ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of atrazine anti-transpiration application on improving physiological traits, yield and yield components of safflower under rainfed condition
In order to possibility of improving physiological traits, yield and yield components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius cv. sina) by anti-transpiration application in rainfed condition, a research was carried out in factorial based on randomized complete block design (RCDB) with three replications in Miyaneh region (East Azarbaijan province - Iran) in 2011. The treatments antitranspirant rate were zero (control), 80, 120 and 160 g a.i.ha-1. The antitranspirant application time was at elongation, flowering and seed filling stages. The results showed that there were significant differences between treatments in all studied traits. Applying atrazine at 80 and 120 g a.i.ha-1 specially in flowering stage by providing plant favorite conditions such as reducing canopy temperature, increasing photosynthesis and chlorophyll content, improved yield and yield components comparing to rainfed stressed condition. Applying atrazine at 160 g a.i.ha-1 did not improve growth but acted as a growth inhibitor. The highest and lowest number of prolific capitol, number of seed in capitol and also grain yield were obtained at 120 g a.i.ha-1 in flowering time and 160 g a.i.ha-1 in elongation time, respectively.
https://jci.ut.ac.ir/article_29497_a8605f10970d3e1c9ea21b51af5c3160.pdf
2013-01-20
1
16
10.22059/jci.2013.29497
Atrazine
Canopy temprature
Chlorophyll
Photosynthesis rate
Safflower
Hamid
Bagheri
mjhamid62@yahoo.com
1
دانشآموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان
LEAD_AUTHOR
Babak
Andalibi
andalibi@znu.ac.ir
2
استادیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان
AUTHOR
Mohammad Reza
Azimi moghaddam
mjhamid622@yahoo.com
3
استادیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان
AUTHOR
1 . آروین م. ج. و بهرامینژاد ع (1386) مطالعه اثر ماده ضدتعرق آترازین بر مقدار محصول ارقام سیبزمینی تحت شرایط خشکی. نهمین سمینار سراسری آبیاری و کاهش تبخیر. کرمان. صص. 92-85.
1
2 . اشکانی ج (1381) تعیین مقاومت به خشکی ارقام گلرنگ پاییزه و ارزیابی برخی شاخصهای مقاومت به خشکی. دانشگاه شیراز. شیراز. پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد.
2
3 . امام ی. و ایلکایی ن (1381) اثر تراکم و کلرمکوات کلراید بر خصوصیات و عملکرد دانه کلزای پاییزه رقم ‘تلایه’. علوم زراعی. 4(1): 8-1.
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5 . حاجیزاده ا (1381) ارزیابی وضعیت دانههای روغنی در نظام اقتصادی ملی. صنعت گیاهان روغنی. 45 ص.
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7 . سرمدنیا غ. و کوچکی ع (1368) جنبههای فیزیولوژیکی زراعت دیم (ترجمه). انتشارات جهاددانشگاهی مشهد. 462 ص.
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8 . عشقیزاده ح. ر. و احسانزاده پ (1388) نمود ذرت هیبرید تحت رژیمهای متفاوت آبیاری: فلورسانس کلروفیل، رشد و عملکرد دانه. دانش کشاورزی. 40(2): 145-153.
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Camara JM and Madrid R (2010) Effect of foliar application of antitranspirant on photosynthesis and water relations of pepper plants under different levels of CO2 and water stress. Plant Physiology. 167: 1232-1238.
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55
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effects of nitrogen and harvesting date on fertilizer use efficiency and qualitative and quantitative yield of sorghum bicolor
In order to study the influence of nitrogen and different harvesting dates on sorghum yield, a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design was conducted with three replications in 2010 at the Research Farm of Islamic Azad University, Ardabil branch. Factors were: different harvesting dates in three levels containing, beginning of flowering, two and four weeks after beginning of flowering and nitrogen fertilizer in four levels (zero, 60, 120 and 180 kg N.ha-1). The results showed that maximum of forage yield was obtained by the plots which were applied 180 kg N.ha-1 in four weeks after beginning flowering and the least of it was in no application of nitrogen fertilizer in beginning of flowering. Means comparison showed that the highest nitrogen use efficiency was obtained by the plots which was applied 60 kg N.ha-1 in four weeks after beginning flowering and the least of it was in application of 180 kg N.ha-1 × beginninig of flowering. Maximum of stem and leaf protein was obtained in the highest of nitrogen fertilizer rates. It seems that in order to increasing of forage yield, should be applied 180 kg N.ha-1 × four weeks after beginning flowering in climate conditions of Ardabil. If the aim is to improve nitrogen use efficiency, then applying 60 kg N.ha-1 in four weeks after beginning flowering can be suggested.
https://jci.ut.ac.ir/article_29498_58d99ef8e465223466d5d7fcb9b2e915.pdf
2013-01-20
17
30
10.22059/jci.2013.29498
Fertilizer use Efficiency
Forage yield
Harvesting date
nitrogen fertilizer
Sorghum
Roushan
Jafari
raouf_ssharifi4@yahoo.com
1
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد میانه، میانه
AUTHOR
Raouf
Seyed sharif
raouf_ssharifi@yahoo.com
2
دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ali Akbar
Imani
raouf_ssharifi3@yahoo.com
3
استادیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اردبیل، اردبیل
AUTHOR
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1
2 . سیدشریفی ر. و حکمعلیپور س (1389) زراعت گیاهان علوفهای. انتشارات دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی و عمیدی تبریز. 585 ص.
