385. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/AJB11.1909AJOL African Journals Online.
26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Rapeseed seed viability reaction to priming treatments and drying conditions of primed seeds
To investigate the effects of drying methods (desiccation treatment), heat shock and osmotic stress treatments on the viability of primed seeds from different rapeseed cultivars, an experiment was conducted in 2017-2018 at the Seed Research Laboratory of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. In this study, seeds of three canola cultivars i.e. Dk-xpower, Teraper and Hayola50, which had observed priming treatments, were exposed to desiccation, heat shock and osmotic stress treatments. Thereafter, to investigate the effects of different treatments, the treated seeds were subjected to controlled deterioration test. Finally, after fitting the three-parameter logistic model to germination percentage during controlled deterioration test, time for decrease of germination to 50% was Calculated and used as the criterion for comparing seed viability. Results showed that the response of rapeseed cultivars to different treatments were different. Also, priming methods and different treatments in drying phase of primed seeds, displayed different effects on seeds' lifespan. In general, heat shock treatments were found efficient in Dk-xpower and Traper cultivars as they increased seeds' lifespan. In contrast, osmotic stress treatments often had negative effects on seed viability in all canola cultivars. Even, "osmopriming" and subsequent slow drying of primed seeds had more negative effects than "hydroperiming" associated with fast drying methods.
https://jci.ut.ac.ir/article_74401_d764328e73b3aeec879d84b014b1f499.pdf
2020-03-20
27
42
10.22059/jci.2019.285535.2245
Controlled deterioration test
drying methods
Heat Shock
Hydropriming
Osmopriming
storage
mohsen
malek
mohsenmalek866@yahoo.com
1
Former M.Sc. Student, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Recourses, Gorgan, Iran
AUTHOR
Farshid
Ghaderi-Far
farshidghaderifar@yahoo.com
2
Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Benjamin
Torabi
ben_torabi@yahoo.com
3
Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
AUTHOR
HamidReza
sadeghipour
h.r.sadeghipour@yahoo.com
4
Associate Professor, Department of Biology, Faculty of Scinces, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
AUTHOR
Abdolahi, M., Andelibi, B., Zangani, E., Shekari, F. & Jamaati-e-Somarin, S. (2012). Effect of accelerated aging and priming on seed germination of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences, 3, 499-508.
1
Alivand, R., Tavakkol Afshari, R. & Sharifzadeh, F. (2013). Investigation of rapeseed (Brassica napus) seed germination and forecasting of seed deterioration under different storage conditions. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science, 44, 69-83. (in Persian)
2
Argerich, C. A., Bradford, K. J. & Tarquis, A. M. (1989). The effects of priming and ageing on resistance to deterioration of tomato seeds. Journal of Experimental Botany, 40(5), 593-598. DOI: 10.1093/jxb/40.5.593.
3
Belmont, J., Sánchez-Coronado, M. E., Osuna-Fernández, H.R., Orozco-Segovia, A. & Pisanty, I. (2018). Priming effects on seed germination of two perennial herb species in a disturbed lava field in central Mexico. Seed Science Research, 28(1), 63-71. DOI: 10.1017/S0960258518000016.
4
Bewley, J.D., Bradford, K.J. Hilhorst, H.W.M. & Nonagaki, H. (2013). Seeds: physiology of development, germination and dormancy, 3th Edition. Springer. New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London, Switzerland. 392pp.
5
Bruggink, G., Ooms, J. & Van der Toorn, P. (1999). Induction of longevity in primed seeds. Seed Science Research, 9(1), 49-53.
6
Bujalski, W. & Nienow, A. (1991). Large-scale osmotic priming of onion seeds: a comparison of different strategies for oxygenation. Scientia Horticulturae, 46(1-2), 13-24. DOI: 10.1016/0304-4238 (91)90088-G.
7
Butler, L., Hay, F., Ellis, R., Smith, R. & Murray, T. (2009). Priming and re-drying improve the survival of mature seeds of Digitalis purpurea during storage. Annals of Botany, 103(8), 1261-1270. DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcp059.
8
Balouchi, H. R., Bagheri, F., Kayednezami, R., Movahedi, D.M. & Yadavi, A.R. (2014). Effect of seed aging on germination and seedling growth indices in three cultivars of Brassica napus L. Iranian Journal of Plant Researches, 26, 397-411. (In Persian).
9
Chen, K. & Arora, R. (2013). Priming memory invokes seed stress-tolerance. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 94, 33-45. DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2012.03.005.
10
Chiu, K., Chen, C. & Sung, J. (2002). Effect of priming temperature on storability of primed sh-2 sweet corn seed. Crop Science, 42(6), 1996-2003.
11
Copeland, L.O. & McDonald, M.B. (2001). Principles of seed science and technology. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands. pp. 278-281.
12
Dearman, J., Brocklehurst, P. & Drew, R. (1986). Effects of osmotic priming and ageing on onion seed germination. Annals of Applied Biology, 108(3), 639-648. DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7348.1986.tb02003.x.
13
Debaene-Gill, S.B., Allen, P.S. & White, D.B. (1994). Dehydration of germinating perennial ryegrass seeds can alter rate of subsequent radicle emergence. Journal of Experimental Botany, 45(9), 1301-1307. DOI:10.1093/jxb/45.9.1301.
14
Demir, I., Ermis, S. & Okcu, G. (2005). Effect of dehydration temperature and relative humidity after priming on quality of pepper seeds. Seed Science and Technology, 33(3), 563-569. DOI: 10.15258/sst.2005.33.3.04.
15
Ellis, R. & Hong, T. (1994). Desiccation tolerance and potential longevity of developing seeds of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Annals of Botany, 73(5), 501-506.
16
Ellis, R. & Hong, T. (2007). Quantitative response of the longevity of seed of twelve crops to temperature and moisture in hermetic storage. Seed Science and Technology, 35(2), 432-444. DOI: 10.15258/sst.2007.35.2.18.
17
Farhoudi, R., Sharifzadeh, F., Poustini, K., Makkizadeh, M. & Kochak Por, M. (2007). The effects of NaCl priming on salt tolerance in canola (Brassica napus) seedlings grown under saline conditions. Seed Science and Technology, 35(3), 754-759. DOI: 10.15258/sst.2007.35.3.23.
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Farooq, M., Basra, S., Afzal, I. & Khaliq, A. (2006). Optimization of hydropriming techniques for rice seed invigoration. Seed Science and Technology, 34(2), 507-512. DOI: 10.15258/sst.2006.34.2.25.
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21
Gorzin, M., Ghaderi-Far, F., Zeinali, E., Razavi, S.E. & Monyan Ardestani, M. (2015). The role of planting date, foliar application of benomyl fungicide and potassium silicate in increasing seed quality of soybean cv. Williams. Journal of Crops Improvement, 1 (17), 139-153. (In Persian)
22
Gurusinghe, S., Powell, A. L. & Bradford, K. J. (2002). Enhanced expression of BiP is associated with treatments that extend storage longevity of primed tomato seeds. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 127(4), 528-534. DOI: 10.21273/JASHS.127.4.528.
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27
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28
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29
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32
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33
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40
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45
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46
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of mycorrhiza and humic acid application on physiological traits, yield and water use efficiency of cotton under water deficit stress conditions
In order to evaluate the effect of irrigation, humic acid and mycorrhiza application on physiological traits, yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of cotton, an experiment was carried out as a factorial split-plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in the research farm of Islamic Azad University of Birjand, Iran in 2016. Three irrigation levels (40, 70 and 100 percent of water requirement or PWR) were as the main plot and the combination of two mycorrhiza levels (non- application and application) and two humic acid levels (0 and 10 L. ha-1) were considered as sub-plot. The results showed that mycorrhiza application in conditions of supplying 100 and 70 PWR for the plant significantly increased the chlorophyll index, stomatal conductance, number of boll per m2 and yields of cotton, but the highest increase in these traits was observed in conditions of supplying 70 PWR. Also, the highest WUE in 70 PWR and application of mycorrhiza treatment was obtained.Generally, mycorrhiza application more effectively than the application of humic acid improved physiological traits, yield and WUE of cotton.The results showed that considering the WUE and economic yield of cotton, supplying 70 PWR and mycorrhiza application for this plant in Birjand can be considered.
https://jci.ut.ac.ir/article_74402_0fc918c260e8ee265e854936cc40d672.pdf
2020-03-20
43
55
10.22059/jci.2019.282993.2228
Biological and organic fertilizer
Irrigation
Number of boll
Oil
Stomatal conductance
Seyyed Gholamreza
Moosavi
s_reza1350@yahoo.com
1
Seyyed Gholamreza Moosavi
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abdelraheem, A., Esmaeili, N., Connell, M. & Zhang, J. (2019). Progress and perspective on drought and salt stress tolerance in cotton. Industrial Crops & Products, 130, 118-129. https://doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.12.070
1
Allen, R.G., Pereira, L.S., Raes, D., & Smith, M. (1998). Crop evapofranspiration. FAO Irrigation and Drainage, Paper 56. Rome, Italy: Food and Agricultural Organization of the UN.
