Raouf Seyed sharif; reza seyed sharifi; Hamed Narimani
Abstract
In order to study the effect of methanol and seed inoculation with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on grain filling components, chlorophyll content and grain yield of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under various irrigation levels, a factorial experiment has been conducted based on randomized ...
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In order to study the effect of methanol and seed inoculation with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on grain filling components, chlorophyll content and grain yield of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under various irrigation levels, a factorial experiment has been conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2020. The experimental factors include irrigation (full irrigation as control, irrigation withholding at 50% heading-bud, and flowering stages), biofertilizers application (no application as control, seed inoculation with Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas and both application of Flavobacterium and Pseudomonas), and methanol foliar application: (foliar application with water as control and foliar application with 10% and 20% volume of methanol). The results show that the content chlorophyll a (41.57%), b (74.59%) and total chlorophyll (49.33%), grain filling period, and effective grain filling period (27.32% and 72.89% respectively) and grain yield (69.2%) have increased under full irrigation condition, foliar application 20% volume of methanol, and both application of Flavobacterium with Pseudomonas in comparison with irrigation withholding at 50% heading-bud and no application of biofertilizers and methanol. Generally, the results show that application of plant growth-promoting bacteria and methanol can increase grain yield of safflower by improving chlorophyll content and grain filling components under water limitation condition.
hossein gorgini shabankareh; sarah khorasaninejad
Abstract
In order to study the effects of salicylic acid levels and bio-fertilizers on the growth characteristics, essential oil yield and elements concentration of Rosmarinus officinalis, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications at research farm ...
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In order to study the effects of salicylic acid levels and bio-fertilizers on the growth characteristics, essential oil yield and elements concentration of Rosmarinus officinalis, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications at research farm of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, during growing season of 2015-16. The treatments were salicylic acid including three levels: (0, 5 and 10 mlg/l), two concentrations of bio-fertilizers (nitroxin, biophosphor) and four levels of irrigation regimes: (40, 60, 80 and 100 %The results showed that irrigation regimes had significant effect on shoot height, wet and dry weight, number of shoot, essential oil yield and Nitrogen and Phosphorus. Salicylicacid with 10 mlg/l had significant effect on all of traits and this effect was increased of salicylicacid. Nitroxin increased all of the traits except of P and salicylicacid was caused to decrease negative effects of low irrigation regimes. The highest of shoot height, plant wet and dry weight, shoot number, nitrogen and essential oil yield were obtained with nitroxin and 100percent FC irrigation regime and highest of essential oil yield and P were observed in 40percent FC irrigation regime. Also the highest amount of P was obtained with biophosphor and 100percent FC irrigation regimes. The results of this research showed that the using of bio-fertilizers and salicylic acid can be useful for reducing drought stress.
Elham Rastegari; Shahab Maddah Hosseini; Arman Azari
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of irrigation intervals on the vegetative growth and grain yield of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.)and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.), a field split plot experiment was conducted based on the randomized complete blocks design with four replications in research farm ...
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In order to evaluate the effect of irrigation intervals on the vegetative growth and grain yield of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.)and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.), a field split plot experiment was conducted based on the randomized complete blocks design with four replications in research farm of Vali–e–Asr University of Rafsanjan during April to July, 2013. Main plots were irrigation levels including 40, 60, 80 and 100 mm evaporation from evaporation pan class A and sub plots were crop species in two levels as grass pea and hairy vetch. Result showed that 66 days after sowing (two weeks before flowering), relative water content (RWC) of grass pea and hairy vetch leaves significantly reduced by increasing irrigation amount more than 40 mm, however there were no significant differences between 60, 80 and 100 mm. Also, plant leaf area and biomass of grass pea and vetch were reduced by increasing irrigation level (77 and 73 percent, respectively). Both crops had similar biomass (1.1 and 1.2 g. plant -1 for control and 0.5 and 0.6 for 100 mm irrigation treatments for grass pea and vetch, respectively), while the grass pea had higher leaf area than hairy vetch (4 to 9 folded). Finally, yield and yield components of both crops decreased by irrigation interval, although grass pea had always higher yield components, as grain yield, 1000 grains weight, seed number and pod number per plant at 100 mm irrigation treatment were 4.8, 2.4, 3.7 and 3.2 fold higher than vetch. Results suggest that both crops well tolerated increasing irrigation interval and they were suitable for forage production if harvested at the flowering stage. However, grass pea was better for grain production and had higher drought tolerance.
ali naderi arefi; ali ahmadi; Manijeh Sabokdast
Abstract
This study was carried out to examine the effects of drought stress on cotton leaf characteristics and its yield during 2014. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse and field conditions at Garmsar agricultural research station. The experimental design was RCBD with 3 replications arranged in split ...
