Afsaneh Soltanzadeh; Ahmad Ghanbari; Esmaeel Seyedabadi; Mahdi Dahmardeh
Abstract
In order to evaluation of some morphological and chemical characteristics of quinoa, split plot experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications 2019-2020 cropping season, at the Agricultural Research station of University of Zabol, Iran. Vermicompost at three ...
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In order to evaluation of some morphological and chemical characteristics of quinoa, split plot experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications 2019-2020 cropping season, at the Agricultural Research station of University of Zabol, Iran. Vermicompost at three levels (0, 5 and 10 ton/ha) considered as main factor and chemical fertilizer at four levels (25, 50, 75 and 100%) considered as sub-factor. The main effect of vermicompost was significant on morphological traits such as plant height, 1000-seed weight, biological yield, grain yield and harvest index. Interaction of vermicompost and chemical fertilizer was significant on chemical properties including proteins and photosynthetic pigments. Application of 10 tons of vermicompost per hectare led to the maximum level of plant height, 1000-seed weight, biological yield, grain yield and harvest index. Also, the highest amounts of photosynthetic proteins and pigments were achieved from combined application of 10 tons/ha of vermicompost and 50% chemical fertilizer (25 kg/ha Urea + 50 kg/ha triple superphosphate + 50 kg/ha potassium sulfate). Totally, results showed the positive effects of vermicompost on the morphological and chemical properties of quinoa. It can be concluded that the combined use of chemical fertilizers and vermicompost can increase the yield of quinoa while reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and thus reduce the environmental impacts caused by them.
Amir Mizani; jafar masoud sinaki; Shahram Rezvan; Mohammad Abedini-Esfahlani; Ali Damavandi
Abstract
The experiment aimed to study the physiological, growth, and yield responses of sesame to the application of potassium nano-fertilizers, chitosan, and fulvic acid under drought stress in Semnan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center as a factorial split-plot based on randomized complete block ...
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The experiment aimed to study the physiological, growth, and yield responses of sesame to the application of potassium nano-fertilizers, chitosan, and fulvic acid under drought stress in Semnan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center as a factorial split-plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2019. Experimental treatments included drought as the main plot (normal irrigation, irrigation cut off in 70 and 60BBCH as moderate and severe stress, respectively) and potassium nano-fertilizer (0, 1.5,and 2.5 per thousand) and foliar application (control, chitosan, fulvic acid, and 50% of chitosan+fulvic acid) were performed as sub-plots. Application of potassium nano-fertilizer under normal and stress conditions resulted in a significant increase in chlorophyll b and total, leaf area index, number of capsules, 1000-seed weight, and oil percentage. The highest grain yield was related to the application of 1.5 and 2.5 per thousand nano fertilizers using fulvic acid alone or in combination with 50% chitosan.The highest oil content was in 1.5 and 2.5 per thousand nano fertilizer application under normal irrigation, which increased 13.2% and 15.4%, respectively.Foliar application of fulvic acid with nano potassium fertilizer under severe drought stress showed the highest activity of antioxidant enzymes catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase.In general, the results showed that the application of 1.5 per thousand nano potassium fertilizer and combined foliar application of chitosan and fulvic acid under severe drought by improving physiological traits, leading to the modification of the adverse effects of drought and increasing growth, yield, and quality indices of sesame.
jaber khordadi Varamin; Farzad Fanoodi; jafar masoud sinaki; Shahram rezvan; Ali Damavandi
Abstract
To investigate the physiological responses of sesame cultivars to the application of nano magnesium and chitosan biopolymer under different irrigation regimes, a split factorial based on randomized complete block design has been conducted with three replicates between 2017 and 2018. The irrigation cut-off, ...
