Nader Khadem Moghadam Igdelou; Ahmad Golchin; Khadije Farhadi
Abstract
In order to study the effect of Cobalt, Molybdenum, and Nitrogen on the growth of Phaseolus vulgaris in soilless culture, a pot experiment was conducted in 2015-16 and in July, at 25˚C and light intensity of 40,000 lux as a factorial based on a CRD with 36 treatments and three replications in the greenhouse ...
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In order to study the effect of Cobalt, Molybdenum, and Nitrogen on the growth of Phaseolus vulgaris in soilless culture, a pot experiment was conducted in 2015-16 and in July, at 25˚C and light intensity of 40,000 lux as a factorial based on a CRD with 36 treatments and three replications in the greenhouse of Zanjan University. The test factors consisted of four levels of Nitrogen (50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/l), three levels of Molybdenum (0.067, 0.2, and 0.6 mg/l) and, three levels of Cobalt (0.006, 0.06, and 0.3 mg/l). Factor levels were prepared by adding ammonium nitrate, ammonium molybdate, and cobalt chloride to a stock solution. Results of morphological traits showed that the highest pod dry weight was obtained in N100Mo0.6Co0.06 treatment which had a maximum difference of 47.9% with other treatments. The highest dry weight of shoots was obtained from N150Mo0.6Co0.006 treatment and the highest root dry weight was obtained from N150Mo0.6 and N150Co0.3 treatments. Also, the highest number of pods was obtained in N150Mo0.6, N100Co0.3 and Mo0.6Co0.3 treatments with values of 235.2, 266.4, and 220.8 g/pot, respectively. Investigation of physiological traits showed that the highest concentrations of Nitrogen, Molybdenum, and Cobalt were obtained from N200Mo0.6Co0.3, N150Mo0.6Co0.3, and N150Mo0.067Co0.006 treatments, respectively. Overall, it can be stated that the application of N100Mo0.6Co0.06 treatment can positively affect the dry weight of pods, which are economically productive and improve the performance of P. vulgaris (Talash cultivar).
maedeh fereshtian; Reza Salehi; abdolkarim kashi; Mesbah Babalar
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the physiological and biochemical effects of incompatibility between Khatooni melon (Cucumis melo GR. Inodorus accession Khatooni) scion on cucurbit rootstocks, a series of experiments was conducted in a randomized complete block design at the Horticultural Research Station ...
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Objective: To investigate the physiological and biochemical effects of incompatibility between Khatooni melon (Cucumis melo GR. Inodorus accession Khatooni) scion on cucurbit rootstocks, a series of experiments was conducted in a randomized complete block design at the Horticultural Research Station of the University of Tehran in Mohammadshahr, Karaj, in 2021.
Methodes: Seven different Cucurbit Rootstocks were applied in this research, which include: 'Rout Power', 'ES 900', 'RZ 12', 'Nongwoo 01', 'RZ6' 'Shintozwa', 'Marvel' and the seed rootstock of the melon cultivar 'Khatooni' with the scientific name (Cucumis melo GR. Inodorus accession Khatooni) was also used as a control plant in addition to the scion. Then the effects of incompatibility and compatibility on the yield of fruit weight, number of fruit and marketable yield were checked. Then biochemical activity of plant scion, such as sugar and starch content of scion leaves, leaf mineral elements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, B) and the amount of stress proteins and enzymes super oxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase (SOD, PO, CAT) were compared.
Results: Variance analysis revealed significant differences (p<0.01) among treatments in yield traits, stress enzyme activities, protein, and carbohydrate content. Elements such as nitrogen, potassium, calcium, and boron showed significant variation at the 5% level. The highest fruit weight, number of fruits, and marketable yield were observed with Rout Power and Shintozwa rootstocks, indicating incompatibility compared to the Marvel rootstock. Protein accumulation at the graft junction was 1.03 mg/fresh weight in incompatible Marvel rootstocks versus 0.6 mg in Shintozwa, which was more compatible. Higher antioxidant enzyme activities were found in incompatible rootstocks. Sugar and leaf starch contents were higher in Shintozwa relative to incompatible rootstocks, while leaves of compatible plants showed significantly greater levels of N, Ca, Mg, and B.
Conclusion: Rootstock incompatibility adversely affects physiological and biochemical growth traits and scion performance. The Marvel rootstock exhibited incompatibility, whereas Shintozwa demonstrated compatibility with the Khatooni melon scion. Therefore, Shintozwa is recommended as a suitable rootstock for melon grafting to ensure optimal growth and yield
Faezeh Daryaei; Magid Aghaalikhani
Abstract
Objective: The industrial medicinal guar plant (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. Taub.) is a drought-resistant plant well adapted to our country's climate. This plant can produce a desirable yield with low precipitation and minimize the cost of irrigation.
Method: To study the effect of planting density ...
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Objective: The industrial medicinal guar plant (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. Taub.) is a drought-resistant plant well adapted to our country's climate. This plant can produce a desirable yield with low precipitation and minimize the cost of irrigation.