2
Ameri, A. & Tehranifar, A. (2012). Effect of humic acid on nutrient uptake and physiological characteristic Fragaria ananassa. Journal of Biological and Environmental Sciences, 6(16), 77-79. https:// doi: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2014.1049.54
3
Amerian, M. R., Yousefsani, M.S. & Koocheki, A. (2014). Effects inoculation of mycorhizae species and irrigation levels impacts on growth criteria, yield and water use efficiency of corn (Zea mays L.). Journal of Agroecology, 6(1), 152-161. (in Persian)
4
Askari, A., Ardekani, M. R., Vazan, S., Paknejad, F. & Hossein, Y. (2019). Effect on mycorrhizal fungi symbiosis and priming on yield and yield components of sesame seeds at levels of drought stress. Journal of Agroecology, 10(4), 229-1244. (in Persian)
5
Basal, H., Sezener, V., Canavar, O., Kızılkaya, K. & Dagdelen, N. (2014). Effects of water stress and plant density on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars differing in maturity and seed size: I. Yield components and fiber quality parameters. International Journal of Agriculture Innovations Research, 3(3), 755-760.
6
Bitterlich, M., Franken, P. & Graefe, J. (2018). Arbuscular mycorrhiza improves substrate hydraulic conductivity in the plant available moisture range under root growth exclusion. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9:301-309. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.00301
7
Buasri, A., Chaiyut, N. & Loryuenyong, V. (2012). Transesterification of waste frying oil for synthesizing biodiesel by KOH supported on coconut shell activated carbon in packed bed reactor. Science Asia, 38, 283-288. https://doi: 10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2012.38.283
8
Canellas, L. P., Olivares, F. L., Aguiar, N. O., Jone,s D. L., Nebbioso, A., Mazzei, P. & Piccolo, A. (2015). Humic and fulvic acids as biostimulants in horticulture. Scientia Horticulturae, 196, 15-27.
9
Ebrahim, M. (2017). Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on chemical constituents in cotton/alfalfa mixed culture. Agriculture (Poľnohospodárstvo), 63(2), 67-73. https://doi: 10.1515/agri-2017-0006
10
Fallahi, H. R., Ghorbani, M., Aghhavani-Shajari, M., Samadzadeh, A., Khayyat, M., Maraki, Z. & Asadian, A. H. (2017). Effects of irrigation management, mycorrhizal inoculation and humic acid application on color characteristics of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) dried sepals. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences, 10(4), 571- 582. (in Persian)
11
Gholinezhad, E. & Darvishzadeh, R. (2015). Effect of mycorrhizal fungi on yield and yield components of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) landraces under different irrigation levels. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 25(3), 119-135. (in Persian)
12
Hussein, F., Janat, M., & Yakoub, A. (2011). Assessment of yield and water use efficiency of drip-irrigated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) as affected by deficit irrigation. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 35, 611-621. https://doi: 10.3906/tar-1008-1138
13
Jahan, M., Ghalenoee, Sh., Khamooshi, A. & Amiri, M. B. (2015). Evaluation of some agroecological characteristics of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) as affected by simultaneous application of water-saving superabsorbent hydrogel in soil and foliar application of humic acid under different irrigation intervals in a lowinp. Journal of Horticulture Science, 29(2), 240-254. https://doi: 10.22077/ESCS.2017.720.1146
14
Jahangiri Nia, E., Syyadat, A., Koochakzadeh, A., Sayyahfar, M. & Moradi Telavat, M. R. (2017). The effect of vermicompost and mycorrhizal inoculation on grain yield and some physiological characteristics of soybean (Glycine max L.) under water stress condition. Journal of Agroecology, 8(4), 83-597.
15
Hatami, H. (2017). The effect of zinc and humic acid applications on yield and yield components of sunflower in drought stress. Journal of Advanced Agricultural Technologies, 4(1), 36-39.
16
Khaitov, B. & Teshaev, S. (2015). The effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi on cotton growth and yield under salinated soil condition. Cotton Genomics and Genetics, 6(3), 1-5.
17
Khan, H. U., Link, W., Hocking, T. & Stoddard, F. (2007). Evaluation of physiological traits for improving drought tolerance in faba bean (Vicia faba L.) Plant and Soil, 292(1-2), 205-217. https://doi: 10.1007/s11104-007-9217-5
18
Khosravi, A. (2015). Effect of irrigation interval, foliar application of methanol and plant density on morphophysiology traits, yield and yield components of cotton. M.Sc. dissertation, Faculty of Agriculture, Azad University of Birjand, Iran. (in Persian)
19
Miller, M. H. (2000). Arbuscular mycorrhizae and the phosphorus nutrition of maize: Areview of Guelph studies. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 80, 47-52. https://doi: 10.4141/P98-130
20
Osman, A. S., & Rady, M. M. (2012). Ameliorative effects of sulphur and humic acid on the growth, antioxidant levels and yields of pea (Pisum sativum L.) plants grown in reclaimed saline soil. Journal Horticulture Sciences and Biotechnology, 87, 626-632. https://doi: 10.1080/14620316.2012.11512922
21
Pereira, L. S., Paredes, P., Sholpankulov, E. D., Inchenkova, O. P., Teodoro, P. R. & Horst, M. G. (2009). Irrigation scheduling strategies for cotton to cope with water scarcity in the Fergana Valley, Central Asia. Agricultural Water Management, 96(5), 723-735. https://doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2008.10.013
22
Rady, M.M., Abd El-Mageed, T.A., Abdurrahman, H.A. & Mahdi, A.H. (2016). Humic acid application improves field performance of cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) under saline conditions. The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 26(2), 487-493.
23
Rafiei, M., Karimi, M., Noormohamadi, G. & Nadian, H. A. (2009). Effects of drought stress and zinc and phosphorus rates on some morphological traits and physiological of grain corn. Crop Physiology Journal, 1(1), 58-66. (in Persian)
24
Raghara, H. (2014). Effect of water deficit stress and application of humic and salicylic acid on physiological traits, yield and yield components of corn. M.Sc. Thesis, Department of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Birjand Branch, Birjand, Iran. (in Persian)
25
Rejali, F., Alizadeh, A., Malekoti, M. J. & Saleh Rastin, N. (2008). Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Relationship on Growth, yield and Mineral Intake of Wheat under Drought Stress, Iranian Journal of Soil Research, 21(2), 241-259. (in Persian)
26
Salehi, B., Bagherzadeh, A. & Ghasemi, M. (2010). Effect of humic acid on growth, yield and yield components traits of three variety of Lycopersicon esculentum L. Agroecology Journal, 2(4), 640-647. (in Persian)
27
Saleem, M.F., Anjum, S.A., Shakeel, A., Ashraf, M.Y. & Khan, H. Z. (2009). Effect of row spacing on earliness and yield in cotton. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 41(5), 2179-2188.
