Nader Khadem Moghadam Igdelou; Ahmad Golchin; Khadije Farhadi
Abstract
In order to study the effect of Cobalt, Molybdenum, and Nitrogen on the growth of Phaseolus vulgaris in soilless culture, a pot experiment was conducted in 2015-16 and in July, at 25˚C and light intensity of 40,000 lux as a factorial based on a CRD with 36 treatments and three replications in the greenhouse ...
Read More
In order to study the effect of Cobalt, Molybdenum, and Nitrogen on the growth of Phaseolus vulgaris in soilless culture, a pot experiment was conducted in 2015-16 and in July, at 25˚C and light intensity of 40,000 lux as a factorial based on a CRD with 36 treatments and three replications in the greenhouse of Zanjan University. The test factors consisted of four levels of Nitrogen (50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/l), three levels of Molybdenum (0.067, 0.2, and 0.6 mg/l) and, three levels of Cobalt (0.006, 0.06, and 0.3 mg/l). Factor levels were prepared by adding ammonium nitrate, ammonium molybdate, and cobalt chloride to a stock solution. Results of morphological traits showed that the highest pod dry weight was obtained in N100Mo0.6Co0.06 treatment which had a maximum difference of 47.9% with other treatments. The highest dry weight of shoots was obtained from N150Mo0.6Co0.006 treatment and the highest root dry weight was obtained from N150Mo0.6 and N150Co0.3 treatments. Also, the highest number of pods was obtained in N150Mo0.6, N100Co0.3 and Mo0.6Co0.3 treatments with values of 235.2, 266.4, and 220.8 g/pot, respectively. Investigation of physiological traits showed that the highest concentrations of Nitrogen, Molybdenum, and Cobalt were obtained from N200Mo0.6Co0.3, N150Mo0.6Co0.3, and N150Mo0.067Co0.006 treatments, respectively. Overall, it can be stated that the application of N100Mo0.6Co0.06 treatment can positively affect the dry weight of pods, which are economically productive and improve the performance of P. vulgaris (Talash cultivar).
Roya Mousavi; Vida Chalavi; Kamran Ghasemi; Mehdi Hadadinejad
Abstract
To investigate the effect of nitroxin and vermicompost on the qualitative and functional characteristics of blackberry, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications in pots. The first factor was the percentage of vermicompost at five levels (0, 10, 20, ...
Read More
To investigate the effect of nitroxin and vermicompost on the qualitative and functional characteristics of blackberry, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications in pots. The first factor was the percentage of vermicompost at five levels (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40) and the second factor was the level of inoculation and non-inoculation with nitroxin (Ni). The results showed that the treatments had a significant effect on the studied traits. The highest fruit weight, number of fruits, and yield was observed in 20% vermicompost. Maximum fruit length (1.62 cm) obtained in 10% vermicompost and nitroxin inoculation. The highest fruit diameter was obtained in 30% vermicompost. Also, in biochemical parameters, the application of 10% vermicompost produced the most soluble solids and flavor index. The highest amount of anthocyanin at 551 and 563 (mg/L fruit juice) was obtained respectably in 20 and 30% vermicompost treatments. Application of nitroxin along with vermicompost yielded 30% of the most vitamin C. In general, the results showed that the application of vermicompost at levels of 20 to 30% has the best effect on the quantitative and qualitative traits of blackberry and nitroxin can reduce the negative effect of high vermicompost and increase the effect of vermicompost on the blackberry plant.
tayebe rostami; hamid abbasdokht; hassan makarian; Manoochehr Gholipoor; khalil karimzadehasl
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effects of mycorrhiza and phosphorus fertilizer on morphophysiological traits and yield of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa willd) and maize (Zea mays. L) In an intercropping system using the replacement method. A complete randomized block design with three replications was implemented ...
Read More
This study aimed to assess the effects of mycorrhiza and phosphorus fertilizer on morphophysiological traits and yield of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa willd) and maize (Zea mays. L) In an intercropping system using the replacement method. A complete randomized block design with three replications was implemented at two research farms affiliated with Shahrood University of Technology, located in Shahrood and Miami cities. The intercropping systems consisted of five planting ratios: pure quinoa cultivation, 75% quinoa + 25% corn, 50% quinoa + 50% corn, 25% quinoa + 75% corn, and pure corn. The first factor was combined with three levels of phosphorus treatment (zero, 50, and 100 kg/ha) as the second factor. Mycorrhiza application was considered as the third factor, with two levels: inoculated and control. The results demonstrated that the growth, yield, and yield components of both quinoa and maize were significantly influenced by the intercropping systems, mycorrhiza application, and phosphorus concentrations. The tallest plants were observed in maize (202.8 cm) and quinoa (81.3 cm) when mycorrhiza was combined with a phosphorus concentration of 50 kg/ha. Similarly, the highest leaf area index values were recorded in quinoa (86.2) and corn (6.57) under the same treatment. Notably, quinoa (2.88 mg/ml) and maize (12.39 mg/ml) exhibited the highest chlorophyll content when mycorrhiza was applied in conjunction with a phosphorus concentration of 50 kg/ha in the Shahrood region. These findings emphasize the significant influence of different intercropping systems, mycorrhiza application, and phosphorus concentrations on the growth, yield, and physiological characteristics of quinoa and maize.
ali ashori; Manoochehr Gholipoor; Ahmad Gholami; Hamid Abbasdokht
Abstract
Objective: The effect of magnetic and superabsorbent water was investigated on some morphophysiological traits and performance of cumin under a low irrigation regime.Methods: An experiment was conducted in the agricultural year of 1399-1400 in the research fields of the Faculty of Agriculture of Shahrood ...