Method: To study the effect of planting density and fertilizing systems on guar quantitative and qualitative yield, an experiment was conducted as factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications at research field of Tarbiat Modares University in 2018. Treatments included three planting densities (133,000 D1: 88,000 D2: and 66,000 plants per hectare D3) as the first factor and three nutitional treatments (fertilizing with urea 100 kg/ha; F1, vermicompost 6 ton/ha; F2 and bioGME 2.25 ton/ha; F3) were evaluated as the second factor. The quantitative traits which were measured for guar plant were plant height, number of pods per square meter, number of seeds per pod, weight of 1000 seeds, seed yield, biological yield and harvest index. At the end of the growing season, after removing the margins, random sampling was done from the middle rows of the plots (10 plants from each experimental plot) and the seeds of each treatment were sent to the laboratory to measure the morphological characteristics of the plant and the parameters of the quantitative and qualitative traits of the seeds.
Results: The results showed that pod number per m2, seed number per pod, 1000 seed weight, seed yield, oil and protein yield and harvest index were affected significantly by the interaction of density and fertilizer type. The treatment D2F2 was performed the highest amounts of above morphological traits including pod number per m2, seed number per pod, 1000 seed weight, seed yield, oil and protein yield and harvest index. The highest percentage of guargum was observed in D1F1 which was not significantly different from other levels of vermicompost and bioGME fertilizer application in the density of 133000 plants per hectare.
Conclusions: Alltogether, it is suggested that the vermicompost applied along with density of 88,000 plants / ha is appropriate for guar cultivation. However, fertilization by chemical manure in 133,000 plant / ha plant density is recommanded whereas the industrial purpose would be considered. Because, gurgum production was in maximized content when chemical fertilizer was applied.
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Ladan Ghorbani; Amin Salehi; Mohsen Movahhdi Dehnavi; Hamidreza Balouchi; Parvin Rostampour
Abstract
Objective: The effects of mycorrhizal and Plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria on some characteristics of milk thistle in different irrigation regimes was investigated.Methods: The experiment was conducted as a factorial based on completely randomized design in 3 replications at the research greenhouse ...
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Objective: The effects of mycorrhizal and Plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria on some characteristics of milk thistle in different irrigation regimes was investigated.Methods: The experiment was conducted as a factorial based on completely randomized design in 3 replications at the research greenhouse of Yasouj University in 2014-2015. The first factor included drought stress at 3 levels (irrigation after 20, 50 and 80% soil moisture depletion), and the second factor was biological fertilizer at 4 levels (control, mycorrhizal (Funneliformis moseae), bacteria (Bacillus subtilis) and mycorrhizal+bacillus.Results: The effect of irrigation regime and biofertilizer was significant on all traits, but the interaction of the factors was only significant on soluble sugar. The highest amount of nitrogen (23.58 mg.g-1), phosphorus (22.76 mg.g-1), protein (50.69 mg.g-1 leaf fresh weight), relative moisture content (70.20 %) and shoot dry weight (19.78 g) was obtained from irrigation after 20% moisture depletion from the soil and the highest amount of potassium (10.08 mg.g-1), proline (9.79 mg.g-1 leaf fresh weight) was obtained from irrigation after 80% moisture depletion. Among the fertilizer regimens, the highest amount of these traits, especially the shoot dry weight (21.71g), was obtained from the combination of mycorrhizal and bacterial biofertilizers. The highest amount of soluble sugar in stress levels was obtained from the integrated treatment of biofertilizers.Conclusion: Increase in the ability of milk thistle to absorb water and soil nutrients using biological fertilizers, and the effect of these nutrients in increasing the photosynthetic capacity and improving growth, has helped this plant to tolerate drought conditions.
Narges Salehi; Seyed Keyvan Marashi
Abstract
Objective: Excessive use of chemical fertilizers has led to issues regarding health of humans and other organisms. In this framework, this experiment was designed.Methods: The experiment was conducted based on a factorial experiment in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications. ...
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Objective: Excessive use of chemical fertilizers has led to issues regarding health of humans and other organisms. In this framework, this experiment was designed.Methods: The experiment was conducted based on a factorial experiment in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications. The investigated factors included no foliar application of amino acid, 1, 2 and 3 kg/ha and urea fertilizer consumption in 3 levels as 100, 66 and 33% of the locally-recommended rates.Results: The results showed that the maximum plant height, leaf area index, total dry matter, crop growth rate, net photosynthesis rate, chlorophyll index and grain yield was achieved under 100% urea fertilization and 3 kg/ha of amino acid application, while the minimum belonged to applying 33% of urea without amino acid foliar application of and the differences between them was significant. The maximum total dry matter and grain yield were observed under simultaneous application of 100% urea and 3 kg/ha amino acid, and the minimum was obtained under no foliar application of amino acid and 33% urea, which did not have a significant difference with 66% urea and the application of 3 kg/ha amino acid. Increasing grain yield, under 100% urea and 3 kg/ha amino acid compared to no foliar application of amino acid and 100% urea fertilizer (control) was equal to 76.8%.Conclusion: In general, it is possible to achieve a desirable yield in wheat, in addition to saving chemical fertilizers consumption, by applying 66% of urea fertilizer along with 3 kg/ha of amino acids.
Bohloul Abbaszadeh; Masoumeh Layeghhaghighi; Samaneh Asadi Sanam; Meysam Ansari
Abstract
Objective: Water deficit stress, permanent or temporary, limits the growth and distribution of natural vegetation and the performance of cultivated plants more than any other environmental factors.Methods: To investigate the effect of water absorption, drought stress and chemical fertilizers on Mint, ...