28
Sapeta, H., Miguel Costa, J., Lourenco, T., Maroco, J., van der Linde, P. & Oliveira, M. (2013). Drought stress response in Jatropha curcas: Growth and physiology. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 85, 76-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2012.08.012
29
Siskhani, A. (2014). Effect of zinc and silicium nano on yield and agronomic traits of cotton under water stress conditions. M.Sc. thesis, Department of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Birjand Branch, Birjand, Iran. (in Persian)
30
Shahhosseini, Z., Gholami, A. & Asghari Asghari, H. (2012). Effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza and humic acid on water use efficiency and physiological growth indices of maize under water deficit condition. Arid Biome, 2(1), 39-57. (in Persian)
31
Snowden, G., Ritchie, G. & Thompson, T. (2013). Water use efficiency and irrigation response of cotton cultivars on subsurface drip in West Texas. The Journal of Cotton Science, 17, 1-9.
32
Zhang, D., Luo, Z., Liu, S., Li, W., Tang, W. & Dong, H. (2016). Effects of deficit irrigation and plant density on the growth, yield andfiber quality of irrigated cotton. Field Crops Research, 197, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2016.06.003
33
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigating the effect of biofertilizers on growth indices of maize (Zea maze) in lead (Pb) contaminated soils
In order to investigate the effect of biofertilizers on growth characteristics of maize (Zea mays L.) in lead contaminated soils, a experiment was conducted in a greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture, Zanjan University in 2015, Factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design (CRD) in 3 Replication. The treatments included soil contamination levels of lead (0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg / kg soil), and inoculation with different bio-fertilizers was including phosphate solubilizing bacteria, Glomus museae mycorrhiza and the Glomus Intardis mycorrhiza. The measured factors included: leaf chlorophyll index, plant height, fresh and dry weight of root and shoot, and phosphorus and potassium of root and shoot. The results indicated that application of bio-fertilizers significantly increased leaf chlorophyll index, plant height, potassium, phosphorus, and weight of root and shoot significantly compared to control treatment. Glomus fungus and + solubilizing bacteria (M + P) improved the leaf chlorophyll content and plant height by 11.93% and 21.89%, respectively. With increasing levels of soil contamination to lead, leaf chlorophyll index significantly decreased. In general, the results showed that soil inoculation with biological fertilizers can be reduce the harmful effects of lead in plant growth.
https://jci.ut.ac.ir/article_74403_5f368271fbb4fa649b5a976255c62d80.pdf
2020-03-20
57
72
10.22059/jci.2019.283277.2230
Contaminated soils
Lead (Pb)
Mycorrhizal fungi
Phosphate solubilizing bacteria
Zea mays
fatemeh
rostami
fatemeh_rostami1990@yahoo.com
1
Former M.Sc. Student, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
AUTHOR
moslem
heydari
m_heydari4066@yahoo.com
2
Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ahmad
golchin
golchin@znu.ac.ir
3
Professor, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran
AUTHOR
Abbaspour, A., Kalbasi, M., Haj Rasooliha, SH. & Golchin, A. (2010). Survey of contamination of some Iranian agricultural soils with cadmium and lead, 13th Congress of Soil Science, Tehran-Soil Conservation and Watershed Research Center. University of Tehran. (in Persian)
1
Aliasgharzad, N., Neyshabouri, M. & Salimi, G. (2006). Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Bradyrhizobium japonicum on drought stress of soybean. Biologia, 61(19), S324-S328. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-006-0182-x.
2
Amanifar, S., Asgharzadeh, N.A., Najafi, N., Ostan, Sh. V. & Bolandnazar, S. (2011). Effect of mycorrhizal fungi on lead phytoremediation by sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.). Water and Soil Science, 22, 16-1. (in Persian)
3
Andrade, S.A.L., Abreu, C.A., De Abreu, M.F. & Silveira, A.P.D. (2004). Influence of lead additions on arbuscular mycorrhiza and Rhizobium symbioses under soybean plants. Applied Soil Ecology, 26(2), 123-131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2003.11.002
4
Ansari, A., Razmjoo, J., Karim Majani, H. & M., Zarei, (2014). Effect of mycorrhizal inoculation and pre-treatment with salicylic acid at different levels of drought on morphological factors on Brassica napus. Journal of Crop Production and Processing, 4(12), 181-194. (in Persian)
5
Auge, R. M. (2011). Water relations, drought and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Mycorrhiza, 11(1), 3-42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s005720100097
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7
Bashan, Y. & Holguin, G. (1997). Azospirillum–plant relationships: environmental and physiological advances (1990–1996). Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 43(2), 103-121. DOI: 10.1139/m97-015
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9
Casson, S. A. & Lindsey, K. (2003). Genes and signalling in root development. New Phytologist, 158(1), 11-38. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00705.x
10
Chen, B.D., Li, X.L., Tao, H. Q., Christie, P. & Wong, M.H. (2003). The role of arbuscular mycorrhiza in zinc uptake by red clover growing in a calcareous soil spiked with various quantities of zinc. Chemosphere, 50(6), 839-846. DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(02)00228-x
11
Dalvand, M., Hamidian, A. H., Zare Chahouki, M. A., Motesharrezadeh, B., Mirjalili, A. A. & Esmaeilzadeh, E. (2015). Determination of the concentration of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn and Mn) in shoots of Artemisia sp. in natural lands of Darreh Zereshk copper mine, Taft, Yazd. Journal of Range and Watershed Management, 8(6), 219-229. (in Persian)
12
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13
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14
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15
Gajewska, E., Słaba, M., Andrzejewska, R. & Skłodowska, M. (2006). Nickel-induced inhibition of wheat root growth is related to H2O2 production, but not to lipid peroxidation. Plant Growth Regulation, 49(1), 95-103. doi:10.1007/s10725-006-0018-2
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18
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19
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20
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21
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22
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23
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24
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25
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26
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27
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44
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46
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Response of biochemical traits and relative water content of two bread and durum wheat cultivars to silicon spraying under water stress conditions
In order to study the effect of silicon on biochemical traits, leaf relative water content and yield of two bread and durum wheat cultivars under late season water stress conditions, a split factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design was conducted in three replicates during 2017-2018 growing season. Treatments included of water stress in two levels included normal irrigation and water stress at the end of flowering, silicon (Si) spraying at 0, 1, 2, and 3 mM and two wheat cultivars consisted of Chamran as bread wheat and Shabrang as durum wheat. The results showed that the main effects of late seasonal water stress, cultivar and silicon on leaf relative water content (RWC), total chlorophyll, carotenoid content and yield were significant. Under water stress conditions, when plants exposed to 3 mM silicon RWC increased 50% compared to no silicon application conditions. Grain protein under water stress conditions and 3 mM silicon was 59.3% higher than no silicon condition. Also, total chlorophyll content and carotenoid content under water stress conditions and application of 3 mM silicon increased 42.5 and 44.9%, respectively. In Chamran cultivar, application of silicon at 3 mM increased total chlorophyll content, carotenoid content, RWC and grain protein 40, 43, 42 and 56.4%, respectively, which caused 19.7% increase in grain yield compared to Shabrang cultivar under water stress conditions. In general, foliar application of 3 mM silicon by improving total chlorophyll content, carotenoid content and RWC can play an important role in increasing yield under water stress conditions.
https://jci.ut.ac.ir/article_74485_596dedc87f362321c93dc8d043593a1c.pdf
2020-03-20
73
87
10.22059/jci.2020.286091.2249
Grain protein
Carotenoid
Total chlorophyll
Chamran cultivar
Spike number
Biological yield
Sodabeh
Reza Beighi
sodarezabeigi1372@gmail.com
1
M.Sc. Student, Agroecology Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Ehsan
Bijanzadeh
bijanzd@shirazu.ac.ir
2
Associate Professor, Agroecology Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Alizadeh, A. (1999). Soil-water-plant relationship. Fredowsi Univ. Press. P, 279- 280. (in Persian)
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50
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of growth phytohormones and different concentrations of plant derived smoke applications on growth characteristics and biological yield of medicinal plants Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) and Basil (Ocimum basilicam)
Farmers have traditionally used fire and smoke in various parts of agriculture. Several studies have reported that smoke bioactive components acts as a new family of plant growth regulators. In order to evaluate and explore the potential of smoke-water as a phytohormone on growth characteristics and biological yield of medicinal plants of basil and lemon balm an experiment was conducted as a split plot based on complete randomized block design with three replications. This experiment was conducted in research greenhouse of Razi University in 2017. In this study, eight factors were including four concentrations smoke-water (included 1:5000, 1:1000, 1:500 and 1:100 (v/v)) accompanying with cytokinin, auxin and gibberellic acid (each of them with concentration 50 µM) and control were assigned to the main plots and two harvest stages were assigned to the sub plots. Results indicated that the gibberellic acid significantly increased basil canopy height in comparison to others treatments. While the maximum canopy height in lemon balm was obtained from smoke-water at concentrations of 1:500 (v/v). Foliar-application with cytokinin resulted in the highest leaf area index in both plants compared to control. Eventually the highest biomass yield in basil and lemon balm was obtained from smoke-water at concentrations of 1:100 (v/v) that has increased by 52 and 39 percent, respectively, compared with control. In the current study applying high level of smoke-water foliar (1:100 and 1:500 (v/v)) induced on growth characteristics and biological yield, similar to phytohormone treatments especially cytokinin.