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This study was carried out to examine the effects of drought stress on cotton leaf characteristics and its yield during 2014. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse and field conditions at Garmsar agricultural research station. The experimental design was RCBD with 3 replications arranged in split plots. Main plots and subplots designated to water stress levels and genotypes, respectively. In greenhouse, water stress decreased RWC and Excised Leaf Water Loss (ELWL). RWC of genotypes No.221, Aria, Narabri, and Sepid was higher than the others. ELWL of Aria, K8801 and K8802 was more than other genotypes whichalso their RWC was higher. ELWL of Varamin and Sahel cultivars were the lowest. At field conditions, the effects of 9, 12, 18, 24 and 30 day irrigation intervals after first flower stage, on yields of these cultivars were studied. Nine days intervals increased the yield of Varamin, Khordad and K8801 but their difference was not statistically significant. At fourth and fifth irrigation intervals,the yield of all genotypes decreased. 18 days intervals lead to yield loss too, but, because of insignificant decrease and for efficient use of water, it can be recommended that after normal irrigation from planting to first flower, to irrigate of cotton at 18 day intervals. Extension of K8801 can reduce water use and may help to permanent production.
Nasimeh Montazeri Takhti; Gholam Reza Khajoei Nejad; Mohammad Javad Arvin
Abstract
Effects of drought stress and chemical treatments was studied on growth and developmental traits of four barley cultivars using a split- split plot design (RCBD) in Agricultural Research Farm, Kerman University in 2013-14. Main plots consisted of irrigation (control and drought stress after flowering), ...
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Effects of drought stress and chemical treatments was studied on growth and developmental traits of four barley cultivars using a split- split plot design (RCBD) in Agricultural Research Farm, Kerman University in 2013-14. Main plots consisted of irrigation (control and drought stress after flowering), sub-plots consisted of four barley cultivars (ʻNosratʼ, ʻAfsalʼ, ʻYousofʼ and ʻUH12 lineʼ) and sub-sub plot consisted of control, salicylic acid (0.5 mM) as seed soaking, foliar spray at anthesis and seed soaking + foliar spray) and also foliar spray with selenium (40 mg/l using sodium selenate). Drought stress significantly decreased chlorophyll index (10 percent), thousand grain weight (19 percent), grain yield (20 percent), biological yield (11 percent) and harvest index (12 Percent). On the contrary, salicylic acid increased plant height, length of spike and awn, chlorophyll index, thousand grain weight, grain yield, biological yield and harvest index. Foliar spray of plants with sodium selenate increased selenium contents of grains in all cultivars. However, it could be concluded that salicylic acid improved plant performance under normal and drought conditions and selenate application enriched barley grains, and therefore those treatments are commercially recommended.
Elham Rastegari; Shahab Madah hoseini; Arman Azari
Abstract
at the research farm of Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan in 2013. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications and four irrigation intervals. Irrigation was done after 40 (control), 60, 80 and 100 mm evaporation from pan class A, from seedling establishment ...
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at the research farm of Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan in 2013. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications and four irrigation intervals. Irrigation was done after 40 (control), 60, 80 and 100 mm evaporation from pan class A, from seedling establishment till physiological maturity. Results showed that irrigation level did not significantly change percentage of qualitative traits including Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), Acid Detergent Lignin (ADL), starch and crude protein as well as 1000- seed weight. However, above mentioned qualitative traits content as well as seed number per plant, seed and biological yield were significantly affected by irrigation interval. Based on mean comparison results, only 100 mm evaporation treatment significantly reduced qualitative traits content and there were no significant differences between 40 to 80 mm evaporation. Also, seed yield, seed number per plant and shoot biomass were the highest in 40 mm (165.5 g/m2, 36.17 per plant and 2.4 g/plant, respectively) and the lowest in 100 mm irrigation treatment (63.1 g/m2, 24.5 per plant and 1.07 g/plant, respectively). Based on the results, it seems that grass pea qualitative forage yield is relatively tolerant to water deficit till 80 mm evaporation.