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Objective: Water deficit stress, permanent or temporary, limits the growth and distribution of natural vegetation and the performance of cultivated plants more than any other environmental factors.Methods: To investigate the effect of water absorption, drought stress and chemical fertilizers on Mint, this experiment was conducted in 2019 at the Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, in Karaj, Iran. The experiment was conducted as a split factorial experiment in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main factor was water absorption in two levels (use and no use) and the sub-factors were drought stress in three levels (90%FC, 60%FC and 30%FC) and chemical fertilizers (nitrogen and phosphor) in four levels (N0P0, N0P150, N300P0 and N300P150 kg/ha).Results: A mean comparison of the interactions of the super adsorbent treatments with stress and chemical fertilizers indicated that the highest leaf yield was achieved with the use of super adsorbent*90%FC*N300P0. Application of super adsorbent*90%FC*N0P150 had the highest inflorescence yield. A mean comparison of the interaction between super adsorbent, drought stress and chemical fertilizers indicated that the highest leaf essential oil percentage (2.9 %) was achieved in the treatment without super adsorbent*30%FC*N300P150. The use of super adsorbent*90%FC*N0P150 had the highest leaf essential oil yield. Mean comparison of the interaction between super adsorbent, drought stress and chemical fertilizers indicated that the highest inflorescence essential oil percentage and yield with the average of 10.2 % and 30.3 kg/ha, respectively, were achieved in the treatment without super adsorbent*90%FC*N300P0.Conclusion: Results indicated that mint is sensitive to water deficiency and sufficient moisture is necessary for its production.
Roya Mousavi; Vida Chalavi; Kamran Ghasemi; Mehdi Hadadinejad
Abstract
Objective: Considering the abundant use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture and their detriments to the environment, it is necessary to consider alternatives to prevent possible damage.Methods: A completely randomized factorial experiment with four replications was conducted in the Nur country to ...
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Objective: Considering the abundant use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture and their detriments to the environment, it is necessary to consider alternatives to prevent possible damage.Methods: A completely randomized factorial experiment with four replications was conducted in the Nur country to investigate the imapct of nitroxin and vermicompost on the qualitative and functional characteristics of Blackberry. The first factor was the percentage of vermicompost at five levels (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% by volume) and the second factor consisted of inoculation and lack of inoculation with nitroxin (Ni).Results: The results demonstrated that the highest fruit weight, number of fruits, and yield were observed at 20% vermicompost. Maximum fruit length (1.62 cm) was obtained with 10% vermicompost and nitroxin inoculation. In analyzing the biochemical traits, the highest soluble solids and taste index were observed in the 10% vermicompost treatment. The largest amount of anthocyanin was obtained in the 20 and 30% vermicompost treatments at 551 and 563 (mg/L fruit juice), respectively. The application of nitroxin along with 30% vermicompost yielded the highest amount of vitamin C among all treatments.Conclusion: The application of vermicompost at 20 to 30% levels had the best impact on the quantitative and qualitative traits of Blackberry, and in cases where high amounts of vermicompost exerted a negative effect on some traits, nitroxin was able to reduce this effect and enhance certain traits. In this assay, the application of vermicompost at 20-30% along with nitroxin demonstrated the best impacts on blackberry traits.
Elham Modiri; Davood Barari Tari; Ebrahim Amiri; Yousef Niknejad; Hormoz Fallah Amoli
Abstract
Objective: In order to simulate yield, leaf area, and nitrogen content in rice plant by using the ORYZA2000 model under different nitrogen fertilizer amounts and various splitting approaches, a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was carried out at ...
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Objective: In order to simulate yield, leaf area, and nitrogen content in rice plant by using the ORYZA2000 model under different nitrogen fertilizer amounts and various splitting approaches, a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was carried out at a research farm located in the Mazandaran Province (Babol) during 2017-18.Methods: The first factor comprised four nitrogen fertilizer rates (50, 90, 130, and 170 Kg n ha−1, supplied as urea) and the second factor comprised various fertilizer splitting appraoches (T1: 70% basal+ 30% in tillering stage; T2: 33.33% basal+ 33.33% in tillering stage+ 33.33% in panicle initiation stage; T3: 25% basal+ 50% in tillering stage+ 25% in panicle initiation stage; T4: 25% basal+ 25% in tillering stage+ 50% in panicle initiation stage).Results: The results demonstrated that the model successfully simulated grain yield, biomass, grain nitrogen, and total nitrogen with RMSEn of four, four, nine, and six percent in calibration, and five, four, four, and eight percent in validation, respectively. The mean square error for the leaf area index was 0.5 and 0.4 in the model’s calibration and validation, respectively.Conclusion: Based on the results obtained, the ORYZA2000 model can be used as a suitbale simulation model for selecting the best strategy for enhancing rice yield under different nitrogen fertilizer management in the rice-rich regions of northern Iran.
tahere jahantigh; Abdolshakoor Raissi; Hossein Piri
Abstract
Objective: This research was carried out with the aim of investigating the effect of Biofertilizers on some characteristics of guar in the crop year of 2018-2019 in Iranshahr city.Methods: The research was carried out in the form of a randomized complete block design with 8 treatments and 4 replications. ...