https://jci.ut.ac.ir/article_73677_d97c97c6e5608dcc6c85cca7382d782b.pdf
2020-03-20
89
102
10.22059/jci.2019.280801.2211
"Auxin"
"cytokinin"
"gibberellin"
"growth characteristics"
"karrikinolide"
"smoke water"
faride
noroozi shahri
fnoroozish@gmail.com
1
Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Faculty of Science and Agricultural Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
AUTHOR
Saeid
Jalali Honarmand
sjhonarmand@yahoo.com
2
Associate Professor, Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Faculty of Science and Agricultural Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
mohsen
saeidi
msaeidi667@gmail.com
3
Associate Professor, Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Faculty of Science and Agricultural Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
AUTHOR
farzad
mondani
f.mondani@razi.ac.ir
4
Assistant Professor of Ecology of Plants, Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. E-mail address: f.mondani@razi.ac.ir
AUTHOR
Abdelgadir, H. A., Kulkarni, M. G., Aremu, A. O. & Van Staden, J. (2013). Smoke-water and karrikinolide (KAR1) foliar applications promote seedling growth and photosynthetic pigments of the biofuel seed crop Jatropha curcas L.. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 175(5), 743-747. https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.201200488.
1
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2
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3
Aremu, O., Plackova, L., Novak, O., Strik, W. A., Dolezal, K. & Van Staden, J. (2016). Cytokinin profiles in ex vitro acclimatized Eucomis autumnalis plants pre-treated with smoke-derived karrikinolide. Plant Cell Reports, 35, 227-238. doi: 10.1007/s00299-015-1881-y.
4
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6
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7
Chiwocha, S. D., Dixon, K. W., Flematti, G. R., Ghisalberti, E. L., Merritt, D. J., Nelson, D. C., Riseborough, J. M., Smith, S. M. & Stevens, J. C. (2009). Karrikins: a new family of plant growth regulators in smoke. Plant Science, 177, 252-256. DOI:10.1016/j.plantsci.2009.06.007.
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9
Dixon, K., Merritt, D., Flematti, G. & Ghisalberti, E. (2009). Karrikinolide–a phytoreactive compound derived from smoke with applications in horticulture, Ecological Restoration and Agriculture. Proceedings of the VI International Symposium on New Floricultural Crops, 813, 155-170. DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2009.813.20.
10
Flematti, G. R., Waters, M. T., Scaffidi, A., Merritt, D. J., Ghisalberti, E. L. Dixon, K. W. & Smith, S. M. (2013). Karrikin and cyanohydrin smoke signals provide clues to new endogenous plant signaling compounds. Molecular Plant, 6(1), 29-37. https://doi.org/10.1093/mp/sss132.
11
Garnica, M., Houdusse, F., Zamarreño, A. M. & Garcia-Mina, J. M. (2010). The signal effect of nitrate supply enhances active forms of cytokinins and indole acetic content and reduces abscisic acid in wheat plants grown with ammonium. Journal of Plant Physiology, 167, 1264-1272. doi: 10.1016/j.jplph.2010.04.013.
12
Govindaraj, M., Masilamani, P., Alex Albert, V., and Bhaskaran, M. (2016). Plant derived smoke stimulation for seed germination and enhancement of crop growth: A review. Agricultural Reviews, 37(2), 78-100. DOI: 10.18805/ar.v37i2.10735.
13
Hayat, S. & Ahmad, A. (2003). Soaking seeds of Lens culinaris with 28‐homobrassinolide increased nitrate reductase activity and grain yield in the field in India. Annals of Applied Biology, 143, 121-124. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.2003.tb00276.x.
14
Hayat, S., Ahmad, A., Mobin, M., Fariduddin, Q. & Azam, Z. (2001). Carbonic anhydrase, photosynthesis, and seed yield in mustard plants treated with phytohormones. Photosynthetica, 39, 111-114. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012456205819.
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Jain, N., Stirk, W. A. & Van Staden, J. (2008). Cytokinin-and auxin-like activity of a butenolide isolated from plant-derived smoke. South African Journal of Botany, 74, 327-331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2007.10.008.
16
Jamil, M., Kanwal, M., Aslam, M. M., Kahn, S. U., Malook, I., Tu, J. & Rehman, S. U. (2014). Effect of plant-derived smoke priming on physiological and biochemical characteristics of rice under salt stress condition. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 8(2), 159-170.
17
Jana, S., Sivanesan, I. & Jeong, B. R. (2013). Effect of cytokinins on in vitro multiplication of Sophora tonkinensis. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 3, 549-553. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(13)60111-2Kahn, P., Rehman, S., Jamil, M., Irfan, S., Waheed, M. A., Aslam, M. M., Kanwal, M. & Shakir, S. K. (2014). Alleviation of Boron stress through plant derived smoke extracts in Sorghum bicolor. Journal of Stress Physiology and Biochemistry, 10(3), 153-165.
18
Khan, N. (2003). Comparative effect of modes of gibberellic acid application on photosynthetic biomass distribution and productivity of rapeseed-mustard. Physiology And Molecular Biology Of Plants, 9, 141-145.
19
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20
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26
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29
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32
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35
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37
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38
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40
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of shadow and different levels of nitrogen on growth and essential oil content of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.)
Peppermint is an important medicinal and aromatic plant which its oil content varies from one region to another region and as a function of fertilization, shadow, irrigation, and photoperiod. In order to study the effect of different levels of shadow and nitrogen on growth and oil performance of this plant, a factorial experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design with three replications in the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan during the 2014-2015 cropping season. The experimental factors were, shadow factor in four levels (S0: without shadow, S25: 25%, S50: 50%, and S75: 75% shadow) and nitrogen factor as Urea in four levels (N1: without nitrogen, N2:60, N3:120, and N4:180 mg N/kg). The results showed that the highest number of leaves per plant (936), leaf surface area (1688mm2), chlorophyll index (51.32), essential oil content (2.455%), and essential oil yield (0.37 g/box) were obtained from the S25N3 treatment. The highest shoot dry weight was measured in the S50N4 treatment and the S25N3 treatment with 8.36% difference stood in the second place. The highest leaf dry weight was observed in S25N3 (11.55 g/box). Treatments applied to plant height and numbers of branches were not significantly affected. Therefore, to obtain the highest concentration and performance of essential oil in peppermint, as well as to increase the number of leaves per plant and leaf surface area for marketable and edible consumption, the use of 25% shadow and the application of 120 mg/kg nitrogen are recommended.