Read More
Objective: The effect of magnetic and superabsorbent water was investigated on some morphophysiological traits and performance of cumin under a low irrigation regime.Methods: An experiment was conducted in the agricultural year of 1399-1400 in the research fields of the Faculty of Agriculture of Shahrood University of Technology in two districts of Rahnjan and Garman of Shahrood city in a factorial format in the form of a randomized complete block design with three repetitions. Irrigation water type treatment at two levels (normal and magnetic) and locations (Rahanjan, Garman) with different climatic conditions and altitude above sea level as the main factor and superabsorbent treatment at three levels (zero, 100 and 200 kg/ha) as a secondary factor. Was considered. In all treatments, irrigation was applied based on 100% of plant water needs.Results: The results showed location, type of irrigation and different concentrations of superabsorbent had a positive and significant effect on the growth characteristics. In the Rahnjan region, due to the climatic conditions and higher average annual temperature and the treatment of 100 and 200 kg/ha of superabsorbent and the use of magnetic water, the highest amount of plant height, percentage and yield of essential oil and protein, soluble carbohydrates were observed.Conclusion: According to the results, most of the traits in the Rahnjan region had higher values than in the German region, and plant cultivation in the Rahnjan region is economical.
HOSEIN nAZARLI; ali naderi arefi
Abstract
Objective: In order to improve the tolerance of German chamomile cultivars to moisture regimes, this factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design in three replicates, in the agricultural college of Tehran university in 2013-14 cropping season.
Methods: Experimental treatments ...
Read More
Objective: In order to improve the tolerance of German chamomile cultivars to moisture regimes, this factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design in three replicates, in the agricultural college of Tehran university in 2013-14 cropping season.
Methods: Experimental treatments included moisture regimes (control and severe stress, i.e., 13% and 57% of allowable soil moisture depletion, respectively), two cultivars of chamomile (German Badgold and Hungarian modified cultivar) and foliar application with putrescine (with a concentration of 0.1 mM and 45 days after transfer to the pots).
Results: The results showed that the simple effect of putrescine polyamine on plant height and biomass was significant at 1% level and on harvest index at 5% level. Plant height did not have a significant response to putrescine in control conditions, but in severe stress (57% of soil water depletion), the effect of foliar application showed a significant boost (13.5%). The simple effect of putrescine on percentage and essential oil yield (at 1% level) was significant. Also, the interaction effect of moisture regimes and foliar application with putrescine on essential oil content (at 5% level) and essential oil yield (at 1% level) was considerable. Under optimal moisture conditions (13% of soil water depletion), putrescine resulted in a significant increase in essential oil content by 38%. But its foliar application in drought stress increased the essential oil content by only 4%. Foliar application of putrescine reduced the amount of farnesene and bisabolol B oxide in both conditions. Another important compound was bisabolone oxide A, wherein putrescine treatment had a positive effect on its accumulation so that under favorable conditions of moisture its concentration increased by 87%, but under conditions of stress its effect decreased, showing only 35%.
Conclusion: The use of putresin in chamomile is economically justified due to increased tolerance to dehydration stress and increased target secondary metabolites.
saeedeh kermani poorbaghaei; Majid Pouryousef; Alireza yousefi; masoud rafie
Abstract
This study was carried out to assess yield, yield components and quality traits of dragon’s head (Lallemantia iberica L.) ecotypes’ seeds grown using some anti-transpirant agents in rainfed system in two regions of Iran including Karaj & Khorramabad in 2018. The experiment was performed ...
Read More
This study was carried out to assess yield, yield components and quality traits of dragon’s head (Lallemantia iberica L.) ecotypes’ seeds grown using some anti-transpirant agents in rainfed system in two regions of Iran including Karaj & Khorramabad in 2018. The experiment was performed based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with a 4×3 factorial arrangement consisting of three replications. The first factor consists of four different ecotypes of dragon’s head (Kurdistan, Takab, Nazarkahrizi and Kalibar) and the second factor including three anti-transpirant compounds (kaolin with a concentration of 5 Percent, chitosan with a concentration of 1 Percent and Ista with a concentration of 2 Percent) and no anti-transpirant (control). The results indicated that the triple interaction of ecotypes, anti-transpirant and location on most of the studied traits was significant. Among anti-transpirant, chitosan had the greatest effect on cultivated ecotype & increased grain, biomass, oil and mucilage yields by 20, 4, 11, and 18 Percent, respectively. Also, Nazarkahrizi, Kalibar, Kurdistan and Takab ecotypes cultivated in Karaj had the highest values in the studied traits under foliar application with anti-transpirant, respectively. According to the studies conducted in this study, the selection of a suitable ecotypes with the region and the use of antiperspirants improve the yield & yield components, quality traits of dragon’s head in rainfed cultivation conditions.