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4: 379-382.
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USA. Iowa State.
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long-term crop rotation and fertilizer treatment. Agronomy. 68: 227-280.
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and Basilico JC (2007) Global science, forage quality: Techniques for testing. 123 p.
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of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on growth, yield and quality of forage maize (Zea mays L.). Agronomy. 5: 513-518.
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19 . Firdous R, Gilani AH, Barque AR and Akram M (1996) Effect of stage of growth and cultivars on chemical composition of whole maize plant and its morphological fractions. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Science. 33: 54-58.
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20 . Garavetta G, Cherney JH and Johnson JD (1990) Within-row spacing influences on diverse sorghum genotype. II. Dry matter, yield and forage quality. Agronomy. 82: 210-215.
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23 . Goodroad LL and Jellum MD (1988) Effect of N fertilizer rate and soil pH on N efficiency in corn. Plant and Soil. 106: 85-89.
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27 . Karasu A, Oz M, Bayram G and Turgut I (2009)
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The effect of nitrogen levels on forage yield and some attributes in some hybrid corn (Zea mays indentata Sturt.) cultivars sown as second crop for silage. Africian Journal of Agriculture Research. 4: 166-170.
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28 . Keskin B, Akdeniz H, Yilmaz IH and Turan N (2005) Yield and quality of forage corn (Zea mays L.) as influenced by cultivars and nitrogen rates. Agronomy. 4: 138-141.
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29 . Khalid M, Ahmad I and Yub M (2003) Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on the fodder yield and quality of two sorghum cultivars (Sorghum bicolor L.). International Journal of Agriculture Biology. 1: 61-63.
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30 . Khaitri YO and Vanderlip RL (1992) Grain sorghum and pearl millet response to date and rate of Planting. Agronomy. 84: 579-582.
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31 . Man NV and Wiktorsson H (2003) Forage yield, nutritive value, feed intake and digestibility of three grass species as affected by harvest frequency. Tropical Grasslands. 37: 101-110.
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32 . Minsoon RC and Cooper M (1998) Sorghum hybrid differences in grain yield and nitrogen concentration under low soil nitrogen availability. II. Hybrids with contrasting phenology. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research. 49: 1277-86.
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33 . Mir JJ, Westfall DG and Croissant RL (1996) Fertilizing grain and forage sorghum. Soil. Crop Series. No.10.540. Colorado State Univiversity. Cooperative Extension. Ft. Collins, CO.
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34 . Moll RH, Kampreth EJ and Jackson WA (1982) Analysis and interpretation of factors which contribute to efficiency of nitrogen utilization. Agronomy. 74: 562-564.
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35 . Owen FG and Moline WJ (1970) Sorghum for forage. In: J. S. Wall and W. M. Ross (ed.) Sorghum production and utilization. West port Connecticut, Avi pub. co. Pp. 382-415.
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36 . Pal MS, Singh OP and Malik HPS (1996) Nutrient uptake pattern and quality of sorghum L. Sorghum bicolor Moench genotypes as influenced by fertility levels under rainfed condition. Tropical Agriculture. 73: 6-9.
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37 . Quidel HA, Helms RS and Younis H (1989) Effect of nitrogen fertilization and plant populations on yield and quality of sweet sorghum. Field Crop (Abstract). 42: 1725-1725.
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38 . Rahman M, Fukai S and Blamey FPC (2001)
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Forage production and nitrogen uptake of forage sorghum, grain sorghum and maize as affected by cutting under different nitrogen levels. Proceeding of the Australian Agronomy Conference, Australian Society of Agronomy. 522 p.
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39 . Raun WR and Johnson GV (1999) Improving nitrogen use efficiency for cereal production. Agronomy. 91: 357-363.
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40 . Reddy BVS, Reddy PS, Bidinger F and Blummel M (2003) Crop management factors influencing yield and quality of crop residues. Field Crops Research. 84: 57-77.
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41 . Ruat MS and Ali M (1987) Productivity of forage sorghum as influenced due to nitrogen and phosphorus under rainfed condition on vertisol of Burdelkhand tract. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 21(3): 171-174.
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42 . Sasha A and Bhatia K (1997) Effect of weather on response of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) to long term fertilizer application through cluster analysis. Indian Journal of Agronomy Science. 67: 184-188.
