Saeid Davazdahemami; Shekofe Enteshari; Marzyeh Allahdadi; shahram yasmani
Volume 23, Issue 1 , Winter 2021, , Pages 127-139
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of irrigation water salinity on some characteristics of Ajowan (Carum copticum L. C.B. Clarke), a field experiment has been conducted in a completely randomized design with 3 replications in Isfahan, Iran during 2013. The treatments involve different levels of saline ...
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In order to investigate the effect of irrigation water salinity on some characteristics of Ajowan (Carum copticum L. C.B. Clarke), a field experiment has been conducted in a completely randomized design with 3 replications in Isfahan, Iran during 2013. The treatments involve different levels of saline water, namely 2.5 (control), 6, 9, and 18 dS.m-1. The determined traits include the yield, biochemical parameters, mineral contents, and seed essential oil content and quality. Results show that increasing salinity decreases biological yield and seed yield. Changes in essential oil components, caused by salinity, have been low, showing no specific trend. The major compound in the seed essential oil of C. capticum is thymol (56.1% to 61.2% of the essential oil). The highest concentration of total protein (root: 3.6 and shoot: 8.2 mg g-1 DW) is assigned to the control treatment, dropping significantly as salinity levels rise. Increasing salinity enhances the amount of proline and reducing sugars so that the highest amount of root proline, equal to 12 mg g-1 FW, and reducing sugars (root: 30.5 and shoot: 62 mg g-1 DW) comes from salinity of 18 dS.m-1. Increasing salinity levels raises the amount of phenolic compounds in the shoot, though this increase has not been considerable. The treatment of 18 dS.m-1 has had the lowest concentration of K+ (root: 5 and shoot: 22 mg g-1 DW) and the highest concentration of Na+ (root: 54 and shoot: 64 mg g-1 DW).It can be concluded that by increasing salinity levels, the amount of resistant osmolytes rises.
Rostam YazdaniBiouki; Hossein Beyrami
Volume 22, Issue 1 , Winter 2020, , Pages 119-134
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of glycine betaine (GB) on some growth and yield traits of Damask Rose, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on a completely randomized design with 3 replications at Research Greenhouse of National Salinity Research Center during 2018-19 growing season. The ...
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In order to investigate the effect of glycine betaine (GB) on some growth and yield traits of Damask Rose, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on a completely randomized design with 3 replications at Research Greenhouse of National Salinity Research Center during 2018-19 growing season. The treatments were four levels of salinity: 2 (control), 5, 8 and 11 dS/m and three levels of GB: without application (control), spraying with 50 mM and 100 mM concentrations. The results showed that the main effect of salinity stress was significant on all studied characteristics, except branch number per plant and petal number. Moreover, the main effect of GB was significant on all measured traits, except branch number per plant, petal number, height and petal weight/flower weight ratio. The most flower number per plant, flower yield and essential oil yield were observed in stressed plants at 2, 5 and 8 dS/m salinity, had more 7.5 flower, 29.5 g flower weight per plant and 6 mg essential oil per plant than 11 dS/m, respectively. The interaction results between salinity stress and foliar application of glycine betaine showed that the treated plants with 2 dS/m and 100mM GB had the highest height (71 cm) and the treated plants with 10 dS/m and without application of GB had the lowest height (40 cm). In general, using 50 mM GB and without salinity stress caused the highest Damask Rose weight.
Roghayeh Mohammadpour Vashvaei; Ahmad Ghanbari; Mohammad Reza Asgharipour; Mahmood Ramroudi; Mehdi Dahmardeh
Volume 20, Issue 4 , Winter 2019, , Pages 869-888
Abstract
Today, in order to have a sustainable agricultural system, it is necessary to use the inputs that improve the ecological aspects of the system and reduce environmental hazards. In this regards, an experiment was conducted on split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications, ...
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Today, in order to have a sustainable agricultural system, it is necessary to use the inputs that improve the ecological aspects of the system and reduce environmental hazards. In this regards, an experiment was conducted on split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications, at the Research Station of Bayakola, during 2016. Experimental treatments were plant nutrition with NPK, animal manure, compost, vermicompost and control (no chemical and organic fertilizer) as main plot and bio-phosphate, nitroxin, nitroxin + bio-phosphate, nano bioumik and control (no bio and nano bio-fertilizer) as subplot. Effects of organic and inorganic, bio and nano bio-fertilizer treatments and their interactions on all studied traits were significant (P≤0.01). The highest amounts of all studied traits were obtained in vermicompost in combination with nano bioumik fertilizers treatment. The result of factor analysis also confirmed this. Therefore, with respect to the production of medicinal plants in the low-input cropping systems and to achieve sustainable agriculture and environmental protection, using vermicompost in combination with nano bioumik treatment was suitable for improving plant growth and increasing seed yield of datura
Ghasem Hosein Talaei; Ahmad Ghanbari; Mohammad Reza Asgharipour; Hasan Habibi; SEYYED MOHSEN MOUSSAVI NIK
Volume 20, Issue 2 , Summer 2018, , Pages 415-426
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to examine the effects of different tillage systems and fertilization on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of cumin as split randomized complete block design with three replicates in Delfan during 2016. Main plot included three different tillage system; 1( conventional ...