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To investigate the physiological responses of sesame cultivars to the application of nano magnesium and chitosan biopolymer under different irrigation regimes, a split factorial based on randomized complete block design has been conducted with three replicates between 2017 and 2018. The irrigation cut-off, based on BBCH scale, has served as the main factor (normal irrigation, irrigation up to 50% flowering, and seed ripening), with the sub factors including Oltan and Dashtestan-2 sesame cultivars, and nano magnesium (application and non-application) and chitosan (control, 4.8, and 6.4 g.L-1). The highest mean grain yield belongs to the application of 6.4 g.L-1 chitosan under normal irrigation with an average of 1235.1 kg.ha-1. Also, the highest total chlorophyll content is observed in Dashtestan-2 genotype under normal irrigation with a mean of 24.7 mg.g-1 FW and the lowest mean have been obtained in both genotypes under irrigation up to 65 BBCH with a mean of 17.21 and 17.46 mg.g-1 FW, respectively. Application of nano fertilizer in Oltan genotype under irrigation up to 65 BBCH increases the catalase activity by 41.11%, compared to the control treatment. The highest activity of ascorbate peroxidase has been achieved when not applying chitosan under irrigation conditions up to 65 BBCH. It has risen by 55.06%, compared to the control treatment. In general, the results show that irrigation up to 65 BBCH reduces grain yield, in turn alleviated by the negative effects of stress on magnesium and chitosan nanoparticles (9.93% and 27.46%, respectively). Based on the regression analysis results, four traits, namely chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, proline, and catalase, enter the model that explains 42.11% of the total grain yield variations. Results of simple correlation between traits and regression analysis indicate the indirect effects of physiological traits on grain yield and among the studied parameters, photosynthetic pigments has been of high account in stress conditions.
Seyedeh Esmat Hashemi Fadaki; Barat Ali Fakheri; Nafiseh Mehdi Nezhad; Roqia Mohammad Pour
Abstract
The replacement of chemical inputs with ecological compatible inputs seems necessary for a step towards in transition from common to sustainable agriculture. In this regard, an experiment was conducted at the research field, University of Zabol, as a split plot based on randomized complete block design ...
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The replacement of chemical inputs with ecological compatible inputs seems necessary for a step towards in transition from common to sustainable agriculture. In this regard, an experiment was conducted at the research field, University of Zabol, as a split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications, during 2015. Four drought stress levels of 30, 50, 70 and 90 percent of available water were considered as main plots and four levels of nano and nano bio-fertilizers were considered as sub plots. Main effects of fertilizer, drought stress and their interaction were significant for all studied traits. Maximum of photosynthetic pigments, fresh and dry weight of sepals were obtained under treatment of 70% of available water irrigation and foliar application of nano-iron fertilizer. The highest amount of anthocyanin, proline and carbohydrate osmolytes belonged to 30% of available water irrigation and the highest relative water content of leaves belonged to 90% of available water irrigation and foliar application of nano-iron fertilizer. The result of principal component analysis showed that the best-studied treatment was 70% of available water irrigation including with foliar application of nano-iron fertilizer. Spraying nano-iron fertilizer mitigated the effects of drought stress and increased the quantity and quality of roselle sepals.
Hosein Nazari Nasi; Reza Amirnia; Mohammadrez Zardashti
Abstract
In order to study the effects of biofertilizers on the photosynthetic pigments, relative water content (RWC) and grain yield in medicinal pumpkin plants under drought stress condition, experiments were perfumed across two years at research field station of Zanjan University. This experiment was conducted ...
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In order to study the effects of biofertilizers on the photosynthetic pigments, relative water content (RWC) and grain yield in medicinal pumpkin plants under drought stress condition, experiments were perfumed across two years at research field station of Zanjan University. This experiment was conducted as a split plot based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications. The experiment treatments consisted of drought stress as a main plot in four levels (i.e., control, mild stress, moderate stress and severe stress and biofertilizers as a sub-plot (i.e., no inoculation (control), nitroxin, mycorrhizha and thiobacillus)). Results of combined analysis of variance showed a significant association between irrigation regimes and biofertilizers in terms of chlorophyll a, b and grain yield. Under severe stress condition, nitroxin induced 15.78% and 40% growth in terms of chl a and chl b contents and mycorrizha treatment induced 21% and 47% growth in terms of chl a and chl b contents in comparison with the control, respectively. Only mycorrizha treatment had a positive effect on the RWC and carotenoid content (increased 19% and 5.58% in comparison with no inoculation). Regarding positive effects of nitroxin treatment on increasing of grain yield (under moderate and severe stress condition, caused to 13% and 12.6 % increases in grain yield in comparison with the control, respectively), low cost and easy application, use of mentioned treatment can be recommended.
siavash ariafar; Ali Reza Sirousmehr
Abstract
In order to study the effects of water stress and municipal compost on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of Nigella sativa, this experiment was conducted in 2012 at the Agricultural Research Station of University of Zabol, Iran in a complete randomized block in split plot design with three ...