Babak Adouli; Bijan Moradi; Mohammad Ali Shiri; Masoumeh Kiaeshkevarian
Abstract
Pre-harvest citrus fruit splitting is a physiological disorder that causes significant damage to producers of susceptible cultivars by reducing the amount of crop available on the market. Proper management of tree nutrition and paying special attention to the three key elements of potassium, calcium, ...
Read More
Pre-harvest citrus fruit splitting is a physiological disorder that causes significant damage to producers of susceptible cultivars by reducing the amount of crop available on the market. Proper management of tree nutrition and paying special attention to the three key elements of potassium, calcium, and boron, which are involved in the strength of cell walls and fruit peel flexibility, can be effective in reducing the fruit splitting severity. Therefore, an experiment has been carried out in the Ramsar (Citrus and Subtropical Fruits Research Center) during 2018 and 2019 to investigate the effects of foliar application of 1.0% potassium nitrate, 1.0% calcium nitrate, and 0.5% boric acid at the end of June drop on reducing the severity of splitting and some fruit traits of Page mandarin. This study is performed according to a combined analysis in time with two factors including years of experimentation and different treatments of foliar application of nutrients, based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The results show that the treatments especially 1.0% potassium nitrate have reduced pre-harvest fruit splitting, increased the yield, and improved the quantitative and qualitative fruit traits. However, they have had no significant effect on the activity of polygalacturonase enzyme, cell density of blossom-end, and navel diameter. Overall, foliar application of nutrients, especially 1.0% potassium nitrate, could be suggested as an effective approach to control pre-harvest fruit splitting and boost the quantity and quality of page mandarin fruit.
siavash aryafar; Alireza Sirousmehr; Iesa khammari; Ahmad ghanbari; Esmaeil Seyedabadi
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of tillage systems and the combination of chemical fertilizer and livestock manure on some characteristics of sunflower, an experiment has been conducted as split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of University ...
Read More
In order to investigate the effect of tillage systems and the combination of chemical fertilizer and livestock manure on some characteristics of sunflower, an experiment has been conducted as split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of University of Zabol during 2019. The main factor has been tillage levels (1. moldboard plow and disc, 2. sweep and disc, and 3. disc). The sub-factor include fertilizer levels (no fertilizer application, 100 kg/ha of diammonium phosphate, 25 tons/ha of livestock manure+ 100 kg/ha of diamonium phosphate, 50 tons/ha of livestock manure + 100 kg/ha of diamonium phosphate, 25 tons/ha of livestock manure, and 50 tons/ha of livestock manure). Results show that the highest values belong to the 50 tons/ha of livestock manure in tillage with disk for grain yield (5072 kg/ha), and oil percentage (44.44%), 50 tons/ha of livestock manure in tillage with disc for oleic acid content (51.61%), and 50 tons/ha of livestock manure for linoleic acid content (31.1%). The highest amount of chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids (1.253, 0.45, and 1.04 mg/g, respectively) has been obtained from the application of 100 kg/ha of diamonium phosphate in tillage with disc. In general, in order to increase and improve the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sunflower, the application of 50 tons/ha of livestock manure is suitable in disc tillage conditions.
mohsen zafaranieh
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effects of planting date and plant density on phenology, seed yield, and essential oil quality of Guar, an experiment has been conducted during 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 growing seasons. It is a split plot layout based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. ...
Read More
In order to evaluate the effects of planting date and plant density on phenology, seed yield, and essential oil quality of Guar, an experiment has been conducted during 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 growing seasons. It is a split plot layout based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Different planting dates are considered as the main factor, including September 5th to February 5th as monthly. Three plant densities are considered as sub-factor (20, 40, and 60 plants in a square meter). The required growing degree- day (GDD) from sowing to physiological maturity ranges between 1802.3 and 2347.9 °d on different planting dates. The highest GDD from sowing to physiological maturity is observed on May 5th. The highest seed yield (3780 kg / ha) and galactomannan yield (1050 kg / ha), 100- seed weight (3.5 g), and oil percentage (17.9%) belong to May 5th + 40 plants per m2. by delaying planting time, 100- seed weight causes oil percentage to drop and the seed yield (40%), galactomannan (68%) and the oil percentage (15%) are observed in September. Therefore, it seems that the best time and density for planting Alyssum is May 5th with a density of 40 plants per m2.
Babak Darvishi; Mehrdad Eshghi; Sarhad Bahrami; Hamid Nasiri; Rahmat Azad; Atefe Khandan; Rahman Bakhtar; abbas Norouzi
Abstract
Value for Cultivation and Use (VCU) test is performed by Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute (SPCRI) or its legal representative according to articles 17-24 of second part of the executive regulations of the law on Registration of Plant Varieties. In this regard, in order to value ...