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Objective: This research was carried out with the aim of investigating the effect of Biofertilizers on some characteristics of guar in the crop year of 2018-2019 in Iranshahr city.Methods: The research was carried out in the form of a randomized complete block design with 8 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments included 1- Nitroxin (1 liter per hectare), 2- Mycorrhiza (200 kg per hectare), 3- Azotobacter (1 liter of fertilizer per 100 kg of seeds), 4- Rhizobium (1 liter of fertilizer per hectare), 5- Phosphate Barvar 2 (100 grams per hectare), 6- Phosphate Barvar 3 (100 grams per hectare), 7- Biosulfur (6 kg per hectare), and 8- control.Results: The results demonstrated that the effect of fertilizer type on most of the investigated characteristics was significant at the probability level of 1%. The effect of the treatments on the percentage of mucilage was significant at the five percent probability level. The highest biological yield (14.66), number of lateral branches (11.78), harvest index (31.79), plant height (166.53 cm), number of seeds per plant (52.47), seed yield (kg 4438/13 ha), seed nitrogen percentage (5.475), seed protein percentage (32.71), ash percentage (0.173), mucilage percentage (25.860) and swelling factor (1.83 ml) were obtained under the influence of the Nitroxin biofertilizer. The highest number of seeds in pod (5.17) and 1000-seed weight (35.67 g) were obtained under the effect of the biosulfur biofertilizer.Conclusion: Among the investigated treatments, the nitroxin biofertilizer and then the biosulfur exerted a relatively greater effect on most of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the guar plant.
ali ashori; Manoochehr Gholipoor; Ahmad Gholami; Hamid Abbasdokht
Abstract
Objective: The effect of magnetic and superabsorbent water was investigated on some morphophysiological traits and performance of cumin under a low irrigation regime.Methods: An experiment was conducted in the agricultural year of 1399-1400 in the research fields of the Faculty of Agriculture of Shahrood ...
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Objective: The effect of magnetic and superabsorbent water was investigated on some morphophysiological traits and performance of cumin under a low irrigation regime.Methods: An experiment was conducted in the agricultural year of 1399-1400 in the research fields of the Faculty of Agriculture of Shahrood University of Technology in two districts of Rahnjan and Garman of Shahrood city in a factorial format in the form of a randomized complete block design with three repetitions. Irrigation water type treatment at two levels (normal and magnetic) and locations (Rahanjan, Garman) with different climatic conditions and altitude above sea level as the main factor and superabsorbent treatment at three levels (zero, 100 and 200 kg/ha) as a secondary factor. Was considered. In all treatments, irrigation was applied based on 100% of plant water needs.Results: The results showed location, type of irrigation and different concentrations of superabsorbent had a positive and significant effect on the growth characteristics. In the Rahnjan region, due to the climatic conditions and higher average annual temperature and the treatment of 100 and 200 kg/ha of superabsorbent and the use of magnetic water, the highest amount of plant height, percentage and yield of essential oil and protein, soluble carbohydrates were observed.Conclusion: According to the results, most of the traits in the Rahnjan region had higher values than in the German region, and plant cultivation in the Rahnjan region is economical.
tayebe rostami; hamid abbasdokht; hassan makarian; Manoochehr Gholipoor; khalil karimzadehasl
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed at assessing the effects of mycorrhiza and phosphorus fertilizer on morphophysiological traits and yield of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) and maize (Zea mays L.) in an intercropping system by using of replacement method.Methods: A complete randomized block design (CRBD), ...
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Objective: This study aimed at assessing the effects of mycorrhiza and phosphorus fertilizer on morphophysiological traits and yield of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) and maize (Zea mays L.) in an intercropping system by using of replacement method.Methods: A complete randomized block design (CRBD), with three replications was implemented at two research farms affiliated with Shahrood University of Technology, located in Shahrood and Miami cities. The intercropping systems consisted of five cropping ratios: pure quinoa and maize cultivation, 75% quinoa + 25% maize, 50% quinoa + 50% maize, 25% quinoa + 75% maize. The first factor and phosphorus at three levels (zero, 50 and 100 kgha-1) and mycorrhiza at two levels (use and unuse) were considered as the second and third factors.Results: The results demonstrated that most of studied traits were significantly influenced by the intercropping systems, mycorrhiza application, and phosphorus concentrations. The highest plant height in maize (202.8 cm) and quinoa (81.3 cm) was obtained by use of mycorrhiza and phosphorus fertilizer 50 kgha-1. Similarly, the highest leaf area index in quinoa (86.2) and maize (6.57) amount of chlorophyll in quinoa and maize respectively (2.88 and 12.39 mg/ml) were obtained in Shahrood region by using mycorrhiza and 50 kgha-1 phosphorus fertilizer in cropping ratio 50 %.Conclusion: According to the results, the effects of different intercropping ratio, use of mycorrhiza, and phosphorus fertilizers had a significant impact on the morphophysiological characteristics of quinoa and maize.
HOSEIN nAZARLI; ali naderi arefi
Abstract
Objective: In order to improve the tolerance of German chamomile cultivars to moisture regimes, this factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design in three replicates, in the agricultural college of Tehran university in 2013-14 cropping season.
Methods: Experimental treatments ...
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Objective: In order to improve the tolerance of German chamomile cultivars to moisture regimes, this factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design in three replicates, in the agricultural college of Tehran university in 2013-14 cropping season.
Methods: Experimental treatments included moisture regimes (control and severe stress, i.e., 13% and 57% of allowable soil moisture depletion, respectively), two cultivars of chamomile (German Badgold and Hungarian modified cultivar) and foliar application with putrescine (with a concentration of 0.1 mM and 45 days after transfer to the pots).