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An experiment was conducted to examine the effects of different tillage systems and fertilization on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of cumin as split randomized complete block design with three replicates in Delfan during 2016. Main plot included three different tillage system; 1( conventional (mold board plough, chisel plough and disk), 2 (minimum tillage (chisel plough and disk) and 3( zero tillage (disk) and subplots comprised eight different combinations of organic and chemical fertilizer; 1) control, i.e. without any dose of manure and fertilizers, 2) 25 kg N ha-1, 3) 10 ton vermicompost ha-1, 4) 20 ton cow manure ha-1, 5) 20 ton municipal solid waste compost ha-1, 6) 50 percent dose of chemical fertilizer (N) + 50 percent vermicompost, 7) 50 percent dose of chemical fertilizer (N) + 50 percent cow manure and 8) 50 percent dose of chemical fertilizer (N) + 50 percent compost. Results indicated that the highest grain yield (81.53 g/m-2) and biological yield (210.41 g/m-2) achieved in minimum tillage and application of cow manure, while the least quantities of these parameters was observed in zero tillage and control. In addition, the greatest essential oil percentage and yield attained in minimum tillage and application of 10 ton vermicompost, which was 25 and 28 percent greater than control. The results suggested that to improve the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of cumin application of manure and vermicompost along with minimum tillage is recommended.
Moslem Mousavian; Eidi Bazgir; Aref Moradpour
Volume 19, Issue 4 , Winter 2018, , Pages 907-920
Abstract
Cinnamon essential oil has been used for centuries to protect food from microbiological infection and in the last ten years. Cinnamon essential oil is also incorporated into food packaging materials as antimicrobial agent. The Main objectiveof the present study was to determine the antifungal activity ...
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Cinnamon essential oil has been used for centuries to protect food from microbiological infection and in the last ten years. Cinnamon essential oil is also incorporated into food packaging materials as antimicrobial agent. The Main objectiveof the present study was to determine the antifungal activity of cinnamon essential oil against Botrytis cinerea, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium digitatum fungi isolated from grapes, tomato, and orange. Cinnamon Essential oil was extracted by the Clevenger-type apparatus and identification and amount of the essential oil was performed by using chromatography–mass spectroscopy and gas chromatography. Analysis of the total essential oil content showed that cinnamaldehyde (89.51%), cinnamyl acetate (4.56%), cinnamaldehyde (p-methoxy) (0.97%) and cubebene (0.29%) were the major constituents. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of cinnamon oil against B.cinerea, A. niger and P. digitatum were 200 µl/l and minimum fungicidal concentrations were 400 µl/l for three pathogens. The antifungal activity of cinnamon oil against A. niger and B.cinerea was stronger than that against P. digitatum in MIC concentration and the activity was improved with increasing its concentration. In vivo study, the fungi in the vicinity of concentration 600 µl/l of cinnamon essential oil grown in fruits, 11.53% for strawbery, 7.30% for tomato and 10.10% for orange. These results revealed that cinnamon essential oil has a good potential to be as a natural antifungal agent for control postharvest fruit and vegetables disease.
siavash ariafar; Ali Reza Sirousmehr
Volume 19, Issue 1 , Spring 2017, , Pages 31-42
Abstract
In order to study the effects of water stress and municipal compost on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of Nigella sativa, this experiment was conducted in 2012 at the Agricultural Research Station of University of Zabol, Iran in a complete randomized block in split plot design with three ...
