Zoleikha Sharifi; ahmad zare; Elham Elahifard; alireza abdali
Abstract
Objective: In order to evaluate different levels of wheat straw mulch and herbicide on quantitative, qualitative yield and weeds control of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare MIL.) an experiment was conducted arranged as split-plot based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications at Agricultural ...
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Objective: In order to evaluate different levels of wheat straw mulch and herbicide on quantitative, qualitative yield and weeds control of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare MIL.) an experiment was conducted arranged as split-plot based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications at Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan during 2019-2020 growing season.
Methods: Treatments included different concentrations of linuron herbicide (0, 1.5, 3, 4.5 L/ha) as the main plot and different levels of wheat straw mulch (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 tons /ha) as the subplot.
Results: The results revealed that the lowest dry weight of broadleaf and grass weeds (73 and 15 g/ m2) of 4.5 L/ha herbicide and 9 and 12 tons’/ha mulch was obtained. The highest grain yield was observed (80 g/m2) in 3L/ha of herbicide application and wheat straw mulch 9 ton/ha, and the lowest (18 g/m2) in treatment non-application of mulch and herbicide. The highest essential oil yield of fennel (2.82 g/m2) was obtained in treatment herbicide application (3 L/ha) and straw mulch (9 ton/ha), while in treatment non-application of mulch and herbicide was 0.48 g/m2.
Conclusion: Therefore, in integrated weed management, the use of wheat straw mulch could be considered for reducing weeds competition and achieving sustainable agriculture in medicinal plants.
Mohammad-Tayyeb Bayazidi-Aghdam; Jalal Jalilian; hamid Mohammadi
Abstract
One of the most important goals of cultivating medicinal plants is to improve their essential oil content, which will be affected by environmental factors such as water deficit stress and nutritional stress conditions. In this regard, a three-year split plot study has been done as a randomized complete ...
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One of the most important goals of cultivating medicinal plants is to improve their essential oil content, which will be affected by environmental factors such as water deficit stress and nutritional stress conditions. In this regard, a three-year split plot study has been done as a randomized complete block design with three replications in Urmia University at the 2014-2017 cropping years. The main factors include irrigation regimes in three levels (normal irrigation, supplementary irrigation, and rainfed conditions), and the sub-factor at six levels include fertilizer resources {biofertilizer (Azotobaror 1 + Phosphate-Barvar 2), complete chemical fertilizer and complete Nano fertilizer with and without vermicompost. Sampling and analysis of traits are performed in the cropping year 2016-2017 (third year of planting). Compared to normal irrigation, the results show that supplementary irrigation and rainfed treatments while reducing the concentration of nitrogen (14.94% and 7.72%), phosphorus (31.20% and 37.71%), potassium (11.58% and 9.14%), copper (14.27% and 28.96%), and total dry weight (33.22% and 56.14%), increase the concentration of iron (8.08% and 66.05%), zinc (16.82% and 7.16%), and essential oil yield (25.32% and 37.11%) of thyme, respectively. Combined application of nano fertilizer with vermicompost under normal irrigation conditions, and application of nano fertilizer in supplementary and rainfed irrigation conditions has improved essential oil yield by 2.7%, 3.39%, and 3.78%, respectively. In general, the improvement of essential oil yield in water deficit stress, during the application of nano fertilizer, indicates the efficiency of this fertilizer in providing nutrients and achieving sustainable agricultural goals.
shadi moradi; jalal khorshidi; mohammadreza morshedloo
Abstract
Foeniculum vulgare Mill. is one of the medicinal plants, which is widely used in pharmaceutical and food industries. Due to the effective role of micronutrients in the quantitative and qualitative yield of medicinal plants, the effect of foliar application of iron chelate (0, 1.5 and 3 g/L) and zinc ...
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Foeniculum vulgare Mill. is one of the medicinal plants, which is widely used in pharmaceutical and food industries. Due to the effective role of micronutrients in the quantitative and qualitative yield of medicinal plants, the effect of foliar application of iron chelate (0, 1.5 and 3 g/L) and zinc chelate (0, 1.5 and 3 g/L) on the functional properties and essential oil content of native and improved (cv. Soroksari) fennel was evaluated. The experiment was conducted as a split-split plot, based on RCB design with three replications during 2018 at the University of Kurdistan. Simple effects of iron chelate, the interaction iron chelate and cultivar, as well as the interaction iron chelate, zinc chelate and cultivar type, had no significant effect on measured traits. Zinc chelate significantly affected most of the studied traits, so that the highest of essential oil content (5.06%) and yield (35.07 L/ha) were belonged to 3 g/L treatment, while the highest seed yield (884.2 kg/ha) was obtained in zero treatment of zinc chelate. The interaction of iron chelate and zinc chelate as well as the interaction of zinc chelate and cultivar had only a significant effect on seed width and number of umbels, respectively. The impact of cultivar had a significant effect, on the number of umbels per plant, seed yield, and essential oil yield, so that the highest average of mentioned traits (25.29, 765.26 kg/ha and 34.27 L/ha, respectively) were belonged to native fennel. Generally, among the fertilizer treatments, 3 g/L zinc chelate and between the two types of fennel, native fennels were recognized as superior.