Results: The results showed that the simple effect of putrescine polyamine on plant height and biomass was significant at 1% level and on harvest index at 5% level. Plant height did not have a significant response to putrescine in control conditions, but in severe stress (57% of soil water depletion), the effect of foliar application showed a significant boost (13.5%). The simple effect of putrescine on percentage and essential oil yield (at 1% level) was significant. Also, the interaction effect of moisture regimes and foliar application with putrescine on essential oil content (at 5% level) and essential oil yield (at 1% level) was considerable. Under optimal moisture conditions (13% of soil water depletion), putrescine resulted in a significant increase in essential oil content by 38%. But its foliar application in drought stress increased the essential oil content by only 4%. Foliar application of putrescine reduced the amount of farnesene and bisabolol B oxide in both conditions. Another important compound was bisabolone oxide A, wherein putrescine treatment had a positive effect on its accumulation so that under favorable conditions of moisture its concentration increased by 87%, but under conditions of stress its effect decreased, showing only 35%.
Conclusion: The use of putresin in chamomile is economically justified due to increased tolerance to dehydration stress and increased target secondary metabolites.
saeedeh kermani poorbaghaei; Majid Pouryousef; Alireza yousefi; masoud rafie
Abstract
This study was carried out to assess yield, yield components and quality traits of dragon’s head (Lallemantia iberica L.) ecotypes’ seeds grown using some anti-transpirant agents in rainfed system in two regions of Iran including Karaj & Khorramabad in 2018. The experiment was performed ...
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This study was carried out to assess yield, yield components and quality traits of dragon’s head (Lallemantia iberica L.) ecotypes’ seeds grown using some anti-transpirant agents in rainfed system in two regions of Iran including Karaj & Khorramabad in 2018. The experiment was performed based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with a 4×3 factorial arrangement consisting of three replications. The first factor consists of four different ecotypes of dragon’s head (Kurdistan, Takab, Nazarkahrizi and Kalibar) and the second factor including three anti-transpirant compounds (kaolin with a concentration of 5 Percent, chitosan with a concentration of 1 Percent and Ista with a concentration of 2 Percent) and no anti-transpirant (control). The results indicated that the triple interaction of ecotypes, anti-transpirant and location on most of the studied traits was significant. Among anti-transpirant, chitosan had the greatest effect on cultivated ecotype & increased grain, biomass, oil and mucilage yields by 20, 4, 11, and 18 Percent, respectively. Also, Nazarkahrizi, Kalibar, Kurdistan and Takab ecotypes cultivated in Karaj had the highest values in the studied traits under foliar application with anti-transpirant, respectively. According to the studies conducted in this study, the selection of a suitable ecotypes with the region and the use of antiperspirants improve the yield & yield components, quality traits of dragon’s head in rainfed cultivation conditions.
Babak Adouli; Bijan Moradi; Mohammad Ali Shiri; Masoumeh Kiaeshkevarian
Abstract
Pre-harvest citrus fruit splitting is a physiological disorder that causes significant damage to producers of susceptible cultivars by reducing the amount of crop available on the market. Proper management of tree nutrition and paying special attention to the three key elements of potassium, calcium, ...
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Pre-harvest citrus fruit splitting is a physiological disorder that causes significant damage to producers of susceptible cultivars by reducing the amount of crop available on the market. Proper management of tree nutrition and paying special attention to the three key elements of potassium, calcium, and boron, which are involved in the strength of cell walls and fruit peel flexibility, can be effective in reducing the fruit splitting severity. Therefore, an experiment has been carried out in the Ramsar (Citrus and Subtropical Fruits Research Center) during 2018 and 2019 to investigate the effects of foliar application of 1.0% potassium nitrate, 1.0% calcium nitrate, and 0.5% boric acid at the end of June drop on reducing the severity of splitting and some fruit traits of Page mandarin. This study is performed according to a combined analysis in time with two factors including years of experimentation and different treatments of foliar application of nutrients, based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The results show that the treatments especially 1.0% potassium nitrate have reduced pre-harvest fruit splitting, increased the yield, and improved the quantitative and qualitative fruit traits. However, they have had no significant effect on the activity of polygalacturonase enzyme, cell density of blossom-end, and navel diameter. Overall, foliar application of nutrients, especially 1.0% potassium nitrate, could be suggested as an effective approach to control pre-harvest fruit splitting and boost the quantity and quality of page mandarin fruit.
siavash aryafar; Alireza Sirousmehr; Iesa khammari; Ahmad ghanbari; Esmaeil Seyedabadi
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of tillage systems and the combination of chemical fertilizer and livestock manure on some characteristics of sunflower, an experiment has been conducted as split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of University ...