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In order to study the effects of water stress and municipal compost on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of Nigella sativa, this experiment was conducted in 2012 at the Agricultural Research Station of University of Zabol, Iran in a complete randomized block in split plot design with three replications. Treatments included irrigation intervals: Every seven days (without stress), every nine days (mild stress) and every 12 days (severe stress) and municipal compost treatments include: without municipal compost application (control), 10, 20 and 30 tons per hectare. The results showed that the effect of water stress was significant on the biological and seed yield, proline and chlorophyll (a). Also biological yield, grain yield and chlorophyll (a) decreased in water stress condition. But proline content in leaves increased with increasing stress level. According to results highest biological yield, grain yield, essential oil percentage, proline, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids were obtained In municipal compost application. The Interaction between water stress and municipal compost treatments on chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid were significant. According to results, the best treatment at the increase on seed yield and essential oil content were application 30 tons per hectares of municipal compost in Zabol weather conditions.
mahboubeh Ashnavar; Mohammad Ali Bahmanyar; Vahid Akbarpour; Nayereh Ghorbani
Volume 19, Issue 1 , Spring 2017, , Pages 177-187
Abstract
Fertilizer management is one of the most important factors in successful cultivation of medicinal plants. Meanwhile, identification of eco-friendly and suitable fertilizers could have favorable effects on quantitative and qualitative indexes of plant. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted based ...
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Fertilizer management is one of the most important factors in successful cultivation of medicinal plants. Meanwhile, identification of eco-friendly and suitable fertilizers could have favorable effects on quantitative and qualitative indexes of plant. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted based on factorial in a completely randomized design with two factors, nanophosphorus for foliar application (0, 2 and 4 g.l-1) in three stages and vermicompost (0, 5 and 10 percent by weight of pot soil), in Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University with three replications in 2014. Results indicated that all traits such as number of flower per plant, fresh and dry flower yield, essential oil percentage, essential oil yield and kamauzolen percentage were affected by different fertilizer treatments. The highest number of flower per plant, fresh and dry flower yield and essential oil yield was obtained using 2 g.l-1 nanophosphorus + 10 percent vermicompost and the lowest amount was belonged to control. The maximum essential oil percentage (4.46 percent) was obtained by applying the highest levels of fertilizer (4 g.l-1 nanophosphorus + 10 percent vermicompost) that increased 43 percent compared to the control. Also, kamauzolen percentage was the highest amount in control (15.9 percent) which positioned in the same statistical level with 2 g.l-1 nanophosphorus + 5 percent vermicompost (15.43 percent).
Maryam Jafari; Abdolhossein Rezaei Nejad; Mohammad Feizian
Volume 18, Issue 2 , Summer 2016, , Pages 467-480
Abstract
This research was carried out to evaluate the effect of super-absorbent and manure on growth, yield, physiological and biochemical characteristics of geranium under deficit irrigation at research greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Iran, in 2014. The experiment was arranged factorially ...
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This research was carried out to evaluate the effect of super-absorbent and manure on growth, yield, physiological and biochemical characteristics of geranium under deficit irrigation at research greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Iran, in 2014. The experiment was arranged factorially based on a completely randomized design with six replications. Factor A was substrate consisted of control, 1 and 2 percent super-absorbent, or 25 percent manure and factor B was irrigation with 3, 5 or 7 d interval. The results showed that as irrigation frequency decreased, plant growth and oil yield decreased and oil content, malondialdehyde, proline, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase increased. Both manure and super-absorbent improved plant growth, physiological and biochemical characteristics under deficit irrigation. However, the effects of manure were more pronounced, so that the values for most characteristics, like, leaf area, plant fresh and dry weight and oil content of plants grown in substrate including manure irrigated with 7d interval were the same as those of control plants irrigated with 3d interval. The highest water use efficiency for oil production was found in plants grown in substrate including manure in all irrigation frequencies as well as plants grown in substrate including two percent super-absorbent irrigated with 7d interval. According to these results and due to abundance, cheapness and environmental sustainability, using 25 percent in volume manure in substrate could be recommended to increase water use efficiency.
Hasan Mosapour Yahyaabadi; Mohammad Reza Asgharipour
Volume 17, Issue 4 , Winter 2016, , Pages 1035-1048
Abstract
In this study, the effect of drought and different concentrations of silicon was examined on seed yield, essential oil percentage and physio-chemicals properties in fennel plant. The experimental design was a split plot with three irrigation regimes: irrigation at 100, 70 and 40 percent of FC comprising ...
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In this study, the effect of drought and different concentrations of silicon was examined on seed yield, essential oil percentage and physio-chemicals properties in fennel plant. The experimental design was a split plot with three irrigation regimes: irrigation at 100, 70 and 40 percent of FC comprising the main treatments, and five levels of silicon foliar sprays (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 mM) as sub-treatments that were applied with three replications. The experiment was conducted in 2014 at the Zabol University research farm in Zabol, south Iran. Limited irrigation significantly decreased chlorophyll, carotenoids, leaf relative water content, while electrolyte leakage showed a 2 -fold increase over the control. In limited irrigation conditions 7.5 mM silicon increased relative water content, chlorophyll, antocianine, proline and soluble sugare by 38, 30, 38, 12 and 22 percent, respectively, while decreased electrolyte leakage by 28 perent over the control. These results suggested that silicon spraying by photosynthetic pigments and soluble osmolytes increasing could increase the ability of plants to drought stress, and in this way increased seed yield by 61 percent under severe stress conditions.