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43 . Siam HS, Abd-El-Kader GM and El-Alia HI (2008) Yield and yield components of maize as affected by different sources and application rates of nitrogen fertilizer. Research Journal of Agricultural Biology Science. 4(5): 399-412.
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44 . Shedrick RD (1971) Traits of sorghum for forage the grass land research institute Hurley, male den heat. Berks, Technical Report. No. 9.
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45 . Thurman RL, Stallcup OT and Reames CE (1960) Quality factors of sorghum as silage crops. University of Arkansas Bulletin. 632 p.
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46 . Tariq MM, Ayub M, Elahi AH, Ahmad M, Chaudhary N and Nadeem MA (2011) Forage yield and some quality attributes of millet (Pennisetum americannum L.) hybrid under various regimes of nitrogen fertilization and harvesting dates. African Journal of Agricultural Research. 6(16): 3883-3890.
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47 . Tolera A and Sundstol F (1999) Morphological fractions of maize stover harvested at different stages of grain maturity and nutritive value of different fractions of the stover. Animal Feed Science Technology. 81: 1-16.
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48 . Twidwell EK, Johnson KD, Cherney JH and Violence JJ (1988) Forage quality and digestion kinetics of switchgrass herbage and morphological components. Crop Science. 28: 778-782.
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49 . Wilman D and Rezvani Moghaddam B (1998) In vitro digestibility and neutral detergent fibre and lignin content of plant parts of nine forage species. Agricultural Science. Cambridge. 131: 51-58.
59
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of potassium fertilizer on yield of three cultivars of watermelon under salt stress conditions
To investigate the effect of K fertilizer on yield and yield components of three watermelon cultivars, a two-year study (2007-2008) was conducted in Ardestan Agricultural Research Center (Isfahan province) by using of split plot randomized based on complete block design in three replications. Three watermelon cultivars (‘Sugar baby’, ‘Charleston Grey’ and ‘Mahbubi’), were assigned as main plots and four K fertilizer levels (zero, 50, 100, and 150 kg K.ha-1) were assigned as subplots. Two and three times higher than consumption of K fertilizer (100 and 150 kg K.ha-1) in compared to normal conditions (without salinity), led to a 24.8 and 18.5 percent increase in yield of ‘Charlston Gray’ and ‘Sugar Baby’, respectively. The highest fruit yield (39112 kg.ha-1), was obtained using 150 kg K.ha-1 in ‘Charleston Gray’ cultivar. Potassium applications at all levels, increased fruit number in ‘Sugar Baby’ and fruit weight in ‘Charleston Gray’, were considered as the main reason for increasing yield. By increasing of K application, the ratio of Na/K in the leaves from 0.61 to 0.33 and in the stems from 0.81 to 0.4 was decreased. The results indicated that in saline conditions, higher levels of K fertilizers can reduce the deleterious effects of salinity and thus may improve watermelon yield.
https://jci.ut.ac.ir/article_29499_db064c2f39f82bbbd49afe5d03f5a06d.pdf
2013-01-20
31
41
10.22059/jci.2013.29499
Leaf
Na/K ratio
Rind thickness
salt stress
Total soluble solid
Amir hooshang
Jalali
jalali51@yahoo.com
1
استادیار، بخش تحقیقات نهال و بذر، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اصفهان، اصفهان
LEAD_AUTHOR
Peyman
Jafari
peimanjafari@yahoo.com
2
مربی پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات نهال و بذر، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اصفهان، اصفهان
AUTHOR
1 . آمارنامه کشاورزی (1388) جلد اول: محصولات زراعی. معاونت برنامهریزی و اقتصادی، دفتر آمار و فناوری اطلاعات وزارت جهاد کشاورزی. 136 ص.
1
2 . میرزاپور م. ه.، خوشگفتار منش ا. ح.، میرنیا خ.، بهرامی ح. و نایینی م. ر (1382) اثرهای متقابل منیزیم و پتاسیم بر رشد و عملکرد آفتابگردان در یک خاک شور. علوم خاک و آب. 17(2): 12-1.
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3 . Bhandal IS and Malik CP (1988) Potassium estimation, uptake, and its role in the physiology and metabolism of flowering plants. International Review of Cytology. 110: 205-254.
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4
5 . Colla G, Rouphael Y, Cardarelli M and Rea E (2006) Effect of salinity on yield, fruit quality, leaf gas exchange, and mineral composition of grafted watermelon plants. HortScience. 41: 622-627.
5
6 . Cuin TA, Miller AJ, Laurie SA and Leigh RA (2003) Potassium activities in cell compartments of
6
salt-grown barley leaves. Experimental Botany. 54: 657- 661.
7
7 . FAO (2000) Global network on integrated soil management for sustainable use of salt affected soils. Country species salinity issues, Iran. FAO, Rome, Available on http://www.fao,org/ag/agl/agll/spush/ degrad.asp?
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8 . FAO (2006) Water use, by sector and by source. AQUASTAT information system on water in agriculture available on: http://www.fao.org/ag/agl/aglw/aquastat/ dbase/index.stm.