https://jci.ut.ac.ir/article_73862_e1bd045940511533f60eadaba1e682a2.pdf
2020-03-20
103
117
10.22059/jci.2019.280170.2206
Chlorophyll
dry weight
Leaf area
Light
Urea
Ahmad
Golchin
agolchin2011@yahoo.com
1
Professor, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran
AUTHOR
Faezeh
Farahmand Mofrad
faa.farahmand@bonnychow.ir
2
Former M.Sc. Student, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Abhar Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
AUTHOR
Nader
Khadem Moghadam Igdelou
nader.khadem@znu.ac.ir
3
Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
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8
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19
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20
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25
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26
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27
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34
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36
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37
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42
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43
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44
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45
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigating the effects of Glycine betaine on growth and flower yield of Damask Rose under salinity stress
In order to investigate the effect of glycine betaine (GB) on some growth and yield traits of Damask Rose, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on a completely randomized design with 3 replications at Research Greenhouse of National Salinity Research Center during 2018-19 growing season. The treatments were four levels of salinity: 2 (control), 5, 8 and 11 dS/m and three levels of GB: without application (control), spraying with 50 mM and 100 mM concentrations. The results showed that the main effect of salinity stress was significant on all studied characteristics, except branch number per plant and petal number. Moreover, the main effect of GB was significant on all measured traits, except branch number per plant, petal number, height and petal weight/flower weight ratio. The most flower number per plant, flower yield and essential oil yield were observed in stressed plants at 2, 5 and 8 dS/m salinity, had more 7.5 flower, 29.5 g flower weight per plant and 6 mg essential oil per plant than 11 dS/m, respectively. The interaction results between salinity stress and foliar application of glycine betaine showed that the treated plants with 2 dS/m and 100mM GB had the highest height (71 cm) and the treated plants with 10 dS/m and without application of GB had the lowest height (40 cm). In general, using 50 mM GB and without salinity stress caused the highest Damask Rose weight.
https://jci.ut.ac.ir/article_74486_668adbba416fedd015937468d816f803.pdf
2020-03-20
119
134
10.22059/jci.2020.287265.2257
Essential oil
Essential oil yield
osmoprotectants
petal
spraying
Rostam
YazdaniBiouki
yazdani.agroecology@gmail.com
1
Assistant Professor, National Salinity Research Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Yazd, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hossein
Beyrami
beyrami.h@hotmail.com
2
Assistant Professor, National Salinity Research Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Yazd, Iran
AUTHOR
Abdelmotlb, N.A., Abdel-All, F.S., Abd EL-Hady S.A., EL-Miniawy, S.M. & Ghoname, A.A. (2019). Glycine betaine and sugar beet extract ameliorated salt stress adverse effect on green bean irrigated with saline water. Middle East Journal of Applied, 9(1), 142-154.
1
Adak, N. (2019). Effects of glycine betaine concentrations on the agronomic characteristics of strawberry grown under deficit irrigation conditions. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 17(2), 3753-3767. https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1702_37533767
2
Alasvandyari, F., Mahdavi, B. & Madah Hosseini, S. (2017). Glycine betaine affects the antioxidant system and ion accumulation and reduces salinity-induced damage in safflower seedlings. Archives of Biological Sciences, 69(1), 139-147. https://doi.org/10.2298/ABS160216089A
3
Ali, E.F., Bazaid, S.A. & Hassan, F.A.S. (2014). Salinity tolerance of taif roses by gibberellic acid (GA3). International Journal of Science and Research, 3(11), 184-192. https://doi.org/10.2298/ABS160216089A
4
Annunziata, M.G., Ciarmiello, L.F., Woodrow, P., Dell’Aversana, E. & Carillo, P. (2019). Spatial and temporal profile of glycine betaine accumulation in plants under abiotic stresses. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00230
5
Armin, M. & Miri, H.R. (2014). Effects of glycine betaine application on quantitative and qualitative yield of Cumin under irrigated and rain-fed cultivation. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 17(4), 708-716. https://doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.2014.884949
6
Asgari, F., Motarashaezadeh, B. & Kalatehjari, S. (2017). Investigation the effect of silicon on morphological and physiological characteristics of (Rosa chinensis var.minima) Meillandina prince. 4th Internatonal conference on applied research in chemistry science and biology, p. 12. (in Persian)
7
Baniasadi, F., Safari, V. & Maghsoudimod, A. A. (2015). Effect of putrescine and salinity on morphological and biochemical traits and pigment content of marigold plant (Calendula officinalis L.). Journal of Science and Technology of Greenhouse Culture Soilless Culture Research Center, 6(1), 125-134. (in Persian)
8
Cabrera, R.I. (2003). Demarcating salinity tolerance in greenhouse roses. Acta Horticulture, 609, 51-57. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2003.609.5
9
Cabrera, R.I. & Perdomo, P. (2003). Reassessing the salinity tolerance of greenhouseroses under soilless production conditions. HortScience, 38, 533-536. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.38.4.533.
10
Cai, X., Niu, G., Starmana, T. & Hall, C. (2014). Response of six garden roses (Rosa × hybrida L.) to salt stress. Scientia Horticulturae, 168, 27-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2013.12.032
11
Cha-Um, S. & Kirdemanee, C. (2015). In Vitro Flowering of Miniature Roses (Rosa x hybrida L. 'Red Imp') in Response to Salt Stress. European Journal of Horticultural Science, 75(6), 239-245.
12
Dehghan, A. & Rahimmalek, M. (2018). The effect of salt stress on morphological traits and essential oil content of Iranian and foreign yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) genotypes. Journal of Science and Technology of Greenhouse Culture, 9(2), 23-38. (in Persian)
13
Ebrahimi, M. & Sharifzadegan, H. (2016). Introduce of principles of Golmohammadi planting. Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ministry of Agriculture-Jihad, p. 20. (in Persian)
14
Einset, J. & Connolly, E.L. (2009). Glycine betaine enhances extracellular processes blocking ROS signaling during stress. Plant Signaling & Behavior, 4(3), 197-199. https://doi.org/10.4161/psb.4.3.7725
15
Giri, J. (2011). Glycinebetaine and abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Plant Signaling & Behavior, 6(11), 1746-1751. https://doi.org/10.4161/psb.6.11.17801
16
Ibrahim, A.H. (2004). Efficacy of exogenous glycine betaine application on sorghum plants grown under salinity stress. Acta Botanica Hungarica, 46(3), 307-318. https://doi.org/10.1556/ABot.46.2004.3-4.5
17
Kadkhodaie, H., Sodaeizadeh, H., Mosleh arani, A. (2014). The effects of exogenous application of glycine betain on growth and some physiological characteristics of Brossica napus under drought stress in field condition. Desert Ecosystem Engineering Journal, 3(4), 79-90.
18
Kaya, C., Sonmez, O., Aydemir, S., Dikilitas, M. (2013). Mitigation effects of glycinebetaine on oxidative stress and some key growth parameters of maize exposed to salt stress. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 38, 188-194. https://doi.org/10.3906/tar-1205-18
19
Khayarbadi, E. & Armin, M. (2014). Salinity stress mitigation by glycin in peppermint (Boago officinalis.). M.Sc. dissertation. Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary. Islamic Azad University of Sabzevar Branch Iran. (in Persian)
20
Li, X., Wan, S., Kang, Y., CHen, X. & Chu, L. (2016). Chinese Rose (Rosa chinensis) Growth and Ion Accumulation un- der Irrigation with Waters of Different Salt Contents. Agricultural Water Management, 163, 180-189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2015.09.020
21
Masumi, Z., Zandi, P. & Tabaei Aghdaei, S.R. (2014).The quantity and quality of essential oil, yield and yield components of seven genotypes of rose (Rosa damascene Mill.) in Fars Province. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 30(1), 186-197. (in Persian)
22
Moghbeli Mehni Dareroodi, A., Delbari, M. & Koohi, N. (2016). Investigation of Vegetative and Reproductive Characteristics of Damask Rose in Different Irrigation Regimes through Surface and Subsurface Drip Irrigation. Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research, 46(4), 673-683. (in Persian)
23
Mortezainajad, F., Khavarinajad, R.A. & Emami, M. (2005). Evaluation of some performance parameters and proline rice varieties under salt stress. New Agricultural Science, 2(4), 65-70. (in Persian)
24
Murmu, K., Murmu, S., Kumar Kundu, C. & Sekhar Bera, P. (2017). Exogenous proline and glycine betaine in plants under stress tolerance. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 6(9), 901-913. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.609.109
25
Nazarolmolk, E., Zahedi, B. & Zeinali, H. (2017). Relations between flower yield and its components in 10 genotypes of damask rose in Golpayegan. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science, 48(2),243-249. https://doi.org/ 10.22059/ijhs.2017.127919.801
26
Safi, M., Fardous, A., Muddaber, M., EL-Zuraiqi, S., AL-hadidi, L. & Bashabshehah, I. (2005). Effect of Treated Saline Water on Flower Yield and Quality of Roses Rosa hybrida and Carnation Dianthus caryophyllus. ScienceAsia, 31, 335-339. https://doi.org/10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2005.31.335
27
Sakamoto, A. & Murata, N. (2002). The role of glycine betaine in the protection of plants from stress: clues from transgenic plants. Plant, Cell & Environment, 25, 163-171. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0016-8025.2001.00790.x
28
Shahbani, Z., Khosh-Khui, M., Salehi, H., Kafi, M., Kamgar Haghighi, A.A. & Eshghi, S. (2018). Effects of salinity stress on morphological and physiological characteristics of miniature rose (Rosa chinensis Jacq. var. minima Rehd.), Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, 19(1), 41-52. (in Persian)
29
Showler, A.T. & Castro, B.A. (2010). Influence of drought stress on Mexican rice borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) oviposition preference in sugarcane. Crop Protection, 28, 722-727. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2009.07.014
30
Sobahan, M.A., Akter, N., Murata, Y. & Munemasa, S. (2016). Exogenous proline and glycinebetaine mitigate the detrimental effect of salt stress on rice plants. Silpakorn University Science and Technology Journal, 10(3), 38-43.https://doi.org/10.14456/sustj.2016.11
31
Tabaei-aghdaei, S.R., Rezaee, M.B. & Jaymand, K. (2003). Evaluate the variation in components flowers and essential oil yield Damask rose genotypes in Kashan. Iranian Rangelands and Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research, 11(2), 219-234. (in Persian)
32
Vadizadeh, P., Sarajoughi, M. & Mir Taheri, S.M. (2017). Study of salicylic acid and glycine effect on some agronomic traits of Alfalfa under wet stress conditions. Journal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, 13(2), 2-14. (in Persian)
33
Yildirim, E., Ekinci, M., Turan, M., Dursun, A., Kul, R. & Parlakova, F. (2015). Roles of glycine betaine in mitigating deleterious effect of salt stress on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 61(12), 1673-1689. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/03650340.2015.1030611.