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In order to investigate the effect of tillage systems and the combination of chemical fertilizer and livestock manure on some characteristics of sunflower, an experiment has been conducted as split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of University of Zabol during 2019. The main factor has been tillage levels (1. moldboard plow and disc, 2. sweep and disc, and 3. disc). The sub-factor include fertilizer levels (no fertilizer application, 100 kg/ha of diammonium phosphate, 25 tons/ha of livestock manure+ 100 kg/ha of diamonium phosphate, 50 tons/ha of livestock manure + 100 kg/ha of diamonium phosphate, 25 tons/ha of livestock manure, and 50 tons/ha of livestock manure). Results show that the highest values belong to the 50 tons/ha of livestock manure in tillage with disk for grain yield (5072 kg/ha), and oil percentage (44.44%), 50 tons/ha of livestock manure in tillage with disc for oleic acid content (51.61%), and 50 tons/ha of livestock manure for linoleic acid content (31.1%). The highest amount of chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids (1.253, 0.45, and 1.04 mg/g, respectively) has been obtained from the application of 100 kg/ha of diamonium phosphate in tillage with disc. In general, in order to increase and improve the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sunflower, the application of 50 tons/ha of livestock manure is suitable in disc tillage conditions.
mohsen zafaranieh
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effects of planting date and plant density on phenology, seed yield, and essential oil quality of Guar, an experiment has been conducted during 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 growing seasons. It is a split plot layout based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. ...
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In order to evaluate the effects of planting date and plant density on phenology, seed yield, and essential oil quality of Guar, an experiment has been conducted during 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 growing seasons. It is a split plot layout based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Different planting dates are considered as the main factor, including September 5th to February 5th as monthly. Three plant densities are considered as sub-factor (20, 40, and 60 plants in a square meter). The required growing degree- day (GDD) from sowing to physiological maturity ranges between 1802.3 and 2347.9 °d on different planting dates. The highest GDD from sowing to physiological maturity is observed on May 5th. The highest seed yield (3780 kg / ha) and galactomannan yield (1050 kg / ha), 100- seed weight (3.5 g), and oil percentage (17.9%) belong to May 5th + 40 plants per m2. by delaying planting time, 100- seed weight causes oil percentage to drop and the seed yield (40%), galactomannan (68%) and the oil percentage (15%) are observed in September. Therefore, it seems that the best time and density for planting Alyssum is May 5th with a density of 40 plants per m2.
Babak Darvishi; Mehrdad Eshghi; Sarhad Bahrami; Hamid Nasiri; Rahmat Azad; Atefe Khandan; Rahman Bakhtar; abbas Norouzi
Abstract
Value for Cultivation and Use (VCU) test is performed by Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute (SPCRI) or its legal representative according to articles 17-24 of second part of the executive regulations of the law on Registration of Plant Varieties. In this regard, in order to value ...
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Value for Cultivation and Use (VCU) test is performed by Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute (SPCRI) or its legal representative according to articles 17-24 of second part of the executive regulations of the law on Registration of Plant Varieties. In this regard, in order to value for cultivation and use test of two imported chickpea cultivars (Araz and Goksu), an experiment is conducted based on complete randomized block design in three replications and four locations (Oshnavieh, Moghan, Saral and Kamyaran) during 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. Results show that the amount of chickpea seed yield in Oshnavieh location (temperate cold rejoin) is significantly higher than other studied locations (3365.5 kg.ha-1). Due to the significant interaction of cultivar × location on seed yield, different cultivars have had the highest yield in different locations. The highest 100 seed weight has belonged to Araz (39.11 gr), Goksu (37.04 gr), and Saeed (36.22 gr) cultivars. Goksu has had the highest height of first pod (21.59 cm), followed by Hashem (20.13 cm), Araz (19.43 cm), Saeed (19.02 cm) and Mansour (18.08 cm). Goksu, Mansour and Saeed cultivars has had longest physiological maturity period. The physiological maturity period in Araz and Areman cultivars is significantly shorter than other studied cultivars. Araz and Goksu cultivars are considered two suitable chickpea germplasm for cultivation in Iran due to their appropriate yield, higher 100 seed weight and higher first pod height.
Hadi asadpour; Saeid Hazrati; Amir reza Sadeghi-Bakhtvari; Bahman Pasban Eslam
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) reduce the effects of drought stress by altering some root properties and absorbing nutrients and water in plants. In order to evaluate the effect of AMF on some characteristics of spring safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.-cv. Sofeh) under water-deficit condition, this ...
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Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) reduce the effects of drought stress by altering some root properties and absorbing nutrients and water in plants. In order to evaluate the effect of AMF on some characteristics of spring safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.-cv. Sofeh) under water-deficit condition, this experiment has been carried out at research farm of the Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz in 2018. The experiment is done as a split plot in a completely randomized blocks design with three replications. The results show that the highest petal yield under non-water stress is 281.6 kg/ha and the lowest stress from flowering stage to 197.3 kg/ha. In the control, the highest content of seed oil is 30.65% related to the seed inoculated with AMF. The highest oil yield is obtained from the condition without stress with 1098.9 kg/ha, also in seed inoculated with fungus of 1107.8 kg/ha. The highest seed yield (4884.4 kg/ha) is obtained in the condition without water stress and inoculation of seeds and soil with AMF. In general, water stress leads to reduced yield and inoculation with AMF, especially inoculation of seeds and soil, yield of plants under water stress due to the positive effect on growth improve nutrition and water uptake. Plants inoculated with AMF display improved growth, yield and oil content under water stress conditions than non-inoculated plants.
Mohamad reza Kimiaei; Alireza Sirousmehr; Barat ALI Fakheri
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of irrigation regimes and foliar silicon spraying on quantitative and physiological characteristics of borage (Borago officinalis), an experiment is conducted as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications during 2014 at the University ...