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10
10 . Grimes DW, Yamada H and Hughes SW (1987) Climate-normalized cotton leaf water potentials for irrigation scheduling. Agricultural Water Management. 12: 293-304.
11
11 . Gusmini G and Wehner TC (2005) Foundations of yield improvement in watermelon. Crop Science.
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45: 141-146.
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12 . Gusmini G, Shultheis JR and Wehner TC (2004) Rind thickness watermelon cultivars for use in pickle production. HortTechnology. 14: 540-545.
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13 . Hernandez J, Jimenez A, Mullineaux AE and Sevilla E (2000) Tolerance of pea to long-term salt stress is associated with induction of antioxidant. Plant Cell and Environment. 23: 853-862.
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14 . Kanai S, Ohkura k, Adu-Gyamfi JJ, Mohapatra PK, Nguyen NT, Saneoka H and Fujita K (2007) Depression of sink activity precedes the inhibition of biomass production in tomato plants subjected to potassium deficiency stress. Experimental Botany. 58: 2917-2928.
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15 . Lester GE (2006) Environmental regulation of human health nutrients (ascorbic acid, beta-carotene, and folic acid) in fruits and vegetables. HortScience. 41: 59-64.
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16 . Lester GE, Jifon LJ and Donald JM (2010) Impact of potassium nutrition on postharvest fruit quality: Melon (Cucumis melo L.) case study.Plant Soil. 335: 117-131.
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17 . Maathuis FJM and Amtmann A (1999) K+ nutrition and Na+ toxicity: the basis of cellular K+/Na+ ratios. Annals of Botany. 84: 123-133.
19
18 . Okur B and Yagmur B (2004) Effects on enhanced potassium doses on yield, quality and nutrient uptake of watermelon. IPI regional workshop on potassium and fertigation development in West Asia and North Africa; Rabat, Morocco, 24-28 Nov.
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19 . Qadir M, Qureshi AS and Cheraghi SAM (2008) Extent and characterization of salt-affected soils in Iran and strategies for their amelioration and management. Land Degradation and Development.19: 214-228.
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22 . Rengel Z, Damon PM and Cakmak I (2008) Crops and genotypes differ in efficiency of potassium uptake and use. Physiologia Plantarum. 133: 624-636.
24
23 . SAS Institute (2007) SAS Onlinedoc 9.1.3 SAS.
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Inst., Cary, NC. Available at http://support. Sas.com/onlinedoc./913/docMainpage. JPS (verified 19 June 2007).
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24 . Shani U and Dudley LM (2001) Field studies of crop response to water and salt stress. American Journal of Soil Science Society. 65: 1522-1528.
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27 . Spahn C, Blaha G, Stelzel U, Agrawal RK, Frank J and Nierhause KH (2000) Preparation of functional ribosomal complexes and effect of buffer conditions on tRNA positions observed by cry electron microscopy. Methods Enzymology. 317: 292-309.
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32
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35
33 . Zhu JK (2003) Regulation of ion homeostasis under salt stress. Current Opinion in Plant Biology. 6: 441-445.
36
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of some Iranian and commercial apple varieties in West Azarbaijan province
In this study, the amount of total phenol, chlorogenic acid, catechin, quercetin, phloridzin, cyanidin and antioxidant activity of apple (Malus domestica) skin and flesh of six Iranian cultivars, including: ‘Golab Kohanz’, ‘Sib Torsh Dirras’, ‘Ghara Yapragh’, ‘Torkman’, ‘Ghezel Alma’ and ‘Abbasi Mashhad’, and four commercial cultivars including: ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Red Delicious’, ‘Braeburn’ and ‘Fuji’ was investigated. ‘Fuji’ had the highest amount of cyanidin 3-galactoside (3711.9 µg.g-1 fresh weight) and ‘Golab Kohanz’ had the greatest amount of quercetin 3-galactoside (3133.8 µg.g-1 fresh weight) and phloridzin in the skin (642.2 µg.g-1 fresh weight) and ‘Ghara Yapragh’ showed the greatest amount of flesh phloridzin (98.1 µg.g-1 fresh weight). ‘Abbasi Mashhad’ had the largest amount of flesh (484.3 µg.g-1 fresh weight) and the skin's (298.1 µg.g-1 fresh weight) chlorogenic acid, ‘Ghezel Alma’ had the greatest amount of catechin of skin (255.2 µg.g-1 fresh weight) and ‘Sib Torsh Dirras’ showed the highest catechin of flesh (76.9 µg.g-1 fresh weight). The regression analysis of total phenol and antioxidant capacity showed a positive correlation between the amount of total phenol and the antioxidant activity. The highest amount of total phenol and antioxidant activity in ‘Fuji’ was observed.