Emel Moghadam; Mohammad Mahmoodi Sourestani; Ahmad Farrokhian Firozi; Zahra Ramazani; Farkhondeh Eskandari
Volume 17, Issue 3 , Autumn 2015, , Pages 595-606
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of foliar application of nano iron chelate and iron chelate fertilizers on morphological traits and essential oil content of holy basil, an experiment was conducted at research farm of Department of Horticultural, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz based on randomized complete ...
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To evaluate the effect of foliar application of nano iron chelate and iron chelate fertilizers on morphological traits and essential oil content of holy basil, an experiment was conducted at research farm of Department of Horticultural, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz based on randomized complete blocks design with six treatments and three replications. The treatments were including control, nano iron chelate (0.5, 1 and 1.5 g/l) and iron chelate (1 and 1.5 g/l) fertilizers. Foliar application of fertilizers was done at six to eight leaves stage and was repeated with 15 days interval until the end of the study. Intended traits were measured at full bloom stage. The results showed that the effect of foliar application of iron fertilizers on morphological traits such as plant height, axillaries shoots, leaf number, leaf area, fresh and dry weights of leaf and aerial parts and essential oil content of holy basil were significant. The highest and lowest values of mentioned traits were obtained in plants sprayed with 1 g/lnano iron chelate and control, respectively. Overall, regarding to non-significant difference between 1 and 1.5 g/lnano iron chelate and 1.5 g/liron chelate treatments, for increasing mentioned traits of holy basil, foliar application of nano iron chelate with 1g/l is recommended.
Esmaeil Rezaei-chiyaneh; Jalal Jalilian; Elnaz Ebrahimian; Seyed Mohamad Seyedi
Volume 17, Issue 3 , Autumn 2015, , Pages 775-788
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of different irrigation levels and biological fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative yield of ajowan (Carum copticum L.), a field experiment was conducted at a farm located in West Azerbaijan province - city Nagadeh, Iran during growing season of 2012-2013. The ...
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In order to investigate the effects of different irrigation levels and biological fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative yield of ajowan (Carum copticum L.), a field experiment was conducted at a farm located in West Azerbaijan province - city Nagadeh, Iran during growing season of 2012-2013. The experiment was arranged as split plot based on Randomized Complete Block Design in three replications. The main plots were allocated to irrigation levels (Irrigation after 50 mm (control), 100 mm (moderate water stresses) and 150 mm (severe water stresses) evaporation from class A pan) and sub-plots were allotted to biological fertilizers (Mycorrhiza, the combination of Azotobacter and Barvar Phosphate-2, Mycorrhiza + Azotobacter + Barvar Phosphate-2 and control). Results showed that by increasing irrigation times from 50 to 150 mm evaporation, plant height, number of umbel per plant, 1000 seed weight, biological yield, seed yield and concentration and content of essential oil in ajowan were significantly decreased. Among the biological fertilizers, combined usage of biofertilizers (Mycorrhiza + Azotobacter + Barvar Phosphate-2) showed greater increment in studied traits than individual consumption. In each irrigation levels (Irrigation after 50, 100 and 150 mm evaporation), the highest seed yield (783 kg/ha) was obtained from combined usage of biofertilizers and the lowest seed yield (400 kg/ha) belonged to control treatment, respectively.
Alireza Pirzad; Manoochehr Alizade; Abdollah Hassanzadeh Gorttapeh; Reza Darvishzade
Volume 17, Issue 2 , Spring 2015, , Pages 297-311
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of gamma rays on the seeds and amounts of nitrogen on growth and yield of chamomile (Chamomilla recutita synonym Matricaria chamomilla), a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm of Agriculture College ...