Read More
Value for Cultivation and Use (VCU) test is performed by Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute (SPCRI) or its legal representative according to articles 17-24 of second part of the executive regulations of the law on Registration of Plant Varieties. In this regard, in order to value for cultivation and use test of two imported chickpea cultivars (Araz and Goksu), an experiment is conducted based on complete randomized block design in three replications and four locations (Oshnavieh, Moghan, Saral and Kamyaran) during 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. Results show that the amount of chickpea seed yield in Oshnavieh location (temperate cold rejoin) is significantly higher than other studied locations (3365.5 kg.ha-1). Due to the significant interaction of cultivar × location on seed yield, different cultivars have had the highest yield in different locations. The highest 100 seed weight has belonged to Araz (39.11 gr), Goksu (37.04 gr), and Saeed (36.22 gr) cultivars. Goksu has had the highest height of first pod (21.59 cm), followed by Hashem (20.13 cm), Araz (19.43 cm), Saeed (19.02 cm) and Mansour (18.08 cm). Goksu, Mansour and Saeed cultivars has had longest physiological maturity period. The physiological maturity period in Araz and Areman cultivars is significantly shorter than other studied cultivars. Araz and Goksu cultivars are considered two suitable chickpea germplasm for cultivation in Iran due to their appropriate yield, higher 100 seed weight and higher first pod height.
Hadi asadpour; Saeid Hazrati; Amir reza Sadeghi-Bakhtvari; Bahman Pasban Eslam
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) reduce the effects of drought stress by altering some root properties and absorbing nutrients and water in plants. In order to evaluate the effect of AMF on some characteristics of spring safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.-cv. Sofeh) under water-deficit condition, this ...
Read More
Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) reduce the effects of drought stress by altering some root properties and absorbing nutrients and water in plants. In order to evaluate the effect of AMF on some characteristics of spring safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.-cv. Sofeh) under water-deficit condition, this experiment has been carried out at research farm of the Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz in 2018. The experiment is done as a split plot in a completely randomized blocks design with three replications. The results show that the highest petal yield under non-water stress is 281.6 kg/ha and the lowest stress from flowering stage to 197.3 kg/ha. In the control, the highest content of seed oil is 30.65% related to the seed inoculated with AMF. The highest oil yield is obtained from the condition without stress with 1098.9 kg/ha, also in seed inoculated with fungus of 1107.8 kg/ha. The highest seed yield (4884.4 kg/ha) is obtained in the condition without water stress and inoculation of seeds and soil with AMF. In general, water stress leads to reduced yield and inoculation with AMF, especially inoculation of seeds and soil, yield of plants under water stress due to the positive effect on growth improve nutrition and water uptake. Plants inoculated with AMF display improved growth, yield and oil content under water stress conditions than non-inoculated plants.
Mohamad reza Kimiaei; Alireza Sirousmehr; Barat ALI Fakheri
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of irrigation regimes and foliar silicon spraying on quantitative and physiological characteristics of borage (Borago officinalis), an experiment is conducted as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications during 2014 at the University ...
Read More
In order to investigate the effects of irrigation regimes and foliar silicon spraying on quantitative and physiological characteristics of borage (Borago officinalis), an experiment is conducted as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications during 2014 at the University of Zabol research farm in Zahak. Treatments include irrigation regimes at three levels; (90%, 70%, and 50% FC) comprising the main-treatments and four levels of silicon sprying including spraying in the form of sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) (0, 2, 4, and 6 mM) as sub-treatments. The results indicate that the highest amount of proline is obtained from the interaction of irrigation regime with 50% of field capacity, without the use of silicon at the rate of 0.7847 mg.g-1. Based on the results of average comparison, the highest amount of chlorophyll a (15.919 mg/g fresh weight), chlorophyll b (7.14 mg/g fresh weight), from the interaction of irrigation regime 70% of field capacity and application of 2 mM silicon, as well as number of flowers per plant, total dry yield of plant (520 kg.ha-1) and biological yield (1187 520 kg.ha-1) Per hectare), 70% and 50% of field capacity and application of 6 mM silicon are obtained from the interaction effect of irrigation regime, respectively. Overall, the results suggest that silicon application mitigate drought stress impact and led to increasing drought tolerance of borage. Since flower and flowering branches of plant has economic value and application of 4 mM silicon acid is recommended to obtain the greatest flower yield under drought stress conditions.
Amirali Mohammadi; Mehdi Hadadinejad; hosein sadeghi; Kamran Ghasemi
Abstract
Blackberry is a temperate plant that can also be grown in the greenhouse for off-season fruit production as well as greater profit. This study is conducted as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications as a pot inside the soil. The first factor has been the cultivar ...