https://jci.ut.ac.ir/article_29500_c9812dbf8abd28a56f546771069118da.pdf
2013-01-20
43
55
10.22059/jci.2013.29500
Catechin
chlorogenic acid
Cyanidin 3-galactoside
Phloridzin
total phenol
Maryam
Rafiee
l.naseri4@urmia.ac.ir
1
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه
AUTHOR
Lotfali
Naseri
l.naseri@urmia.ac.ir
2
دانشیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه
LEAD_AUTHOR
Davoud
Bakhshi
l.naseri3@urmia.ac.ir
3
استادیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت
AUTHOR
Asad
Alizadeh
l.naseri2@urmia.ac.ir
4
مربی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان غربی، ارومیه
AUTHOR
1 . قربانی ا.، بخشی د.، حاجنجاری ح.، قاسمنژاد م. و تقیدوست پ (1389) ترکیبات فنلی و فعالیت آنتیاکسیدانی برخی ارقام ایرانی وارداتی سیب در منطقه کرج. علوم باغبانی (علوم و صنایع کشاورزی). 24(1): 90-83.
1
2 . Aberoumand A and Deokule SS (2008) Comparison of phenolic compounds of some edible plants of Iran and India. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition. 7(4): 582-585.
2
3 . Alonso-Salces RM, Barranco A, Abad B, Berrueta LA, Gallo B and Vicente F (2004) Polyphenolic profiles of Basque cider apple cultivars and their technological properties. Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 52: 2938-2952.
3
4 . Alonso-Salces RM, Herrero C, Barranco A, Berrueta LA, Gallo B and Vicente F (2005) Classification of apple fruits according to their maturity state by the pattern recognition analysis of their polyphenolic compositions. Food Chemistry. 93: 113-123.
4
5 . Alonso-Salces RM, Korta E, Barranco A, Berrueta LA, Gallo B and Vicente F (2001) Pressurized liquid extraction for the determination of polyphenol in apple. Chromatography. 933: 37-43.
5
6 . Amzad Hossain M, Salehuddin SM, Kabir MJ, Rahman SMM and Vasantha Rupasinghe HP (2009) Sinensetin, rutin 3-hydroxy- 5, 6, 7, 4-tetramethoxyflavone and rosmarinic acid contents and antioxidative effect of the skin of apple fruit. Food Chemistry. 113: 185-190.
6
7 . Awad MA and De Jager A (2002) Relationship between fruit nutrients and concentrations of flavonoids and chlorogenic acid in ‘Elstar’ apple skin. Scientia Horticalturae. 92: 265-276.
7
8 . Awad MA, De Jager A and Van Westing LM (2000) Flavonoid and chlorogenic acid levels in apple fruit: characterization of variation. Scientia Horticulturae. 83: 249-263.
8
9 . Awad MA, De Jager A, Van der Plas LHW and Van der Krol AR (2001) Flavonoid and chlorogenic acid changes in skin of ‘Elstar’ and ‘Jonagold’ apples during development and ripening. Scientia Horticulturae. 90: 69-83.
9
10 . Bakhshi D and Arakawa O (2006) Effect of UV-B irradiation on phenolic compounds accumulation and their antioxidant activity in ‘Jonathan’ apple. Food, Agriculture and Environment. 4(1):75-79.
10
11 . Boyer J and Liu RH (2004) Apple phytochemicals and their health benefits. Nutrition. 3: 5.
11
12 . Chinici F, Bendini A, Gaiani A and Riponi C (2004) Radical scavenging activities of peels and pulps from cv. Golden Delicious apples as related to their phenolic composition. Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 52: 4684-4689.
12
13 . Cieslik E, Greda A and Adamus W (2006) Contents of polyphenols in fruits and vegetables. Food Chemistry. 94: 135-142.
13
14 . D’Abrosca B, Pacifico S, Cefarelli G, Mastellone C and Fiorentino A (2007) Limoncella apple, an Italian apple cultivar: phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity. Food Chemistry. 104: 1333-1337.
14
15 . D’Archivio M, Filesi C, Benedetto RD, Gargiulo R, Giovannini C and Masella R (2007) Polyphenols dietary sources and bioavailability. ANN IST SUPER SANITA. 43: 348-361.
15
16 . Drogoudi PD, Michailidis Z and Pantelidis G (2008) Peel and flesh antioxidant content and harvest quality characteristics of seven apple cultivars. Scientia Horticalturae. 115: 149-153.
16
17 . Erdman JW, Balentine D, Arab L, Beecher G, Dwyer JT, Folts J, Harnly J, Hollman P, Keen CL, Mazza G, Messina M, Scalbert A, Vita J, Williamson G and Burrowes J (2007) Flavonoids and heart health: Proceedings of the ILSI North America flavonoids workshop. Nutrition. 137: 718S-737S.
17
18 . Escarpa A and Gonzalez MC (1998) High-performance liquid chromatography with diode- array detection for the determination of phenolic compounds in peel and pulp from different apple varieties. Chromatography A. 823: 331-337.