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In order to study the effects of water stress and municipal compost on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of Nigella sativa, this experiment was conducted in 2012 at the Agricultural Research Station of University of Zabol, Iran in a complete randomized block in split plot design with three replications. Treatments included irrigation intervals: Every seven days (without stress), every nine days (mild stress) and every 12 days (severe stress) and municipal compost treatments include: without municipal compost application (control), 10, 20 and 30 tons per hectare. The results showed that the effect of water stress was significant on the biological and seed yield, proline and chlorophyll (a). Also biological yield, grain yield and chlorophyll (a) decreased in water stress condition. But proline content in leaves increased with increasing stress level. According to results highest biological yield, grain yield, essential oil percentage, proline, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids were obtained In municipal compost application. The Interaction between water stress and municipal compost treatments on chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid were significant. According to results, the best treatment at the increase on seed yield and essential oil content were application 30 tons per hectares of municipal compost in Zabol weather conditions.
Zahra Sardoei Kara; Vahid Reza Saffari; Iraj Tavassolian
Abstract
To investigate the effects of priming and foliar spray by 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) on some of Marigold morphological, biological and biochemical traits, an experiment was conducted as factorial on completely randomized design with three replications at experimental laboratory of department of horticulture, ...
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To investigate the effects of priming and foliar spray by 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) on some of Marigold morphological, biological and biochemical traits, an experiment was conducted as factorial on completely randomized design with three replications at experimental laboratory of department of horticulture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman in 2014. Each of priming and foliar spray of EBR had four concentrations (0, 0.1, 1 and 10 µM). Results showed that growth parameters and photosynthetic pigments increased proportional to the increment of EBR in priming and foliar spray treatments. . The greatest shoot weight (79 percent), root (33 percent), fresh (28 percent) and dry (26 percent) weights of pot marigold compared to control were obtained at priming with 0.1 µM plus foliar spray at 0.1 µM of EBR. Furthermore, the highest chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids were found at the same concentration (0.1 µM priming + 0.1 µM foliar spray of EBR) with 2.4, 3.1, 2.6 and 2.7 percent increase respectively. The EBR increased protein and reduced sugar up to (35 percent) and (18.3 percent) compared with control. The results of this experiment indicated that application of EBR can be used to improve the growth and development traits of pot marigold.
Roya Karimi; Hashem Hadi; Mehdi Tajbakhsh Shishavan
Abstract
According to the global water shortage problem, the exploring for reducing its harmful effects is very important. This experiment was conducted as split plots method based on randomized complete block design with three replicates in Urmia University research field during growing season of 2013-14. Water ...
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According to the global water shortage problem, the exploring for reducing its harmful effects is very important. This experiment was conducted as split plots method based on randomized complete block design with three replicates in Urmia University research field during growing season of 2013-14. Water deficit stress as main plot consisted of three levels (irrigation when soil moisture reached 90, 70 and 50 percent of soil field capacity) and foliar applications (at 5-6 leaf stage two times with an interval of three days) as sub plot with five levels including: no foliar application (control), foliar application of salicylic acid (0.5 and 1 millimolar) and zinc sulphate (300 and 3000 milligram per liter). The results showed that the interaction effect of foliar application and water deficit significantly influenced photosynthetic pigments (except total chlorophyll content) and relative water content. The main effects of foliar application and water deficit were significant on leaves number, dry weight of leaves and stems, forage yield per square meter, electrolyte leakage and leaf area index. Severe Water deficit significantly decreased dry matter yield by 21.11 percent relative to normal irrigation. The maximum forage dry matter yield with average of 1571.53 gram per square meter were produced by both foliar application of zinc sulphate 3000 milligram per liter and salicylic acid 0.5 millimolar, which not only compensate for spraying costs but also lead to an acceptable increase in farmers' income. Therefore they could be recommended for farmers.