Rostam YazdaniBiouki; Hossein Beyrami
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of glycine betaine (GB) on some growth and yield traits of Damask Rose, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on a completely randomized design with 3 replications at Research Greenhouse of National Salinity Research Center during 2018-19 growing season. The ...
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In order to investigate the effect of glycine betaine (GB) on some growth and yield traits of Damask Rose, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on a completely randomized design with 3 replications at Research Greenhouse of National Salinity Research Center during 2018-19 growing season. The treatments were four levels of salinity: 2 (control), 5, 8 and 11 dS/m and three levels of GB: without application (control), spraying with 50 mM and 100 mM concentrations. The results showed that the main effect of salinity stress was significant on all studied characteristics, except branch number per plant and petal number. Moreover, the main effect of GB was significant on all measured traits, except branch number per plant, petal number, height and petal weight/flower weight ratio. The most flower number per plant, flower yield and essential oil yield were observed in stressed plants at 2, 5 and 8 dS/m salinity, had more 7.5 flower, 29.5 g flower weight per plant and 6 mg essential oil per plant than 11 dS/m, respectively. The interaction results between salinity stress and foliar application of glycine betaine showed that the treated plants with 2 dS/m and 100mM GB had the highest height (71 cm) and the treated plants with 10 dS/m and without application of GB had the lowest height (40 cm). In general, using 50 mM GB and without salinity stress caused the highest Damask Rose weight.
Mohammad Hosein Lebaschi; Ebrahim Sharifi Ashoorabadi; Maryam Makizadeh Tafti; Samaneh Asadi-Sanam
Abstract
An experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design in split-plot arrangement with three replications to find the most suitable location and the planting density of Thymus vulgaris at dry farming condition in seven provinces of Iran. The experimental treatments consisted of plant density ...
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An experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design in split-plot arrangement with three replications to find the most suitable location and the planting density of Thymus vulgaris at dry farming condition in seven provinces of Iran. The experimental treatments consisted of plant density (4, 6 and 8 plant/m2), year (1 and 2 years after planting) and location (Tehran, North Khorasan, Isfahan, Kurdistan, Kermanshah, Gilan and East Azerbaijan). The traits comprised of plant height, canopy diameter, dry matter of aerial parts, yield and content of essential oil in full flowering stage. The results revealed that interactions of density, location and year were significant on all studied traits. The highest dry matter (1734 kg/h) and essential oil yield (16.84 kg/h) of aerial parts were obtained in 8 plant/m2 density in Gilan. The maximum and minimum of essential oil content were observed in samples from Isfahan (1.96%) and East Azerbaijan (0.50%), respectively. Based on our findings, it seems that cultivation of T. vulgaris with higher density may cause a higher production of dry matter and essential oil yields under dry farming conditions in Iran.
Hossein Ghane; Hossein Amirshekari; Amir mohammad Naji
Abstract
In order to study the effects of planting date and seed priming on yield and physiological traits of two cumin ecotypes, an experiment was conducted as factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications in the 2014-15 crop season at field research of medicinal plants, ...
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In order to study the effects of planting date and seed priming on yield and physiological traits of two cumin ecotypes, an experiment was conducted as factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications in the 2014-15 crop season at field research of medicinal plants, Shahed University. The factors were priming with two levels of control and osmopriming (KCL 4%), planting date with three levels of 25 February, 10 March and 25 March and ecotype with two levels of Neishabour and Sabzevar. The results showed that the interaction between priming and planting date and ecotype on seed number per plant grain yield and biological yield significant in statistical level of 5%, while the number of lateral branches and umber number per plant were significant in statistical level of 1%. There was a reduction on grain yield and biological yield due to delay in planting date from 10 Mar. to 25 Mar. Application of osmopriming led to a significant increase in percentage and yield of essential oil in Sabzevar ecotype. The chemical components of essential oils significantly decreased by delay in sowing date. Generally, cultivation of Sabzevar ecotype on 25 February lead to best quality and quantity in yield.
Hasan Mousapour; Ahmad Ghanbari; Mohammad Reza Asghari pour
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to examine the effect of sowing date and different combinations of ajwain and isabgol intercropping on the grain yield, yield components, ajwain essential oil yield, weed control, and the mucilage percent of isabgol as split plot based on RCBD with three replications in ...