18
19 . Gosch C, Halbwirt H and Stich K (2010) Phloridzin: Biosynthesis, distribution and physiological relevance in plants. Phytochemistry. 71: 838-843.
19
20 . Khanizadeh Sh, Tsao R, Rekika D, Yang R, Charles MT and Vasantha Rupasinghe HP (2008) Polyphenol composition and total antioxidant capacity of selected apple genotypes for processing. Food Composition and Analysis. 21: 396-401.
20
21 . Lata B (2008) Apple peel antioxidant status in relation to genotype, storage type and time. Scientia Horticulturae. 117: 45-52.
21
22 . Manach C, Scalbert A, Morand C, Remesy C and Jimenez L (2004) Polyphenols: food sources and bioavailability. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 79: 727-747.
22
23 . Markowski J and Plocharski W (2006) Determination of phenolic compounds in apples and processed apple products. Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research. 14: (Suppl. 2).
23
24 . Podsedek A, Wilska-Jeszka J and Anders B (2000) Compositional characterization of some apple varieties. European Food Research and Technology. 210: 268-272.
24
25 . Ritenour M and Khemira H (2007) Red color development of apple: a literature review. Washington State University, Tree Fruit Research and Extention Center.
25
26 . Solovchenko A and Schmitz-Eiberger M (2003) Significance of skin flavonoids for UV-B-protection in apple fruits. Experimental Botany. 54: 1977-1984.
26
27 . Sun J, Chu YF, Wu X and Liu RH (2002) Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of common fruits. Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 50: 7449-7454.
27
28 . Tabart J, Kevers C, Pincemail J, Defraigne JO and Dommes J (2009) Comparative antioxidant capacities of phenolic compounds measured by various tests. Food Chemistry. 113: 1226-1233.
28
29 . Van der Sluis A, Dekker M, De Jager A and Jongen W (2001) Activity and concentration of polyphenolic antioxidants in apple: effect of cultivar, harvest year and storage conditions. Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 49: 3606-3613.
29
30 . Veberic R, Trobec M, Herbinger K, Hofer M, Grill D and Stampar F (2005) Phenolic compounds in some apple (Malus domestica Borkh) cultivars of organic and integrated production. The Science of Food and Agriculture. 85: 1687-1694.
30
31 . Vrhovsek U, Rigo A, Tonon D and Mattivi F (2004) Quantitation of polyphenols in different apple varieties. Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 52: 6532-6538.
31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of water logging (paddy-soil) and dry farming (planted with vegetables) systems on distribution status of soil heavy metals regarding the accumulative and residual effects of organic fertilizers
In order to investigate distribution status of heavy metals in cropping systems of water logging and dry farming, an experiment was conducted as split-plot arrangement based on randomized complete block design with three replications in research field of Sari Agricultural Science and Natural Resources University. A paddy-soil considered for water logging system and the planted field with vegetables considered for dry farming system. Main plot (fertilizer treatments added to soil) included five treatments: 20 and 40 ton.ha-1 compost, 20 and 40 ton.ha-1 sewage sludge and control. Also, sub factor (application years) consisted three treatments comprised: one, two and three years fertilization. The results showed that in water logging system sewage sludge treatments had more influence on heavy metals accumulation in soil while, compost treatments had more influence than sewage sludge treatments in dry farming system. Also, in paddy soil the enhancement percent of available form compared to control treatment was much more than dry farming system.
https://jci.ut.ac.ir/article_29501_690f8911fef5f0cdc58e5019debe9506.pdf
2013-01-20
57
69
10.22059/jci.2013.29501
Dry farming and water logging system
Heavy metals
Municipal solid waste compost
Sewage sludge
Soil
Seyed Majid
Mousavi
z.ahmadabadi2@yahoo.com
1
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مهندسی علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری
AUTHOR
Mohammad Ali
Bahmanyar
mabahmaniar@yahoo.com
2
دانشیار، گروه مهندسی علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری
AUTHOR
Zahra
Ahmadabadi
z.ahmadabadi@yahoo.com
3
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مهندسی علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری
LEAD_AUTHOR
1 . رضایینژاد ی. و افیونی م (1379) اثر مواد آلی بر خواص شیمیایی خاک، جذب عناصر به وسیله ذرت و عملکرد آن. علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی. 4: 29-19.
1
2 . ملکوتی م. ج. و همایی م (1373) حاصلخیزی خاکهای مناطق خشک مشکلات و راهحلها. انتشارات دانشگاه تربیت مدرس. 494 ص.
2
3 . Adamu CA, Beu PF, Mulchi C and Channey R (1989) Residual metal concectrations in tobacco adecade following farmland application of municipal sludge. Environmental Pollution. 56: 113-126.
3
4 . Afyouni M (1987) Extractability of Fe, Zn and Cd in sludge amended calcareous soils. M.Sc. Thesis. New Mexico Stateniv., Las craces, N.M.