34
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of chemical and none chemical fertilizer on rosemary dry matter in competition with weeds
In order to determine the rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) dry matter and weeds under different fertilizer sources, an experiment was conducted as a split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University in 2016. The treatments consisted of: competition between plants and weeds (weedy check and weed free) as the main factor, and sub factor was fertilizer sources included sheep manure, vermicompost, sheep manure + vermicompost, NPK chemical fertilizer (N 46%, P2O5 46%, K2O 50%), NPK nano fertilizer and control (no fertilizer). The results showed that interference with weeds caused rosemary shift the maximum dry matter to the upper layers of canopy (20-40 cm). While in weed free treatment, rosemary had higher ability and uniformity in dry matter distribution in the two primary canopy layers compared to competition with weeds. In this regard, vermicompost treatment was successful with a mean of 49.51 g plant-1. Studies on density and weed biomass showed that the use of vermicompost (treatment 2) reduced density and biomass of weeds, while the chemical fertilizer caused the highest weed density and biomass. The results showed that the use of organic fertilizers such as vermicompost, not only reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and do not have environmental consequences, but also have the high ability to suppress weeds growth and decrease weed density and biomass.
https://jci.ut.ac.ir/article_73943_e944feb3c34f18c9b7ee72fe2f236ecf.pdf
2020-03-20
135
148
10.22059/jci.2019.282463.2224
Biomass
Competitive stress
Canopy structure
Density
Medicinal plant
maryam
sadegh
msadegh7189@gmail.com
1
M.Sc. Student, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
AUTHOR
Faezeh
Zaefarian
fa_zaefarian@yahoo.com
2
Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Vahid
Akbarpour
v_akbarpour60@yahoo.com
3
Assistant Professor, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Crop Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
AUTHOR
mostafa
emadi
mostafaemadi@gmail.com
4
Assistant Professor, Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Crop Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
AUTHOR
Abbasi, H., Aghaalikhani, M. & Hamzei, J. (2015). Interaction between black plastic mulch, irrigation interval and biofertilizers on weeds biomass and yield of naked-seeds pumpkin. Agroecology, 5(1), 102-113. (in Persian)
1
Aghaalikhani, M., Zaefarian, F., Zand, E., Rahimian Mashhadi, H. & Rezvani, M. (2009). Corn and soybean intercropping canopy structure as affected by competition from redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retrofelxus L.) and jimson weed (Datura stramonium L.). Iranian Journal of Weed Science, 5, 39-53. (in Persian)
2
Ahmad Abadi, Z., Ghajar Sepanlou, M. & Rahimi Alashti, S. (2012). Effect of vermicompost on physical and chemical properties of soil. Iranian Journal of Water and Soil Sciences, 15(58), 125-137. (in Persian)
3
Ahmadvand, G., Nasiri Mahallati, M. & Koocheki, A. (2006a). Effect of light competition and nitrogen fertilizer on (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivars to weed competition. Iranian Journal of Weed Science, 6(2), 91-105. (in Persian)
4
Ahmadvand, G., Nasiri Mahallati, M. & Kouchaki, A.R. (2006b). Effect of light competition and nitrogen fertilizer on canopy structure of wheat and wild oat. Bimonthly Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 12(6), 100-112. (in Persian)
5
Ali, K., Arif, M., Ullah, W., Ahmad, W., Khan, M., Ayeni, L., Amin, M. & Jehangir, M. (2015). Influence of organic and inorganic amendments on weeds density and chemical composition. Pakistan Journal of Weed Science Research, 21, 47-57.
6
Aminpanah, H., Soroush zadeh, A., Zand, A. & Momeni, A. (2010). Investigation of light extinction coefficient and canopy structure of more and less competitiveness of rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.) against barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.). Crop Production, 2(3), 69-84. (in Persian)
7
Azizi, M., Rezwanee, F., Hassanzadeh Khayat, M., Lackzian, A. & Neamati, H. (2008). The effect of different levels of vermicompost and irrigation on morphological properties and essential oil content of german chamomile (Matricaria recutita). Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 24(1), 82-93. (in Persian)
8
Behdarvand, P., Chinchanikar, G. & Dhumal, K. (2012). Influences of different nitrogen levels on competition between spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.). Journal of Agricultural Science, 4(12), 134-139. DOI:10.5539/jas.v4n12p134
9
Blackshaw, R.E. (2005). Nitrogen fertilizer, manure, and compost effects on weed growth and competition with spring wheat. Agronomy, 97, 1612-1621. DOI: 10.2134/agronj2005.0155
10
Blackshaw, R.E., Brandt, R.N., Janzen, H.H., Entz, T., Grant, C.A. & Derksen, D.A. (2003). Differential response of weed species to added nitrogen. Weed Science, 51, 532-539.