Read More
Blackberry is a temperate plant that can also be grown in the greenhouse for off-season fruit production as well as greater profit. This study is conducted as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications as a pot inside the soil. The first factor has been the cultivar (early, intermediate, and late) and the second one is the nutrition program at six levels of NPK(N0P0K0(control), N0P0K0, N50P0K25, N50P0K50, N50P25K50, and N50P12.5K25 kg/ha), applied as fertigation. Results show that the use of nutrients release the highest amount of nitrogen and potassium in the late cultivar. The highest shoot length and chlorophyll index belong to N50P0K25 treatment. Furthermore, blackberry’s response to different ratios of nutrients for shoot fresh weight in different cultivars show a different trend; however, the highest shoot fresh weight occurs in late cultivar in both N50P0K0 and N50P0K50 treatments. Results also show that maximum yield in early and intermediate cultivars in N50P0K25 treatment and in treatment with phosphorus (N50P25K50) could be observed in the late cultivar. The highest amount of soluble solids in early cultivar and N50P0K25 treatment belong to 12.9 Brixo. In general, though the use of NPK nutrients is effective in most studied traits, the role of N and K in improving the vegetative and reproductive traits in blackberry has been especially tangible for the two early and intermediate cultivars.
Asma Aslani; Mahroo Mojtabaie Zamani
Abstract
In order to investigate the possibility of reducing the negative effects of late-season heat stress using phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, this experiment is carried out as split factorial based on a complete randomized block design with three replications in a farm located in Haftkol city under the ...
Read More
In order to investigate the possibility of reducing the negative effects of late-season heat stress using phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, this experiment is carried out as split factorial based on a complete randomized block design with three replications in a farm located in Haftkol city under the supervision of Ramhormoz Islamic Azad University, during the growing season 2016-2017. The main factor consists of planting date in two levels (22 November and 2 January) and the sub factors as a factorial consisted of five bread wheat cultivars (Chamran2, Mehregan, Sirvan, Shush and Barat) and of two levels application of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (inoculation and without inoculation). The results show that with a delay in planting and occurrence of heat stress in grain filling period, grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, and effective grain filling period are decreased and grain filling rate is increased. Also, the reaction intensity has varied depending on the cultivar. Mehregan cultivar has high yield in both planting dates and in the delayed planting date with the highest increase in grain filling rate and the lowest decrease in number of seeds per spike, had the highest grain yield and harvest index. By inoculating the seeds with bacteria, on both planting dates, on average, the number of seeds per spike is increased by 4.6%, grain yield by 7.6%, and biological yield by 7%, but the interaction effect between planting date, cultivar and bacteria on yield and its related traits is not significant. Therefore, the effect of phosphate solubilizing bacteria on mitigating the effect of heat stress is not proven and the positive effect of bacteria is the same on both planting dates. Overall, in this study, higher ability to increase grain filling speed and maintain more grain number per spike are identified as two important traits for achieving higher grain yield under late-season heat stress conditions.
Abdollah Hasanzadeh Gorttapeh; Saeid Heydarzadeh; Amir Rahimi
Abstract
Amaranth forage plants, due to their nutritional properties and ability to adapt to drought conditions, can be a good option to deal with water deficiency and increased productivity under different fertilizer systems. This experiment spans for 2 years in form of a complete random block design based on ...
Read More
Amaranth forage plants, due to their nutritional properties and ability to adapt to drought conditions, can be a good option to deal with water deficiency and increased productivity under different fertilizer systems. This experiment spans for 2 years in form of a complete random block design based on a factorial with three replications, three levels of irrigation (irrigation after depleting 40%, 60%, and 75% of available water) as the first factor and organic (cow manure and phosphate-2), chemical (phosphorus and nitrogen), integrated, and control (no fertilizer) fertilizer systems as the second one. Results of this study show that crude protein, digestibility of dry matter, water-soluble carbohydrates, digestible nutrients, relative nutritional value, and specific energy of lactation, due to the application of different fertilizer systems in each irrigation level have been improved, compared to non-consumption of the fertilizer. The performance of biomass and forage protein are increased by 38.89% and 54.37%, 30.60% and 41.23%, and 22.20% and 34.92% in optimal, moderate, and severe stress conditions, respectively in integrated fertilizer system than the control. Also, this study shows that the use of organic fertilizers alone or combined with chemical fertilizers improve quantitative and qualitative traits of amaranthus forage irrigation after depleting 40% and 60% of available water. So, optimal use of biological inputs for sustainable agriculture and reduction of pollution, caused by the use of chemical fertilizers, is recommended.
Amir hooshang Jalali; Ahmad Mousapour Gorji
Abstract
The phenomenon of reduced potato yield have increased in recent years under adverse conditions, such as water stress. The effects of water stress on yield and yield component of three potato cultivars have been evaluated in this study during 2019 growing season. This investigation has been arranged as ...