4
5 . Al-Najar H, Schulz R, Breuer J and Roemheld V (2005) Effect of cropping systems on the mobility and uptake of Cd and Zn. Environmental Chemistry Letters. 3: 13-17.
5
6 . Baker DE and Amacher MC (1982) Nickel, copper, zinc and cadmium in Methods of soil analysis. American Society of Agronomy. Madison, Wisconsin. Pp. 323-336.
6
7 . Gasco G, Logo MC and Guerrero F (2005) Landapplication of sewage sl udge: A soil column study. Madrid. Spain.
7
8 . Heilenze S (1970) Investigations in to the lead
8
content of plants on sites with heavey traffic. Landwirtschaftliche Forschung,25/I. Sondreh. Pp. 73-78.
9
9 . Jamali MK, Tasneem GK, Arain MB and Afridi HI (2009) Heavy metal accumulation in different varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in soil amended with domestic sewage sludge. Hazardous Materials. 164:1386-1391.
10
10 . Jordao CP, Nascentes CC, Cecon PR, Fontes RL and Pereira JL (2006) Heavy metals availability in soil ameneded with composted urban solid wastes. Environmental Monitoring. 112: 309-326.
11
11 . Kabata-Pendias A and Pendies H (1984) Trace elements in soils and plants 3ed, Boca Raton CRC.
12
12 . Karaca A (2004) Effect or organic wastes on the extractability of cadmium, copper, nickel and zinc in soil. Geoderma. 122: 297-303.
13
13 . Lepp NW, ed. (1989) Effect of Heavy Metals on Plants, Applied Science Publishers, New Jersey. Quality of heavy metals function. 31: 175-187.
14
14 . Lindsay WL and Norvell WA (1978) Development of a DTPA test for Zinc, Iron, manganese and copper. American Journal of Soil Science Society. 42: 421-428.
15
15 . Liu YY, Imai T, Ukita M, Sekine M and Higuchi T (2003) Distribution of iron, manganese, copper and zinc in various composts and amended soils. Environmental Technology. 24: 1517-725.
16
16 . Lovisa S and Stig L (2006) Effects of sewage sludge on pH and plant availability of metals in oxidising sulphide mine tailings. Science of the Total Environment. 358: 21-35.
17
17 . Madrid F, Lopez R and Cabrera F (2007) Metal accumulation in soil after application of municipal solid waste compost under intensive farming conditions. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 199: 249-256.
18
18 . Mohammad MJ and Athamneh BM (2004) Changes in soil fertility and plant uptake of nutrients and heavy metals in response to sewage sludge application to calcareous soils. Agronomy. 3(3): 229-236.
19
19 . Mousavi SM, Bahmanyar MA and Pirdashti HA (2010) Lead and cadmium availability and uptake by rice plant in response to different biosolids and inorganic fertilizers. American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences. 5(1): 25-31.
20
20 . Mousavi SM, Bahmanyar MA and Pirdashti HA (2011) Phytoextraction of nickel and chrome in paddy soil amended with municipal solid waste and sewage sludge. Environmental Science and Engineering. 5: 660-666.
21
21 . Nelson RE (1986) Carbonate and gypsum. In Methods of Soil Analysis, eds. Page A.L., Miller R.H., and Keeney D.R., 181-198. American Society of Agronomy: Madison, Wisconsin.
22
22 . Rahaman AKMM, Alam MS, Mian MJA and Haque ME (2007) Effect of different fertilizers on concentration and uptake of cadmium by rice plant. Agricultural Research. 45(2): 129-134.
23
23 . Sharma K, Agrawal M and Marshall FM (2007) Heavy metals contamination of soil and in vegetables suburban areas of Varanasi, India. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. Pp. 258-266.
24
24 . Shuman LM, Dudka S and Das K (2001) Zinc formes and plant availability in a compost amended soil. Water, Air and Soil Pollution. 128: 1-11.
25
25 . Singh RP and Agrawal M (2010) Variations in heavy metal accumulation, growth and yield of rice plants grown at different sewage sludge amendment rates. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 73: 632-641.
26
26 . Smith SR (2009) A critical review of the bioavailability and impacts of heavy metals in municipal solid waste composts compared to sewage sludge. Environment International. 35(1): 142-156.
27
27 . Tejada N and Gurdener AL (2011) Influence of land application of municipal solid waste compost on heavy metals distribution and soil biological properties and rice yield. European Journal of Agronomy. 45: 53-69.
28
28 . Vaca-Paulin R, Esteller-Alberich MV, Lugo-dela Fuente J and Zavaleta-Mancera HA (2006) Effect of sewage sludge or compost on the sorption and distribution of copper and cadmium in soil. Waste Management. 26: 71-81.
29
29 . Walid BA, Gabteni N, Lakhdar A, Du Laing G, Verloo M, Jedidi N and Gallali T (2009) Effects of
30
5-year application of municipal solid waste compost on the distribution and mobility of heavy metals in a Tunisian calcareous soil. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 130: 156-163.