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To evaluate the effect of gamma rays on the seeds and amounts of nitrogen on growth and yield of chamomile (Chamomilla recutita synonym Matricaria chamomilla), a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm of Agriculture College of Shahid-Beheshti.-Urmia in 2010. Treatments were gamma rays from cobalt-60 on chamomile seeds cv. ‘Bodegold’ (zero, four, eight, 12, 16, and 20 Gray) and different levels of nitrogen (zero, 50, 100, and 150 kg/ha, urea after appearance of the 4th leaf). The highest leaf dry weight per plant (12.5 g) and per hectare (4194 kg/ha), stem dry weight per plant (49 g) and biomass (19995 kg/ha) were obtained at 8 gray and 100, 100, 150, and 150 kg/ha of nitrogen. The highest dried flower yield at the second harvest (104 kg/ha) were obtained from 20 gray by 100 kg/ha nitrogen, and the yield of the third harvest (122 kg/ha) was from 20 gray of gamma irradiation. While, the highest flower yield at the first harvest (419 kg/ha) and total yield (533 kg/ha) were produced from 0 gray and 150 kg/ha nitrogen. Essential oil percent did not affected by treatments, but despite the significant interaction effect of gamma irradiation and nitrogen on the yield of essential oil, means comparison showed no significant differences among treatments. Yield of dried flower in the first harvest, had the greatest impact on the harvest index.
Mostafa Darvish nia; Abdolhosein Rezaei Nejad; Bahram Delfan
Volume 17, Issue 2 , Spring 2015, , Pages 531-540
Abstract
To investigate the antifungal effects of essential oils of Khuzestani savory (Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad), Rechingeri savory (S. rechingeri Jamzad), carvacrol and Benomyl on Botrytis cinerea, this study was carried out in a PDA medium, and on grapes, kiwi fruits and strawberry. The experiment was laid ...
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To investigate the antifungal effects of essential oils of Khuzestani savory (Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad), Rechingeri savory (S. rechingeri Jamzad), carvacrol and Benomyl on Botrytis cinerea, this study was carried out in a PDA medium, and on grapes, kiwi fruits and strawberry. The experiment was laid out factorially based on a completely randomized design with three replications. The results showed that essential oil of Khuzestani savory, Carvacrol and Benomyl had greater antifungal effects compared with that in essential oil of Rechingeri savory. The main components of essential oil of Khuzestani savory were Carvacrol (91.16 Percent), p-Cymene (1.26 Percent), γ-Terpenen (0.74 Percent). The main components of essential oil of Rechingeri savory were Carvacrol (77.2 Percent), p-Cymene (1.26 Percent), γ-Terpenen (1.62 Percent). Essential oil of Khuzestani savory with concentrations of 200 ml, Carvacrol and Benomyl in all concentrations used showed 100 percent fungal inhibitory effects. The results of experiments in medium and on fruits showed that the antifungal effects of essential oils increased as their concentration increased.
OROJ VALIZADEGAN
Volume 17, Issue 1 , Spring 2015, , Pages 69-80
Abstract
In order to evaluate the density, population and insect fauna diversity and agronomical yield in intercropping faba bean (Vicia faba L.) andcoriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), a field experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the farm located in Nagadeh, ...
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In order to evaluate the density, population and insect fauna diversity and agronomical yield in intercropping faba bean (Vicia faba L.) andcoriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), a field experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the farm located in Nagadeh, West Azerbaijan province, Iran during growing season in 2012-2013. Treatments included 75 percent faba bean + 25 percent coriander, 50 percent faba bean + 50 percent coriander, 25 percent faba bean + 75 percent coriander and their monoculture. Results showed that the maximum population of pest obtained under monoculture, while the maximum population of biological predators was observed under 50 percent faba bean + 50 percent coriander, respectively. The highest seed yield and biological yield of faba bean were obtained in monoculture and the lowest grain yield and biological yield were achieved in 75 percent faba bean + 25 percent coriander, respectively. The results showed that the maximum seed yield and biological yield of coriander were obtained at monoculture, and the minimum seed yield and biological yield of coriander were achieved in 75 percent faba bean + 25 percent coriander, respectively. There was no significant difference between treatments in the essential oil percentage but the highest essential oil yield was higher than other treatments. The highest (1.58) and the lowest LER (1.40) values was obtained from 75 percent faba bean + 25 percent coriander and 50 percent faba bean + 50 percent coriander, respectively.
Fatemeh Sefidkon; Seys Reza Tabayi Aghdayi; Meysam Ansari; Zahra Behrad; Fatemeh Asgari
Volume 16, Issue 4 , Spring 2015, , Pages 779-794
Abstract
Satureja sahendica Bornm. is an endemic medicinal plant which grows wild in natural habitats of west and north-west regions of Iran. In this study, for domestication of Satureja sahendica and study it's essential oil content and composition, the seeds of seven populations were collected from natural ...