Read More
The phenomenon of reduced potato yield have increased in recent years under adverse conditions, such as water stress. The effects of water stress on yield and yield component of three potato cultivars have been evaluated in this study during 2019 growing season. This investigation has been arranged as split-plot experiment, based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at Rozveh Agricultural Research Station (Chadegan, Isfahan, Iran). The main-plots are assigned to irrigation levels (75% and 100% field capacity) and sub-plots to potato cultivars (Marfona, Agria, and Atousa). To ensure the initial establishment of the plant and prevent severe crop failure, one additional irrigation has been performed at the establishment stage, with two supplementary irrigations performed at the tuber initiation stage for all plots. There has been a significant interaction between irrigation level and cultivars for tuber yields (α<%1) as well as other traits (α<%5). In water stress conditions, yield and water use efficiency of Atousa, new cultivar, are more than the other cultivars. Marketable yield of Atousa cultivar is about 40% higher than Marfona and Agria cultivars. The new cultivar produces 6.53 kg of tubers per cubic meter of water, while water use efficiency for Marfona and Agria is only 4.82 and 5.02 kg m-3, respectively. In conclusion, it is suggested that Atusa cultivar in both water stress and in normal conditions is more suitable for cultivation in the study area than in Marfona and Agria cultivars.
Maryam Rahimi Jahangirlou; Gholam Akbari; Iraj Allah dadi; Saeid Soufizadeh; Maryam Rahimi Jahangirlou
Abstract
Studies to assess quality of dent maize grain are noteworthy because of its wide use as food, feed and ethanol production. This study aimed to evaluate the concentration and composition of starch and oil in maize grain in response to different cultivars (KSC704 and KSC260), planting dates (20 June and ...
Read More
Studies to assess quality of dent maize grain are noteworthy because of its wide use as food, feed and ethanol production. This study aimed to evaluate the concentration and composition of starch and oil in maize grain in response to different cultivars (KSC704 and KSC260), planting dates (20 June and 21 July), irrigation (12-day and 6-day intervals) and nitrogen (0 and 184 kg N ha-1) rate as the strip-plot factorial statistical model during the 2018 growing season in Pakdasht county of Iran. The results suggested that nitrogen application increased grain yield by one tonnes ha-1. In addition, KSC260 had higher grain yield than KSC704 by 0.96 tonnes ha-1. All compositional variables except stearic acid were affected by the interaction effect of irrigation and nitrogen rate. In low irrigated treatments, nitrogen application reduced the amount of oil, palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid. In low irrigated condition, nitrogen application had no effect on increasing the concentration of starch and amylopectin. The use of nitrogen fertilizer reduced the amount of stearic acid by 0.05 g kg-1. In conclusion, the balance between irrigation and nitrogen utilization seems to be important for improving the oil and starch properties of maize grain.
kamel sajed gollojeh; Saeid Khomari; parisa sheikhzadeh mosadegh; naser sabaghnia; mehdi mohebodini
Abstract
The present research is carried out to study the effects of foliar application of Nano material and Salicylic acid (SA) on some agronomy, yield, and yield components of spring rapeseed under different water limitation treatments. For this subject an experiment has been conducted as split plot based on ...
Read More
The present research is carried out to study the effects of foliar application of Nano material and Salicylic acid (SA) on some agronomy, yield, and yield components of spring rapeseed under different water limitation treatments. For this subject an experiment has been conducted as split plot based on a randomized complete block design with four replications at the research fields of Faculty of Agriculture and natural resource of Mohaghegh Ardabili University, during 2017 and 2018 growing years. Water limitation treatments include full irrigation (control), irrigation termination at stem elongation, flowering and seed formation stages, and foliar spray of Nano-Material in form of Nano-silicon dioxide (nSiO2) at three levels of zero (control), 60, and 300 mg.L-1 as well as salicylic acid (SA) at three levels of zero (control), 0.5, and 2.5 mM. The results of combined analysis show that the effect of year has been significant on main branch and sub branches number per plant, number of pod per plant, number of seed per pod, and seed yield traits. Water limitation has decreased all studied treats, so the foliar application improves growth traits, yield, and yield components of rapeseed plants. The highest seed yields have been 2705 and 3271 kg.h-2, in first and second experiment years, respectively, which are from applying 300 mg.L-1 with 0.5 nSiO2 and/or 2.5 mM of SA at normal irrigation (control treatment). The lowest rate belongs to non-foliar application especially at irrigation termination at stem elongation, flowering stages.
Saeid Davazdahemami; Shekofe Enteshari; Marzyeh Allahdadi; shahram yasmani
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of irrigation water salinity on some characteristics of Ajowan (Carum copticum L. C.B. Clarke), a field experiment has been conducted in a completely randomized design with 3 replications in Isfahan, Iran during 2013. The treatments involve different levels of saline ...
Read More
In order to investigate the effect of irrigation water salinity on some characteristics of Ajowan (Carum copticum L. C.B. Clarke), a field experiment has been conducted in a completely randomized design with 3 replications in Isfahan, Iran during 2013. The treatments involve different levels of saline water, namely 2.5 (control), 6, 9, and 18 dS.m-1. The determined traits include the yield, biochemical parameters, mineral contents, and seed essential oil content and quality. Results show that increasing salinity decreases biological yield and seed yield. Changes in essential oil components, caused by salinity, have been low, showing no specific trend. The major compound in the seed essential oil of C. capticum is thymol (56.1% to 61.2% of the essential oil). The highest concentration of total protein (root: 3.6 and shoot: 8.2 mg g-1 DW) is assigned to the control treatment, dropping significantly as salinity levels rise. Increasing salinity enhances the amount of proline and reducing sugars so that the highest amount of root proline, equal to 12 mg g-1 FW, and reducing sugars (root: 30.5 and shoot: 62 mg g-1 DW) comes from salinity of 18 dS.m-1. Increasing salinity levels raises the amount of phenolic compounds in the shoot, though this increase has not been considerable. The treatment of 18 dS.m-1 has had the lowest concentration of K+ (root: 5 and shoot: 22 mg g-1 DW) and the highest concentration of Na+ (root: 54 and shoot: 64 mg g-1 DW).It can be concluded that by increasing salinity levels, the amount of resistant osmolytes rises.