31
30 . Walke DJ, Clemente R and Bernal P (2004) Contrasting effects of manure and municipal solid waste on soil pH, heavy metals availability and growth of chemopodium album in a soil contaminated by pyritic mine waste. Chemosphere. 57: 215-224.
32
31 . Walkley A and Black LA (1934) An examination of the degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Science. 37: 29-38.
33
32 . Wang X, Chen T, Ge Y and Jia Y (2008) Studies on land application of sewage sludge and its limiting factors. Hazardous Materials. 160: 554-558.
34
33 . Warman PR, Rodd AV and Hicklenton P (2010) The effect of MSW compost and fertilizer on extractable soil elements and the growth of winter squash in Nova Scotia. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 133: 98-102.
35
34 . Weber J, Karczewska A, Drozd J, Licznar M, Licznar S, Jamroz E and Kocowicz A (2007) Agricultural and ecological aspects of a sandy soil as affected by the application of municipal solidwaste composts. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 39: 1294-1302.
36
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of salicylic acid on maintaining post-harvest quality of apple cv. ،Golabe-Kohanz
Fruit browning and tissue softening due to damages during handling, quality losses and water loss are the major limiting factors reducing postharvest life of early ripening apples. In this study, the effect of salicylic acid (SA) on fruit quality of apple cv ‘Golabe-Kohanz’ during postharvest life were investigated. Harvested fruits were immersed in zero, one, two and four mM SA and were maintained for 43 days at zero ?C. SA decreased the soluble solids content at last stages of storage. In addition, SA reduced softening rate and water loss. At the end of storage, the highest firmness was observed in one and two mM SA treated fruits and the highest water loss was measured in control. Treatment of fruits by all three concentrations of SA showed a little browning. The highest browning was observed in those of control. Also SA delayed reduction of the total phenolic. The results demonstrate that SA postharvest treatment of apple cv. ،Golabe-Kohanz, through reducing browning and maintaining fruit quality increased postharvest life.
https://jci.ut.ac.ir/article_29502_ede01a90dcdacbedb923e48bd518c354.pdf
2013-01-20
71
82
10.22059/jci.2013.29502
Apple cv. ‘Golabe-Kohanz’
Browning
postharvest life
Salicylic Acid
Total phenolics content
Maryam
Hadian-Deljou
sarikhani2@basu.ac.ir
1
دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان
AUTHOR
Hasan
Sarikhani
sarikhani@basu.ac.ir
2
استادیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان
LEAD_AUTHOR
1 . اثنیعشری م. و زکایی خسروشاهی م (1387) فیزیولوژی و تکنولوژی پس از برداشت. انتشارات دانشگاه بوعلی سینا. 658 ص.
1
2 . طهنژاد ح (1380) کشت و پرورش درخت سیب، سیری در باغداری نوین. انتشارات فسق، نقش مهر. 156 ص.
2
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria on germination and early growth of two alfalfa cultivars under salinity stress condition
In order to study the effects of seed-bacterial priming (inoculation) on germination and early growth of alfalfa under salinity stress conditions, an experiment was conducted at seed research laboratory and Greenhouse of College of Agriculture, University of Tehran in Karaj (Iran) in 2011. The experiment was arranged as a factorial in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. Experimental treatments including: three levels of salinity stress (zero (S0), 60 (S1) and 120 (S2) mmol), two levels of alfalfa cultivars (‘Bami’ and ‘Yazdi’) and 16 levels of bacterial priming (Azetobacter, Azospirillum, Pseudomonas and Rhizobium meliloti in single and different double, triple and quadratic integrated forms). The results indicated that applying salinity stress significantly decreased germination and early seedling growth. This descending trend in control (no inoculation) treatment was more than that of treated seeds. Application of bacterial priming especially Pseudomonas priming and integrated treatments played an important role in moderating the negative effects of salinity on measured traits. According to the results of this study, it seems that plant growth promoting bacteria, by producing and releasing phytohormones such as auxin, gibberellins and cytokinin along with decreasing ethylene level, improve plant growth under salinity stress condition.
https://jci.ut.ac.ir/article_29503_5817fff4333ee09be7a8604e359128c5.pdf
2013-01-20
83
97
10.22059/jci.2013.29503
Alfalfa
Early growth
germination
Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (GPR)
salinity
Omid
Younesi
omidyounesi4@ut.ac.ir
1
دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی زراعی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج
LEAD_AUTHOR
Kazem
Poustini
omidyounesi3@ut.ac.ir
2
استاد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده دانشکده علوم و مهندسی زراعی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج
AUTHOR
Mohammad Reza
Chaichi
omidyounesi2@ut.ac.ir
3
دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده دانشکده علوم و مهندسی زراعی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج
AUTHOR
Ahmad Ali
Pourbabaie
omidyounesi@ut.ac.ir
4
استادیار، گروه مهندسی علوم خاک، دانشکده مهندسی و فناوری کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج
AUTHOR
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