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In order to investigate the effects of irrigation regimes and foliar silicon spraying on quantitative and physiological characteristics of borage (Borago officinalis), an experiment is conducted as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications during 2014 at the University of Zabol research farm in Zahak. Treatments include irrigation regimes at three levels; (90%, 70%, and 50% FC) comprising the main-treatments and four levels of silicon sprying including spraying in the form of sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) (0, 2, 4, and 6 mM) as sub-treatments. The results indicate that the highest amount of proline is obtained from the interaction of irrigation regime with 50% of field capacity, without the use of silicon at the rate of 0.7847 mg.g-1. Based on the results of average comparison, the highest amount of chlorophyll a (15.919 mg/g fresh weight), chlorophyll b (7.14 mg/g fresh weight), from the interaction of irrigation regime 70% of field capacity and application of 2 mM silicon, as well as number of flowers per plant, total dry yield of plant (520 kg.ha-1) and biological yield (1187 520 kg.ha-1) Per hectare), 70% and 50% of field capacity and application of 6 mM silicon are obtained from the interaction effect of irrigation regime, respectively. Overall, the results suggest that silicon application mitigate drought stress impact and led to increasing drought tolerance of borage. Since flower and flowering branches of plant has economic value and application of 4 mM silicon acid is recommended to obtain the greatest flower yield under drought stress conditions.
Amirali Mohammadi; Mehdi Hadadinejad; hosein sadeghi; Kamran Ghasemi
Abstract
Blackberry is a temperate plant that can also be grown in the greenhouse for off-season fruit production as well as greater profit. This study is conducted as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications as a pot inside the soil. The first factor has been the cultivar ...
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Blackberry is a temperate plant that can also be grown in the greenhouse for off-season fruit production as well as greater profit. This study is conducted as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications as a pot inside the soil. The first factor has been the cultivar (early, intermediate, and late) and the second one is the nutrition program at six levels of NPK(N0P0K0(control), N0P0K0, N50P0K25, N50P0K50, N50P25K50, and N50P12.5K25 kg/ha), applied as fertigation. Results show that the use of nutrients release the highest amount of nitrogen and potassium in the late cultivar. The highest shoot length and chlorophyll index belong to N50P0K25 treatment. Furthermore, blackberry’s response to different ratios of nutrients for shoot fresh weight in different cultivars show a different trend; however, the highest shoot fresh weight occurs in late cultivar in both N50P0K0 and N50P0K50 treatments. Results also show that maximum yield in early and intermediate cultivars in N50P0K25 treatment and in treatment with phosphorus (N50P25K50) could be observed in the late cultivar. The highest amount of soluble solids in early cultivar and N50P0K25 treatment belong to 12.9 Brixo. In general, though the use of NPK nutrients is effective in most studied traits, the role of N and K in improving the vegetative and reproductive traits in blackberry has been especially tangible for the two early and intermediate cultivars.
Asma Aslani; Mahroo Mojtabaie Zamani
Abstract
In order to investigate the possibility of reducing the negative effects of late-season heat stress using phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, this experiment is carried out as split factorial based on a complete randomized block design with three replications in a farm located in Haftkol city under the ...
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In order to investigate the possibility of reducing the negative effects of late-season heat stress using phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, this experiment is carried out as split factorial based on a complete randomized block design with three replications in a farm located in Haftkol city under the supervision of Ramhormoz Islamic Azad University, during the growing season 2016-2017. The main factor consists of planting date in two levels (22 November and 2 January) and the sub factors as a factorial consisted of five bread wheat cultivars (Chamran2, Mehregan, Sirvan, Shush and Barat) and of two levels application of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (inoculation and without inoculation). The results show that with a delay in planting and occurrence of heat stress in grain filling period, grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, and effective grain filling period are decreased and grain filling rate is increased. Also, the reaction intensity has varied depending on the cultivar. Mehregan cultivar has high yield in both planting dates and in the delayed planting date with the highest increase in grain filling rate and the lowest decrease in number of seeds per spike, had the highest grain yield and harvest index. By inoculating the seeds with bacteria, on both planting dates, on average, the number of seeds per spike is increased by 4.6%, grain yield by 7.6%, and biological yield by 7%, but the interaction effect between planting date, cultivar and bacteria on yield and its related traits is not significant. Therefore, the effect of phosphate solubilizing bacteria on mitigating the effect of heat stress is not proven and the positive effect of bacteria is the same on both planting dates. Overall, in this study, higher ability to increase grain filling speed and maintain more grain number per spike are identified as two important traits for achieving higher grain yield under late-season heat stress conditions.
Abdollah Hasanzadeh Gorttapeh; Saeid Heydarzadeh; Amir Rahimi
Abstract
Amaranth forage plants, due to their nutritional properties and ability to adapt to drought conditions, can be a good option to deal with water deficiency and increased productivity under different fertilizer systems. This experiment spans for 2 years in form of a complete random block design based on ...
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Amaranth forage plants, due to their nutritional properties and ability to adapt to drought conditions, can be a good option to deal with water deficiency and increased productivity under different fertilizer systems. This experiment spans for 2 years in form of a complete random block design based on a factorial with three replications, three levels of irrigation (irrigation after depleting 40%, 60%, and 75% of available water) as the first factor and organic (cow manure and phosphate-2), chemical (phosphorus and nitrogen), integrated, and control (no fertilizer) fertilizer systems as the second one. Results of this study show that crude protein, digestibility of dry matter, water-soluble carbohydrates, digestible nutrients, relative nutritional value, and specific energy of lactation, due to the application of different fertilizer systems in each irrigation level have been improved, compared to non-consumption of the fertilizer. The performance of biomass and forage protein are increased by 38.89% and 54.37%, 30.60% and 41.23%, and 22.20% and 34.92% in optimal, moderate, and severe stress conditions, respectively in integrated fertilizer system than the control. Also, this study shows that the use of organic fertilizers alone or combined with chemical fertilizers improve quantitative and qualitative traits of amaranthus forage irrigation after depleting 40% and 60% of available water. So, optimal use of biological inputs for sustainable agriculture and reduction of pollution, caused by the use of chemical fertilizers, is recommended.