Mohamad Nikbakht,; Mahmood solouki; Mehdi Aran
Abstract
In order to study the effects of foliar application of nitrogen with nano-and urea chemical fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of bitter apple, an experiment has been conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Institute, University ...
Read More
In order to study the effects of foliar application of nitrogen with nano-and urea chemical fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of bitter apple, an experiment has been conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Institute, University of Zabol during 2019.Theexperimental treatment includes foliar application of nano-N (1000 and 2000 mg/l), urea (1% and 2%), and control. Results show that foliar application of N has had a significant effect on yield and number of fruit per bush, and shoot length, whereas it has had no effect on fruit average weight, fruit length and diameter. The highest yield per bush belongs to nano-N at 2000 mg/l concentration (961.08g) and urea at 2% concentration (864.66g) and, the highest amount of fruit number per bush (12) is found in nano-N at 2000 mg/l concentration. The highest weight of 100 seeds and seed protein are obtained from the foliar application of nano-N at concentration of 2000 mg/l and urea at 2% concentration. Seed phenol content, seed soluble carbohydrates, and oil percentage have been reduced by applying nitrogen treatments to the control. Foliar application of N has increased leaf N concentration, while having no effect on the leaf concentrations of P, K, and Zn. Given that in most measured quantitative and qualitative traits, the application of nano-N fertilizer at 2000 mg/l concentration shows better results than other treatments, this treatment can be recommended to reduce economic and environmental costs.
Faezeh Heidari; Jalal Jalilian; esmaeil gholinezhad
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of foliar application different nano-fertilizers on modulating negativeeffectsof salt stress on quinoa, in factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications in the research farm of Urmia University in the pot during ...
Read More
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of foliar application different nano-fertilizers on modulating negativeeffectsof salt stress on quinoa, in factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications in the research farm of Urmia University in the pot during 2018. The first factor was salinity of irrigation water using (Lake Urmia water at three levels: 0, 16 and 32 dS/m and the second factor was nano-fertilizers at five levels: calcium, silicon, zinc, potassium and control (no foliar application). The results showed that salinity stress caused negative effects on all traits affecting quinoa growth. The highest decrease in traits was observed in salinity stress of 32 dS/m. Salinity stress of 32 and 16 dS/m compared to control decreased plant height (20 and 17%), inflorescence number (48 and 36%), root volume (44 and 40%), main root length (41 and 23%), root dry weight (68 and 30%), relative leaf water content (26 and 13%), chlorophyll index (15 and 7%) and 1000-seed weight (31 and 23%), respectively; but increased ionic leakage by 14 and 6%, respectively. Foliar application with nano-fertilizer compared to control increased the yield, yield components and morphological traits. The highest seed yield was obtained under optimum conditions and severe salinity stress (32 dS/m) by foliar application with nano-fertilizer of zinc and silicon, respectively. Under severe salinity stress, foliar application with nano-fertilizer of silicon compared to non-foliar application increased the dry weight of inflorescences, total dry weight and seed yield by 35%, 16% and 43%, respectively, and moderated the effects of salinity stress. Foliar application with nano-fertilizer via enhancing chlorophyll index, relative leaf water content and improving root characteristics, led to increase yield and seed yield components of quinoa. Therefore, it seems that foliar application of nano-fertilizers is suitable to improve the yield of quinoa especially in salinity stress conditions.
Yonus Mohammad Nezhad; Majid Basirat; Hossein HajiAbaee; Benjamin Torabi
Abstract
In the fields around Golestan dam, crop rotation is not performed, putting the soil fertility at risk. This experiment aims at evaluating the nutritional status of the region’s soils and determining the need for fertilizer with emphasis on macronutrients. The fertilizer requirement of these soils ...
Read More
In the fields around Golestan dam, crop rotation is not performed, putting the soil fertility at risk. This experiment aims at evaluating the nutritional status of the region’s soils and determining the need for fertilizer with emphasis on macronutrients. The fertilizer requirement of these soils in 2017-2018 has been determined, using the QUEFTS model. At first, 30 fields in the Golestan dam region, irrigated by the dam itself, have been chosen. In each field, a small section has been selected as a non-fertilized one. All agronomic practices have been done in accordance with conventional farmers' method. From each field (fertilized and non-fertilized), five one-meter squared quadrats have been used to cut off the crop and the grain yield and non-grain yield, and measure its N, P, and K concentration. Results reveal that the mean value of N, P, and K uptake by shoots have been 54, 19.5, and 98 kg/ha, respectively, with the average grain yield being 4150 kg/ha in farmers' field. For 1000 kg of grain production per hectare, one requires 13, 4.5, and 22 kg of N, P, and K, respectively. Therefore, according to the proper validation results of the QUEFTS model, it is recommended to apply 325 kg/ha urea fertilizer, 195 kg/ha triple super phosphate fertilizer, and 60 kg/ha potassium sulfate fertilizer to produce about 5000 kg/ha wheat grain in this area.