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Satureja sahendica Bornm. is an endemic medicinal plant which grows wild in natural habitats of west and north-west regions of Iran. In this study, for domestication of Satureja sahendica and study it's essential oil content and composition, the seeds of seven populations were collected from natural habitats and cultivated in three replications as a complete randomized blocks design. The aerial parts of each accession were collected in full flowering stage at three consecutive years. The essential oils were obtained by hydro-distillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The results showed the highest oil yields were obtained at the first year after cultivation. The major compounds in all oils were Thymol, P-cymene and -terpinene with different percentages. The highest amount of thymol was found in the oils of the plants at second year. In the other words, the oils had better quality, in the second year. The percentage of -terpinene were reduced in the oils in the second year and then increased in the third year. Amount of p-cymene did not show similar changes during three studied years. Generaly, it can be said annual plants had higher oil yields and two-year old plants had better oil quality.
sakineh sadri; Majid Poor Yousef; Ali Soleimani
Volume 16, Issue 4 , Spring 2015, , Pages 921-932
Abstract
In order to study of use advantage in the intercropping system fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L) in different ratios of intercropping and sole cropping, an experiment with use replacement and additive intercropping based on randomized complete block design with ...
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In order to study of use advantage in the intercropping system fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L) in different ratios of intercropping and sole cropping, an experiment with use replacement and additive intercropping based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the Research Station of Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Iran, during growing season 2012. Treatments included additive intercropping in three levels (100 percent fennel + 33, 66 and 100 percent fenugreek), replacement intercropping in six levels (1:1, 1:2, 2:1, 2:2, 1:3, 3:1), Sole fennel and Sole fenugreek. Results showed that the highest grain yield of Fenugreek was obtained in pure stand of Fenugreek and the lowest of mentioned trait was obtained in the 75 percent fennel + 25 percent fenugreek (3:1) replacement series. Also the highest and the lowest fennel grain yield were obtained in 100 percent fennel + 33 percent fenugreek additive series and 25 percent fennel + 75 percent fenugreek (1:3) replacement series respectively. yield of essential oil at 100 percent fennel + 33 percent fenugreek additive series were higher compared with sole cropping. The highest Land Equivalent and Relative Value Total obtained from 100 percent fennel + 33 percent fenugreek additive series. The highest Actual Yield Loos or gain (AYL) and intercropping advantage (IA) obtained from 25 percent fennel + 75 percent fenugreek (1:3) replacement series. Aggressively index revealed that in most sowing ratios fennel was dominant and fenugreek was defeated.
asma bastami; majid majidian; Golam Reza Mohsenabadi; Davood Bakhshi
Volume 17, Issue 1 , Spring 2015, , Pages 93-193
Abstract
To investigate the effects of mycorrhizal fungi, phosphatic biofertilizer and manure application on yield and quantitative and qualitative criteria of coriander an experiment was conducted at Khoramabad during growing season of 2013. The experiment design was applied as factorial layout based on a randomized ...
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To investigate the effects of mycorrhizal fungi, phosphatic biofertilizer and manure application on yield and quantitative and qualitative criteria of coriander an experiment was conducted at Khoramabad during growing season of 2013. The experiment design was applied as factorial layout based on a randomized complete block design with 18 treatments and three replications. The factors were mycorrhizal inoculation in two levels (non-inoculation and inoculation), phosphate biofertilizer in three levels (zero, 35 and 70 kg/ha)and manure in three levels (10, 20 and 30 ton/ha). Result indicated that mycorrhizal inoculation and phosphate biofertilizer had significant (one percent) effects on plant height, inflorescence number per plant, 1000 seed weight, seed yield, biomass yield, essential oil and essential oil yield of coriander. Mean comparison showed that the highest effects among factors were obtained by mycorrhizal inoculation on all parameters. The highest seed yield )1780.67 kg/ha), biomass yield (3831.7 kg/ha) and essential oils (0.4 percent) were obtained of inoculation with mycorrhiza, consumption of 70 kg/ha phosphate biofertilizer and 20 ton/ha manure and they were 80, 51 and 135 percent more efficient than chemical control, respectively. Positive and synergistic interactions were obtained between mycorrhizal inoculation × phosphate biofertilizer on seed yield.
Majedeh Malekian; Khodayar Hemmati; Azim Ghasemnezhad; Mohammad Barzali
Volume 16, Issue 1 , Spring 2014, , Pages 185-196
Abstract
German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) is one of the most important industrial medicinal plant. Inthis experiment the effects of foliar application of salicylic acid in different levels (0, 10-2, 10-4, 10-6) wereinvestigated on the floral traits and essential oil content of three ecotypes (Italian, ...