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This experiment was conducted to examine the effect of sowing date and different combinations of ajwain and isabgol intercropping on the grain yield, yield components, ajwain essential oil yield, weed control, and the mucilage percent of isabgol as split plot based on RCBD with three replications in Zabol University research farm in 2013. The main factors included two sowing dates of January 09 and February 08. The six additive cropping patterns including sole cropping of ajwain, sole cropping of isabgol, 25% isabgol + 100% ajwain, 50% isabgol + 100% ajwain, 75% isabgol + 100% ajwain, 100% isabgol + 100% ajwain comprising subplot. The results revealed that delayed sowing led to significant increase in ajwain essential oil percentage, however, seed and biological yield, essential oil yield and 1000-seed weight of ajwain decreased by 12.31, 13.7, 0.5 and 35.1%, respectively. In addition, sowing delaying did not have significantly impact on grain and biological yield of isabgol. Intercropping patterns significantly reduced yield and yield components of both crops. The highest seed yield of ajwain (2309 kg.ha-1) and isabgol (539 kg.ha-1) were obtained in sole cropping. The lowest dry weight of weeds was obtained from the planting date of January and cropping pattern of 100% isabgol + 100% ajwain. The highest LER was observed in cropping patterns of 50 and 75 of isabgol + 100% ajwain, that it is indicated yield advantage in intercropping over monocropping.
Fatemeh Salarpour Ghoraba; Hasan Farahbakhsh
Abstract
To investigate SA effects on physiological and biochemical characteristics of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) under water deficit, a split plot experiment based on latin square design with three replications was carried out at research farm of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman in 2012. Three levels ...
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To investigate SA effects on physiological and biochemical characteristics of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) under water deficit, a split plot experiment based on latin square design with three replications was carried out at research farm of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman in 2012. Three levels of water deficit (50, 75 and 100 percent of field capacity) and 3 concentrations of SA (0, 0.5 and 1mM) were considered as main and sub plots, respectively. Foliar application of SA was performed at 3 to 4 leaves growth stages and before application of Irrigation. The obtained results showed that water deficit reduced grain yield, essential oil content and percentage while the amount of superoxide dismutase and guaiacol peroxidase increased significantly compared to control. Increasing in concentration of salicylic acid led to a significant increase in grain yield, essential oil content, essential oil yield, superoxide dismutase and guaiacol peroxidase compared to control. Interaction of water deficit and SA on grain yield, essential oil yield and antioxidant enzymes were significant. Increasing in antioxidant enzymes indicates reduction in oxidative damage and implies SA roles in tolerance of fennel under water deficit.
Irandokht Mansoori
Abstract
In order to evaluate row spacing and microelements spraying on yield and some morphological traits ofpeppermint, a split plot experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with fourreplications in Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University during 2010-2011. Threelevels ...
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In order to evaluate row spacing and microelements spraying on yield and some morphological traits ofpeppermint, a split plot experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with fourreplications in Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University during 2010-2011. Threelevels of row spacing (50 × 10, 50 × 20 and 50 × 30 cm) and two levels of microelements (no sprayingand spraying) were evaluated on peppermint at two harvesting time. The results showed that the firstharvesting had significant effect on plant height, oil yield and dry matter. Maximum oil yield (19.1 lit.ha1)and dry matter (1121.3 kg.ha-1) was obtained in the first harvesting time. Microelements had significanteffect on wet matter (3321.3 kg.ha-1), dry matter (987.7 kg.ha-1) and oil yield (19.63 lit.ha-1). Maximumdry matter (1015.5 kg.ha-1) and oil yield (20.31 lit.ha-1) was obtained in (50 × 20 cm) row spacing withspraying. 50 × 20 cm row spacing with spraying recommended, because of maximum oil yield inpeppermint.
sodabe norzad; Ahmad ahmadian; Mohammad Moghaddam; elham daneshfar
Abstract
To study the effect of drought stress during using organic and chemical fertilizers on morphological, agronomic traits and the essential oil of coriander, a field experiment was conducted as split plot based on randomized complete block design in three replications at Agricultural Research Station, College ...
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To study the effect of drought stress during using organic and chemical fertilizers on morphological, agronomic traits and the essential oil of coriander, a field experiment was conducted as split plot based on randomized complete block design in three replications at Agricultural Research Station, College of Agriculture, University of Torbat Heydarieh, Iran during growing season of 2010-2011. Treatments were consisted of three levels of drought stress (30, 60 and 90 percent FC) and fertilizer treatments [control, NPK (60: 60: 40), caw manure (25 ton/ha) and vermicompost (25 ton/ha)]. Different traits such as plant height stem diameter, number of branches, number of leaves per plant, fresh and dry weight, herbage yield and number of umbels per plant, number of seeds per umbel, total number of seeds in plant, fruit yield, 1000 seed weight and essential oil percentage and yield were recorded. Analysis of variance indicated that water stress and application of fertilizer treatment had significant effect on all studied trait. The maximum herbage yield (5371 kg/ha) and seed yield (3905 kg/ha) were achieved in 90 percent FC combined with NPK and mild stress under NPK treatment, respectively. The highest essential oil percentage (0.77 percent) and essential oil yield (18.49 kg/ha) were obtained in mild stress by using chemical fertilizers. According to the fact that application of fertilizers in mild stress conditions leads to increase in essential oils yield, using chemical fertilizers under mild drought stress is recommended for coriandering as a medicinal plant.