Seyed Morteza Zahedi; Rahmatollah Gholami; Mahdieh Karimi; Hojattollah gholami
Abstract
Sunburn is one of the important factors, limiting pomegranate production, especially in regions with hot summers. Since exogenous application of kaolin can increase tolerance to some environmental stresses by improving metabolic pathways and increasing net photosynthesis, this paper studies the effect ...
Read More
Sunburn is one of the important factors, limiting pomegranate production, especially in regions with hot summers. Since exogenous application of kaolin can increase tolerance to some environmental stresses by improving metabolic pathways and increasing net photosynthesis, this paper studies the effect of kaolin spraying on some pomological and biochemical characteristics of commercial pomegranate cultivars in Rijab region (Kermanshah province). Accordingly, it carries out a factorial experiment, based on a RCBD, which is consisted of three concentrations of kaolin (i.e., 0 (distilled water), 3%, and 6%) as well as two pomegranate cultivars (Malas Torsh & Yosef-Khani) with three replications. Results show that in both cultivars, kaolin treatment at 6% concentration improves fruit weight, the length and width of aril and fruit, aril weight, and the yield. In addition, fruits of both pomegranate trees with kaolin treatment at both concentrations, especially at 6% concentration, show increased soluble solids, fruit juice, and total phenol content. Despite the different morphological and biochemical reactions in the two cultivars, one of the cultivars could be used in accordance to different purposes and conditions. In addition, a high concentration of kaolin reduces sunburn and cracking of pomegranate fruits in both cultivars, increasing yield per hectare. This treatment can serve as a suitable method to reduce physiological disorders in pomegranate growing areas such as Rijab region.
Hassan Nouriyani
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of different levels of nitrogen on some grain storage compounds and quantitative and qualitative yield of three sunflower cultivars, an experiment was carried out as split plots based on randomized complete block design with four replications in Dezful region during ...
Read More
In order to investigate the effect of different levels of nitrogen on some grain storage compounds and quantitative and qualitative yield of three sunflower cultivars, an experiment was carried out as split plots based on randomized complete block design with four replications in Dezful region during 2017-2018. In this research, four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1 N) were considered as the main factor and three sunflower cultivars (Ghasem, Record and Progress) as a sub factor. The results showed that increasing nitrogen consumption reduced the percentage of oil, percentage of stearic acid and linoleic acid percentage but, protein percentage, oleic acid and palmitic acid percentage increased significantly. There were significant differences between different cultivars in grain yield and oil content where Qasem cultivar had the highest grain yield (3920 kg ha-1) and oil (1860 kg ha-1) with the consumption of 180 kg ha-1 N. Also, the results indicated that the highest correlation of grain yield with the studied traits belonged to oil yield (r=0.97**) followed by protein content (r=0.85**) and the lowest to linoleic acid (r=-0.58*). In general, it can be stated that more nitrogen consumption has been effective in increasing the quality and quantity of sunflower and Qasim cultivar had a higher ability to absorb nitrogen in order to increase yield per unit area.
Kamal Sadat Asilan
Abstract
A factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at research fields of Faculty of Agriculture of Tarbiat Modares University, during 2017-2018 growing season. Treatments consisted of three different levels of salinity stress (control), salinity of 5 and ...
Read More
A factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at research fields of Faculty of Agriculture of Tarbiat Modares University, during 2017-2018 growing season. Treatments consisted of three different levels of salinity stress (control), salinity of 5 and 10 dS.m-1) and two levels of calcium silicate (control and foliar application of 8 kg.ha-1) which salinity stress was applied from the beginning of flowering and the calcium silicate was applied at flowering time, and dry weight of the plant, grain yield, yield components, harvest index, oil yield, oil percentage and greenness were evaluated. Foliar application of calcium silicate had positive effects on the all of the traits in both Zarfam and Sarigol cultivars and it increased yield in rapeseed. On the other hand, it was observed that Sarigol had a higher amount in number of pods, number of seeds per pod, 1000 grain weight, harvest index, oil percentage, oil yield and greenness index than the Zarfam. Zarfam had the maximum plant dry weight. In addition, it was observed that salinity stress at 5 and 10 dS.m-1 had negative effects on all studied traits in present study. In general, salinity stress reduced the yield and yield components of rapeseed and the use of calcium silicate reduced the negative effects of salinity stress in both Zarfam and Sarigol cultivars and Sarigol cultivar had more resistance than Zarfam cultivar to salt stress and it used more effectively from calcium silicate.