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German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) is one of the most important industrial medicinal plant. Inthis experiment the effects of foliar application of salicylic acid in different levels (0, 10-2, 10-4, 10-6) wereinvestigated on the floral traits and essential oil content of three ecotypes (Italian, Tehran, Zabol) ofGerman chamomile. The results showed that maximum percentage of essential oil (1.5 weight percent)was obtained from Zabol ecotype as sprayed with 10-4 M of salicylic acid and Maximum oil yield (0.085gr per pot) was obtained from Italy ecotype in which treated with 10-2 M salicylic acid. Among theidentified sesquiterpenes of essential oil, Chamazulene, E-β Farencene and α-Bisabolol oxide A weresignificantly varied based on the experimental treatments. The highest amount of Chamazulene (3.789percent) was recorded in Italian ecotype in which treated with 10-2 M salicylic acid, and the same ecotypeproduced highest amount of farencene (2.264 percent) when treated with 10-2 M Salicylic acid. Theapplication of salicylic acid in concentrations of 10-4 and 10-6 M increased the α-Bisabolol oxide A(respectively, 70.907 and 73.482 percent) Compare with control. Generally, contrary to essential oil yieldcomponent, only the essential oil yield and its constituent were affected by salicylic acid application andthe responses of experimental ecotypes was varied.
Irandokht Mansoori
Volume 16, Issue 1 , Spring 2014, , Pages 43-54
Abstract
In order to evaluate row spacing and microelements spraying on yield and some morphological traits ofpeppermint, a split plot experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with fourreplications in Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University during 2010-2011. Threelevels ...
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In order to evaluate row spacing and microelements spraying on yield and some morphological traits ofpeppermint, a split plot experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with fourreplications in Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University during 2010-2011. Threelevels of row spacing (50 × 10, 50 × 20 and 50 × 30 cm) and two levels of microelements (no sprayingand spraying) were evaluated on peppermint at two harvesting time. The results showed that the firstharvesting had significant effect on plant height, oil yield and dry matter. Maximum oil yield (19.1 lit.ha1)and dry matter (1121.3 kg.ha-1) was obtained in the first harvesting time. Microelements had significanteffect on wet matter (3321.3 kg.ha-1), dry matter (987.7 kg.ha-1) and oil yield (19.63 lit.ha-1). Maximumdry matter (1015.5 kg.ha-1) and oil yield (20.31 lit.ha-1) was obtained in (50 × 20 cm) row spacing withspraying. 50 × 20 cm row spacing with spraying recommended, because of maximum oil yield inpeppermint.
Mohammad Mahmoodi Sourestani; Mehrdad Akbarzade
Volume 16, Issue 3 , Spring 2014, , Pages 613-625
Abstract
Spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) is one of the most important mint family plants that has numerous applications in food, cosmetical, and pharmaceutical industries due to its valuable medicinal properties. In this research, the change in plant fresh and leaf dry weights, essential oil content, yield and ...
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Spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) is one of the most important mint family plants that has numerous applications in food, cosmetical, and pharmaceutical industries due to its valuable medicinal properties. In this research, the change in plant fresh and leaf dry weights, essential oil content, yield and composition during year as randomized complete block design with twelve treatments and three replications was studied. Result showed that harvest time had a significant effect on plant fresh and leaf dry weights, essential oil content and yield. The highest plant fresh (1868.7 gr.m-1) and leaf dry (253.3 gr.m-1) weigths were recorded on July and June, respectively. Plants also showed highest amount of essential oil content (3.82%) and yield (8.5 gr.m-1) on July. The main essential oil componenens were carvone, limonene, careen, α-pinene, myrecene, β-borbonene, cisdihydrocarvone, dihydrocarveol, dihydrocarvyl acetate, Pulgone and trans caryophylene. The highest (67.9%) and lowest (22.4%) amounts of carvone were observed on July and January, respectively. The highest (21.1%) and lowest (4%) amounts of limonene were observed on augest and December, respectively. The maximum amount of caren (5.8%) was obtained on January. Cis dihydrocarvone, dihidrocarveol and dihydrocarvyl acetate were increased during winter. In total, spearmint can harvested from May to October but best harvesting time is July.
Esmaeil Rezaei-chiyaneh; Oroj valizadegan; Mahdi Tajbakhsh; Abel Dabbagh mohammadi; Vahid Rimaz
Volume 16, Issue 2 , Winter 2014, , Pages 353-368
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Station of Payamenoor University of Nagadeh, Iran during growing reason of 2009-2010. Treatments included bean and dill monoculture, row intercropping (one row of dill + one ...