Amir hooshang Jalali; Ahmad Mousapour Gorji
Abstract
The phenomenon of reduced potato yield have increased in recent years under adverse conditions, such as water stress. The effects of water stress on yield and yield component of three potato cultivars have been evaluated in this study during 2019 growing season. This investigation has been arranged as ...
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The phenomenon of reduced potato yield have increased in recent years under adverse conditions, such as water stress. The effects of water stress on yield and yield component of three potato cultivars have been evaluated in this study during 2019 growing season. This investigation has been arranged as split-plot experiment, based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at Rozveh Agricultural Research Station (Chadegan, Isfahan, Iran). The main-plots are assigned to irrigation levels (75% and 100% field capacity) and sub-plots to potato cultivars (Marfona, Agria, and Atousa). To ensure the initial establishment of the plant and prevent severe crop failure, one additional irrigation has been performed at the establishment stage, with two supplementary irrigations performed at the tuber initiation stage for all plots. There has been a significant interaction between irrigation level and cultivars for tuber yields (α<%1) as well as other traits (α<%5). In water stress conditions, yield and water use efficiency of Atousa, new cultivar, are more than the other cultivars. Marketable yield of Atousa cultivar is about 40% higher than Marfona and Agria cultivars. The new cultivar produces 6.53 kg of tubers per cubic meter of water, while water use efficiency for Marfona and Agria is only 4.82 and 5.02 kg m-3, respectively. In conclusion, it is suggested that Atusa cultivar in both water stress and in normal conditions is more suitable for cultivation in the study area than in Marfona and Agria cultivars.
Maryam Rahimi Jahangirlou; Gholam Akbari; Iraj Allah dadi; Saeid Soufizadeh; Maryam Rahimi Jahangirlou
Abstract
Studies to assess quality of dent maize grain are noteworthy because of its wide use as food, feed and ethanol production. This study aimed to evaluate the concentration and composition of starch and oil in maize grain in response to different cultivars (KSC704 and KSC260), planting dates (20 June and ...
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Studies to assess quality of dent maize grain are noteworthy because of its wide use as food, feed and ethanol production. This study aimed to evaluate the concentration and composition of starch and oil in maize grain in response to different cultivars (KSC704 and KSC260), planting dates (20 June and 21 July), irrigation (12-day and 6-day intervals) and nitrogen (0 and 184 kg N ha-1) rate as the strip-plot factorial statistical model during the 2018 growing season in Pakdasht county of Iran. The results suggested that nitrogen application increased grain yield by one tonnes ha-1. In addition, KSC260 had higher grain yield than KSC704 by 0.96 tonnes ha-1. All compositional variables except stearic acid were affected by the interaction effect of irrigation and nitrogen rate. In low irrigated treatments, nitrogen application reduced the amount of oil, palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid. In low irrigated condition, nitrogen application had no effect on increasing the concentration of starch and amylopectin. The use of nitrogen fertilizer reduced the amount of stearic acid by 0.05 g kg-1. In conclusion, the balance between irrigation and nitrogen utilization seems to be important for improving the oil and starch properties of maize grain.
kamel sajed gollojeh; Saeid Khomari; parisa sheikhzadeh mosadegh; naser sabaghnia; mehdi mohebodini
Abstract
The present research is carried out to study the effects of foliar application of Nano material and Salicylic acid (SA) on some agronomy, yield, and yield components of spring rapeseed under different water limitation treatments. For this subject an experiment has been conducted as split plot based on ...
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The present research is carried out to study the effects of foliar application of Nano material and Salicylic acid (SA) on some agronomy, yield, and yield components of spring rapeseed under different water limitation treatments. For this subject an experiment has been conducted as split plot based on a randomized complete block design with four replications at the research fields of Faculty of Agriculture and natural resource of Mohaghegh Ardabili University, during 2017 and 2018 growing years. Water limitation treatments include full irrigation (control), irrigation termination at stem elongation, flowering and seed formation stages, and foliar spray of Nano-Material in form of Nano-silicon dioxide (nSiO2) at three levels of zero (control), 60, and 300 mg.L-1 as well as salicylic acid (SA) at three levels of zero (control), 0.5, and 2.5 mM. The results of combined analysis show that the effect of year has been significant on main branch and sub branches number per plant, number of pod per plant, number of seed per pod, and seed yield traits. Water limitation has decreased all studied treats, so the foliar application improves growth traits, yield, and yield components of rapeseed plants. The highest seed yields have been 2705 and 3271 kg.h-2, in first and second experiment years, respectively, which are from applying 300 mg.L-1 with 0.5 nSiO2 and/or 2.5 mM of SA at normal irrigation (control treatment). The lowest rate belongs to non-foliar application especially at irrigation termination at stem elongation, flowering stages.