11
Brainard, D.C., Bellinder, R.R. & Ditommaso, A. (2005). Effects of canopy shade on the morphology, phenology, and seed characteristics of powell amaranth (Amaranthus powellii). Weed Science, 53, 175-186. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1614/WS-04-067R1
12
Calkins, J.B. & Swanson, B. (1995). Comparison of conventional and alternative nursery weed management strategies. Weed Technology, 9(4), 761-767. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0890037X00024179
13
Caton, B.P., Mortimer, A.M., Foin, T.C., Hill, J.E., Gibson, K.D. & Fischerà, A.J. (2001). Weed shoot morphology effects on competitiveness for light in direct-seeded rice. Weed Research, 41, 155-163. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3180.2001.00228.x
14
Celiktas, O.Y., Kokabas, E.E.H., Bedir, E., Sukan, F.V., Ozek, T. & Baser, K.H.C. (2007). Antimicrobial activities of methanol extracts and essential oils of rosmarinus officinalis L. depending on location and seasonal variation. Food Chemistry, 100, 553-559. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.10.011
15
Chamanabad, H.R.M., Ghorbani, A., Asghari, A., Tulikov, A.M. & Zargarzadeh, F. (2009). Long-term effects of crop rotation and fertilizers on weed community in spring barley. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 33, 315-323. DOI: 10.3906/tar-0712-47
16
Davis, A. & Liebman, M. (2001). Nitrogen source influences wild mustard growth and competitive effect on sweet corn. Weed Science, 49, 558-566. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1614/0043-1745(2001)049[0558:NSIWMG]2.0.CO;2
17
Delfih, M.R., Modarres Sanavi, A.M. & Farhoudi, R. (2015). Effect of different nitrogen nutritional systems on yield and competition ability of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) against mallow (Malva spp.). Weed Research, 7(2), 71-86. (in Persian)
18
Dhimia, K. & Eleftherohorinos, I. (2005). Wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) competition with three winter cereals as affected by nitrogen supply. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 191, 241-248. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-037X.2005.00152.x
19
Dianat, M., Rahimian Mashhadi, H., Alizadeh, H.M. & Zand, E. (2005). Evaluation of important traits in competitive ability of wheat cultivars (Teriticum aestivum L.) against rye (Secale cereal). Pajouhesh and Sazandegi, 71, 58-66. (in Persian)
20
Ghalambaz, S., Aynehband, A. & Moezzi, A.A. (2013). Evaluation of relation between weed population and nitrogen use efficiency in wheat as affected by integrated fertilizer management. Agroecology, 5(4), 473-482. (in Persian)
21
Gity, S. & Raoofy, M. 2017. Yield, essential oil and some morphological characteristics of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) influenced by hand weeding and plant density. Journal of Agricultural Sciences sustainable production, 27(1), 13-23. (in Persian)
22
Huggins, D.R. & Pan, W.L. (2003). Key indicators for assessing nitrogen use efficiency in cereal-based agroecosystems. Journal of Crop Production, 8(1-2), 157-186. https://doi.org/10.1300/J144v08n01_07
23
Mafakheri, S. (2017). Effect of some organic and chemical fertilizers on morphological and biochemical factors of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.). Plant Productions, 40(3), 27-40. (in Persian)
24
Massinga, R.A., Currie, R.S., Horak, M.J. & Boyer, J. (2001). Interference of palmer amaranth in corn. Weed Science, 49, 202-208. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1614/0043-1745(2001)049[0202:IOPAIC]2.0.CO;2
25
Moaveni, P. (2010). Medicinal plants. First volume, Islamic Azad University, Ghods, Islamic Republic of Iran. 87-78 p. (in Persian)
26
Moechnig, M.J., Boerboom, C.M., Stoltenberg, D.E. & Binning, L.K. (2003). Growth interactions in communities of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album), giant foxtail (Setaria faberi) and corn. Weed Science, 51, 363-370. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1614/0043-1745(2003)051[0363:GIICOC]2.0.CO;2
27
Mosier, D.G. & Oliver, L.R. (1995). Common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) and entireleaf momingglory (Ipomoea hederacea Var. integriuscula) interference on soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Weed Science, 43, 239-246.
28
Nasri, S. (2012). A review of the antinociceptive use of medicinal plants in iran. Journal of Islamic and Iranian Traditional Medicine, 3(3), 293-310. (in Persian)
29
Rahimi, A., Rahimian Mashhadi, H., Agha Alikhani, M. & Karimi kalaleh, M. (2006). Investigation of dry matter in canopy orientation in corn (Zea mays L.) and pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) in competition condition. The First Iranian Weed Science Congress, Tehran, Iran. 25-26 January 2006 p 354-359. (in Persian)
30
Raoofy, M., Khanjani, M., Daneshian, J. and Giti, S. 2014., Integrated weed management in perennial Alfalfa and theirs effects on soil’s micro fauna. International Journal of Farming and Allied Science, 3: 340-435.
31
Regnier, E.E. & Stoller, E.W. (1989). The effects of soybean interference on the canopy architecture of common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium), jimsonweed (Datura stramonium) and velvetleaf (Abutilon thephrasti). Weed Science, 37: 187-195. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043174500071769
32
Rezvani, M., Zaefarian, F. & joveini, M. (2010). Response of canopy structure of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivars to weed competition. Iranian Weed Science, 6(2), 91-105. (in Persian)
33
Sahoo, S. (2001). Conservation and utilization of medicinal and aromatic plants. Allied publishers, New Delhi, India, p 423.
34
Sajadinik, R. & Yadavi, A.R. (2013). Effect of nitrogen fertilizer, vermicompost and nitroxin on growth indices, phenological stages and grain yield of sesame. Crop production, 6(2), 73-100. (in Persian)
35
Samaey, M., Akbary, A. & Zand, E. (2006). The study of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) competition and density effects on morphological characteristics, yield and yield components of soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivars. Journal of Agricultural Sciences (Islamic Azad University), 12, 41-55. (in Persian)
36
Smith, H. (1982). Light quality, photoreception and plant strategy. Annual Review of Plant Physiology, 33, 481-518. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pp.33.060182.002405
37
Traore, S., Mason, S.C., Martin, A.R., Mortensen, D.A. & Spotanski, J.J. (2003). Velvetleaf interference on yield and growth of grain sorghum. Agronomy Journal, 95, 1602-1607.
38
Yaghoubi, S.R., Aqa Alikhani, M. & Zand, A. 2012. Effect of the timing of emergence of seedling on morphological characteristics and seed production of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) in competition with sunflower (Helianthus annus L.). Iranian Journal of Crop Science, 13(1), 32-48. (in Persian)
39
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Correlation of Nutrient Content, Activity of Phenylpropanoid Pathway Enzymes and Secondary Metabolites in Two Iranian Red Flesh Apple Genotypes and Red delicious Cultivar on Different Rootstocks
In order to study the role of fruit tree rootstocks on nutrient content in leaves of two Iranian red flesh apple genotypes and to determine the correlation of nutrients with different secondary metabolites, this study was conducted in Research Garden of Horticultural Sciences of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad during 2017-2019. The rootstocks that used were two dwarfing rootstocks, M9 and B9 and one red flesh apple colony rootstock of Bekran which were tested in a factorial randomized complete block design. The results of this study showed that the rootstock had a significant effect on nitrogen and phosphorus content in leaf samples of two red flesh apple genotypes and Red delicious cultivar, also, rootstock, scion and their interaction had a significant effect on potassium, iron, calcium and zinc content of leaf samples. The effect of B9 on the amount of all elements of scion leaves was negative and the effect of M9 was positive in all cases. The results showed that PAL enzyme activity was positively correlated with nitrogen, potassium, calcium, iron and zinc. Anthocyanin synthesis was also positively correlated with nitrogen content (0.47). The results showed that the amount of potassium, calcium and iron were highly correlated with UFGT activity. Total flavonoid content was also significantly correlated with calcium and zinc (-0.64 and -0.45, respectively) that these effects could be due to the participation of some of these nutrients as cofactors in enzyme activity and or precursors of phenolic compounds and secondary metabolites.
https://jci.ut.ac.ir/article_74225_2ea5364b202b606ef0a704a48db78e4b.pdf
2020-03-20
149
163
10.22059/jci.2019.285103.2243
Anthocyanin
Red flesh apples
phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL)
secondary metabolites
Apple rootstocks
Tahereh
Parvaneh
par1330@gmail.com
1
Instructor, Horticulture Crops Research Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Semnan Province (Shahrood), AREEO, Shahrood, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Bahram
Abedi
abedy@um.ac.ir
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Horticulture, Agriculture Faculty, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
Gholam Hossein
Davarynejad
davarynej@um.ac.ir
3
Professor, Department of Horticulture, Agriculture Faculty, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Ebrahim
Ganji Moghadam
eganji@hotmail.com
4
Associate Professor, Horticulture Crops Research Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Khorasan Razavi, AREEO, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Abdalla, O. A., Khatamian, H. & Miles, N.W., (1982). Effect of rootstocks and interstems oncomposition of ‘Delicious’ apple leaves. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 107, 730-733.
1
Aguirre, P. B., Al-Hinai, Y. K., Roper, T. R. & Krueger, A. R. (2001). Apple tree rootstock and fertilizer application timing affect nitrogen uptake. HortScience, 36(7), 1202-1205.
2
https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.36.7.1202
3
Awad, M. A., de Jager, A. & van Westing, L. M. (2000). Flavonoid and chlorogenic acid levels in apple fruit: characterisation of variation. Scientia Horticulturae, 83(3-4), 249-263. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4238(99)00124-7
4
Bongue Bartelsman, M. & Phillips, D. A. (1995). Nitrogen stress regulates gene expression of enzymes in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway of tomato [anthocyane]. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. (France)
5
Boyer, J. & Liu, R.H. (2004). Apple phytochemicals and their health benefits. Nutrition Journal, 3(1), 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-3-5
6
Bradford, M. (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Annual Biochemystry, 72, 248.