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A field experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Station of Payamenoor University of Nagadeh, Iran during growing reason of 2009-2010. Treatments included bean and dill monoculture, row intercropping (one row of dill + one row of bean), strip intercropping (two rows of bean+ four rows of dill and four rows of bean+ two rows of dill) and intra- row intercropping (50% dill+ 50% bean). The results showed that the highest and the lowest grain yield and biological yield of bean were achieved in row intercropping and intra- row intercropping (50% dill+ 50% bean), respectively. The plants were planted as replacement method. The highest grain yield (1630 kg/ha) and biological yield (3593 kg/ha) of bean were obtained at row intercropping and the lowest grain yield (414 kg/ha) and biological yield (870 kg/ha) of bean were achieved in intra- row intercropping, respectively. The results showed that the maximum grain yield (340 kg/ha) and biological yield (1926 kg/ha) of dill were obtained at monoculture and the minimum grain yield (340 kg/ha) and biological yield (1926 kg/ha) of dill were achieved in strip intercropping (four rows of bean+ two rows of dill intercropping), respectively. The highest essential oil percentage and essential oil yield were obtained by row intercropping, compared with other treatments. The highest (1.9) and the lowest LER (0.80) values were obtained from row intercropping and intra- row intercropping patterns, respectively. The maximum population of pest obtained under monoculture, while the minimum population of biological predators was observed under intra- row intercropping, respectively.
Kaivan Bahmani; Ali Izadi Darbandi; Seyed Ahmad Sadat Noori
Volume 15, Issue 4 , Winter 2014, , Pages 13-24
Abstract
Fennel is one of the oldest herbs and possesses appealing flavor and beneficial medicinal effects. Fennel(Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) belongs to the Apiaceae family and its essential oil and seeds are used to flavor foods including meats, ice cream, candy, baked goods and condiments. The increasing commercial ...
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Fennel is one of the oldest herbs and possesses appealing flavor and beneficial medicinal effects. Fennel(Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) belongs to the Apiaceae family and its essential oil and seeds are used to flavor foods including meats, ice cream, candy, baked goods and condiments. The increasing commercial value of fennel necessitates the need to develop elite ecotypes with high essential oil content and other desired breeding and market traits. In this study fifty ecotypes of fennelfrom different part of Iran were collected and days to 70% pasty seed and essential oil content in two years and essential oil components were studied. The stage of pasty seed is the best time for essential oil extracting with the highest quantity. The results indicated that the ecotypes of Sari, Kaleibar, Qazvin, Chahestan and Haji Abad are late bearing, ecotypes of the Moqan, Kohin, Meshkin Shahr, Alamot, Khalkhal, Damavand, Ardabil, Marvdasht, Kashan, Givi, Khash and Fozve are middle bearing plants, while the remaining ecotypes were early bearing plants. As average of two year, ecotypes with the highest essential oil content (more than 3.5% per dry mater) were Razan, Fozve, Marvdasht, Kashan, Sari, Kaleibar and Arak (3.96, 3.69, 3.68, 3.66, 3.65, 3.65 and 3.54%), respectively. The GC-MASS results showed that maximum value of limonene is observed in the ecotype of Sanandaj, the maximum value of fenchone is observed in the ecotype of Sari, the maximum value of transe-anethole is seen in the ecotype of Khash and the maximum value of methyl chavicole belongs to the ecotypes of Kaleibar.
Azizollah Kheiry; Ahmad Khalighi; Younes Mostofi; Rohangiz Naderi
Volume 13, Issue 1 , Summer 2011, , Pages 9-20
Abstract
Tuberose is one of the most important floral crops in Iran. Long spikes of fragrant flowers make it excellent for cut flower. Due to the beauty and sweet fragrance of flowers, it used in all seasons for flower arrangements. Production of high quality flowers and vase life extension is important for competition ...
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Tuberose is one of the most important floral crops in Iran. Long spikes of fragrant flowers make it excellent for cut flower. Due to the beauty and sweet fragrance of flowers, it used in all seasons for flower arrangements. Production of high quality flowers and vase life extension is important for competition in world markets. For this reason this research was conducted on Polianthes tuberosa var Double base on factorial experiment in RCB (randomized complete block design) with three replications. Both gibberellic acid (GA3) and benzyl adenine (BA) were sprayed on bulbs and foliage of plants at four concentration levels. Results showed that gibberellic acid and benzyl adenine treatments had significant differences in all of the measured indices at one percent level. Gibberellic acid increased stem and rachis length in some concentrations and also accelerated flower stalk emerge. Benzyl adenine increased stem diameter, floret numbers and vase life and preceded flowering. Both of these plant growth regulators improved water uptake by cut flowers and increased diameter of second floret but decreased ethylene production of the flowers. Essential oils of flowers were extracted by solvent extraction method. Both of the plant growth regulators had negative effects on essential oils of flowers, but in 1000 mg.l-1 of BA essential oils of flowers were higher than other concentrations.