Farrokh Omidi; Ali Sepehri
Abstract
In order to study of Sodium Nitroprusside(SNP) application effect on growth indices and water use efficiency of kidney beans cultivars(Akhtar and Derakhshan) under water deficit stress, an experiment was conducted in split factorial based in randomized complete block design with three replications in ...
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In order to study of Sodium Nitroprusside(SNP) application effect on growth indices and water use efficiency of kidney beans cultivars(Akhtar and Derakhshan) under water deficit stress, an experiment was conducted in split factorial based in randomized complete block design with three replications in Bu-Ali Sina university research field at 2012. Water stress treatments included vegetative stress, reproductive stress, vegetative+reproductive stress and non-water stress (control). Foliar application of SNP was done in 3 concentration(0, 150 and 300 µM SNP). Reproductive stress reduced leaf area, crop growth rate and total dry weight in both cultivars. SNP foliar application (300 µM) increased mentioned indices 28, 26 and 20 percent in Akhtar and 28, 20 and 20 percent in Derakhshan in comparison to without foliar application, respectively. Water use efficiency of grain and water use efficiency of biomass in vegetative stress was more than of non-water stress. Maximum amount of water use efficiency was for Akhtar cultivar with 300 µM Sodium Nitroprusside foliar application and were 0.72 and 2.9 percent for grain and biomass, respectively. SNP foliar application ameliorated and improved negative effects of vegetative and reproductive stress. SNP application(300 µM) had more effect on growth and yield in both cultivars at all water regimes. Therefore, foliar SNP(300 µM) it’s desirable for kidney bean under water deficit stress.
Mokhtar Ghobadi; Hossein Salahi; Mohammad Eghbal Ghobadi; Siroos Mansoorifar
Abstract
In order to study the responses of grain yield of chickpea to drought stress and application methods of nitrogen fertilizer, an experiment carried out as split-plot at Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran, during 2009-10 and 2010-11. The supplementary irrigation ...
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In order to study the responses of grain yield of chickpea to drought stress and application methods of nitrogen fertilizer, an experiment carried out as split-plot at Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran, during 2009-10 and 2010-11. The supplementary irrigation at three levels (1. without irrigation, 2. one irrigation at flowering, 3. two irrigations at flowering and podding stages) as main-plot and the combination of different amounts and application methods of nitrogen fertilizer were as sub-plots. The results showed that grain yield was increased significantly due to increasing of the number of grains per plant and 100-grain weight in response to supplementary irrigation treatments. There was no significant difference in grain yield between one and two supplementary irrigation treatments with 1646 and 1728 kg/ha, respectively. Methods of nitrogen application had significant effects on grain yield and some yield components, but had not effect of 100-grain weight. Foliar spraying accompanied by soil application of N increased significantly grain yield. Finally, to get high grain yield in chickpea we recommend supplementary irrigation at flowering stage and also usage of both nitrogen application methods (soil application + foliar spraying).
Reyhaneh Pishkam Rad; Ali Izadi Darbandi; Maryam Shahbazi; Mehdi Fazel Najaf-Abadi; Hamid Reza Nikkhah; Raha Abedini; Morteza Barati
Abstract
In order to study the reaction of barley genotypes to drought, an experiment was conducted in a factorialdesign based on CRD for two wild ecotypes and four crop genotypes of barley in greenhouse. In thisstudy, the barley genotypes and wild ecotypes as the first factor and irrigation treatment with three ...
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In order to study the reaction of barley genotypes to drought, an experiment was conducted in a factorialdesign based on CRD for two wild ecotypes and four crop genotypes of barley in greenhouse. In thisstudy, the barley genotypes and wild ecotypes as the first factor and irrigation treatment with three levelsinclude 70 percent of water holding capacity of soil, 30 and 10 percent as the second factor wereconsidered as treatments. Analysis of growth and other morphological characteristics such as tillers, plantheight and leaf number and leaf area per plant and some physiological characteristics including therelative water content, leaf chlorophyll content, osmotic potential, osmotic adjustment, stomatalconductance, canopy temperature in each three treatments were measured. Analysis of variance showedthat the effect of drought on all traits and differences between genotypes were significant. Results ofcorrelation revealed that there is a significant and direct relationship between relative water content withosmotic potential and percentage of dried material. Path analysis identified that osmotic potential had themost direct effect on died material. The 41-1 and Morocco genotypes showed greater sensitivity thanother genotypes to the applied stress.