7
Chagné, D., Lin-Wang, K., Espley, R. V., Volz, R. K., How, N. M., Rouse, S., Brendolise, C., Carlisle, C.M., Kumar, S., De Silva, N., Micheletti, D. & Micheletti, D. (2013). An ancient duplication of apple MYB transcription factors is responsible for novel red fruit-flesh phenotypes. Plant Physiology, 161(1), 225-239. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.112.206771
8
Chen, X. S., Zhang, J., Liu, D. L., Ji, X. H., Zhang, Z. Y., Zhang, R., Mao, Z.Q., Zhang, Y.M., Wang, L.X. & Li, M. (2014). Genetic variation of F1 population between Malus sieversii f. neidzwetzkyana and apple varieties and evaluation on fruit characters of functional apple excellent strains. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 47(11), 2193-2204.
9
Close, D.C., Beadle, C.L., Brown, P.H. & Holz, G.K. (2000). Cold-induced photoinhibition affects establishment of Eucalyptus nitens (Deane and Maiden) Maiden and Eucalyptusglobulus Labill. Trees, 15(1), 32-41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004680000070
10
Ibrahim, M., Jaafar, H., Karimi, E. & Ghasemzadeh, A. (2012). Primary, secondary metabolites, photosynthetic capacity and antioxidant activity of the Malaysian Herb Kacip Fatimah (Labisia pumila Benth) exposed to potassium fertilization under greenhouse conditions. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 13(11), 15321-15342. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms131115321
11
D’Abrosca, B., Pacifico, S., Cefarelli, G., Mastellone, C. & Fiorentino, A. (2007). ‘Limoncella’apple, an Italian apple cultivar: Phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity. Food Chemistry, 104(4), 1333-1337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.01.073
12
Dedaldechamp, F., Uhel, C. & Macheix, J. J. (1995). Enhancement of anthocyanin synthesis and dihydroflavonol reductase (DFR) activity in response to phosphate deprivation in grape cell suspensions. Phytochemistry, 40(5), 1357-1360. https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00480-U
13
Faramarzi, Sh., Yadollahi, A., Hajnajari, H., Shojaeean, A. & Damyar, S. (2014). Study of morphological characteristics of Iranian red-fleshed apples vs. some Iranian landraces and commercial cultivars. Journal of Crops Improvement, 16 (1)1-10. (in Persian)
14
Fallahi, E., Chun, I. J., Neilsen, G. H. & Colt, W. M. (2001). Effects of three rootstocks on photosynthesis, leaf mineral nutrition, and vegetative growth of “BC-2 Fuji” apple trees. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 24(6), 827-834. https://doi.org/10.1081/PLN-100103776
15
Gerats, A.G.M., Bussard, J., Coe, E.H. & Larson, R. (1984). Influence of B and Pl on UDPG: Flavonoid-3-O-glucosyltransferase in Zea mays L. Biochemical Genetics, 22(11-12), 1161-1169. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00499639
16
Giusti, M.M. & Wrolstad, R.E. (2001). Characterization and measurement of anthocyanins by UV-visible spectroscopy. In: Wrolstad, R.E. (Ed.), Current Protocols in Food Analytical Chemistry. John Wiley & Sons, New York. Unit F1. 2.1-13. https://doi.org/10.1002/0471142913.faf0102s00
17
Higgs, K.H. & H.G. Jones. (1991). Water relations and cropping of apple cultivars on a dwarfing rootstock in response to imposed drought. Journal of Horticultural Sciences, 66, 367-379. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221589.1991.11516164
18
Jones, O.P. (1971). Effects of rootstocks and interstocks on the xylem sap composition in apple trees: effects on nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content. Annuals of Botany, 35(4), 825-836. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a084526
19
Ju, Z., Liu, C. & Yuan, Y. (1995). Activities of chalcone synthase and UDPGal: flavonoid-3-o-glycosyltransferase in relation to anthocyanin synthesis in apple. Scientia Horticulturae, 63(3-4), 175-185. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4238(95)00807-6
20
Karadeniz, F., Burdurlu, H. S., Koca, N. & Soyer, Y. (2005). Antioxidant activity of selected Ruits and vegetables grown in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 29, 297-303.
21
Kondo, S., Tsuda, K., Muto, N. & Ueda, J. E. (2002). Antioxidative activity of apple skin or flesh extracts associated with fruit development on selected apple cultivars. Scientia Horticulturae, 96(1-4), 177-185. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4238(02)00127-9
22
Li, W., He, P. & Jin, J. (2009). Potassium influenced phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, peroxidases and polyphenol oxidases in Fusarium graminearum infected maize (Zea mays L.). Proceedings of the International Plant Nutrition Colloquium XVI; Davis, CA, USA.
23
Malakoti, M. J. & Tabatabaei, S. J. (2001). Innovative Approaches to Balanced Nutrition of Fruit Tree. Sana Publications, Tehran, Iran. 654 pp. (in Persian)
24
Matros, A., Amme, S., Kettig, B., Buck‐Sorlin, G. H., Sonnewald, U. W. E. & Mock, H. P. (2006). Growth at elevated CO2 concentrations leads to modified profiles of secondary metabolites in tobacco cv. SamsunNN and to increased resistance against infection with potato virus Y. Plant, Cell & Environment, 29(1), 126-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2005.01406.x
25
McCallum, J.A. & Walker, J.R.L. (1990). Phenolic biosynthesis during grain development in wheat: changes in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity and soluble phenolic content. Journal of Cereal Science, 11, 35-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0733-5210(09)80179-3.
26
Moharrami R., Rabiei V., Amiri M.E. & Azimi M.R. (2011). Rootstock Effects on some Charateristics of Apple cv. Delbarstival. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal, 27(3), 323-337. (in Persian)
27
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The effect of the frequency of fertigation and foliar application of potassium sulfate on some vegetative, reproductive, physiological characteristics and nutrient elements of strawberry cv. Paros in soilless culture system
In soilless culture, lack of correct management in fertigation causes stress in plants due to restricted root volume and low water holding capacity of substrate. The present study aimed to assess managing the fertigation practice and foliar application of potassium sulfate in soilless culture of strawberry cv. paros. A factorial experiment was conducted with two factors including fertigation frequency at three levels (1, 4 and 10 times per day) and foliar application with potassium sulfate at three levels of concentration (0 as control, 1 and 2 g/L). The experiment was carried out based on a complete randomized design with three replications in Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan. Results indicated that increasing the fertigation frequency up to four times a day led to a significant increase in dry weight of shoot and root, number of fruits, concentration of chlorophyll a and b, leaf relative water content and leaf Ca and Mg content. The highest values of leaf area, fruit weight, number of inflorescence as well as potassium and iron content of leaf and root were obtained by 10 times of fertigation per day. Potassium sulfate foliar application with concentration of 1 g/L had the most effect on leaf area as well as shoot, root and fruit dry weight, vegetation index increased in plants treated with 2 g/L potassium sulfate compared with those without any foliar application treatment. The highest content of leaf soluble carbohydrates belonged to the plants treated with once-a-day fertigation and foliar application of 2 g/L potassium sulfate.
https://jci.ut.ac.ir/article_73860_869d7f560ce8534421fe14cda4740516.pdf
2020-03-20
165
179
10.22059/jci.2019.278036.2186
Foliar Application
Hydroponics
Nutrient Solution
photosynthesis
potassium
mohammad reza
malekzadeh shamsabad
mmalekzadeh92@gmail.com
1
M.Sc. Student, Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-E- Asr University, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Majid
Esmaeilizadeh
esmaeilizadeh@vru.ac.ir
2
Associate Professor, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-E- Asr University, Kerman, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hamidreza
roosta
roosta@vru.ac.ir
3
Professor, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-E- Asr University, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
fatemeh
nazoori
fatemehnazoori@yahoo.com
4
Assistant Professor, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-E- Asr University, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
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