Raheleh Ghale Ghafi; Hossein HajiAbaee; Fathieh Nabhani; Salvia Mohammadpour; Zahra Ardanji Kalate Siyahdasht
Abstract
Objective: This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the influence of mycorrhizal fungi (Rhizophagus irigularis) and rhizobacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens) inoculation on maize under different fertilization conditions.Methods: This study was carried out in two separate experiments under ...
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Objective: This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the influence of mycorrhizal fungi (Rhizophagus irigularis) and rhizobacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens) inoculation on maize under different fertilization conditions.Methods: This study was carried out in two separate experiments under greenhouse settings in 2018. The first experiment aimed to compare the conventional soil inoculation method with microbial seed coating, and the second experiment strived to assess the growth of maize inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria via microbial seed coating at three treatment levels of Hoagland nutrient solution (Control, 80 and 100 volumetric percentage of Hoagland solution). In both experiments, one gram of maize roots and adhering soil were sampled 70 days after microbial seed coating and the available DNA was extracted from the maize rhizosphere.Results: In the first experiment, no significant difference was observed between conventional soil inoculation and microbial seed coating concerning the dry weight of stems and roots, longitudinal colonization percentage of the roots, arbuscule abundance, vesicles abundance, and elemental concentration. In the second experiment and under full fertilization condition, mycorrhizal inoculation resulted in a significant increase in concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and zinc (18.1, 3.5, 56 and 46.0 mg/kg, respectively) compared to the control treatment (12.6, 3.1, 39.6, and 24.4 mg/kg, respectively), and the bacterial inoculation exhibited a significant increase for magnesium, zinc, and manganese (2.0, 42.6, and 145 mg/kg, respectively) compared to the control treatment (1.0, 24.4, and 60 mg/kg, respectively).Conclusion: Microbial seed coating could be regarded as a novel approach of large-scale inoculation of microorganisms in maize production.
Ali Yazdan panah gohari; Marzieh Ghanbari Jahromi; Vahid Zarrin nia
Abstract
Mycorrhiza is a common group of microorganisms that can establish symbiotic relations with plants. To evaluate symbiosis and compatibility between a collection of chicory seeds and mycorrhizal fungi, through inoculation, a factorial experiment is set up in a randomized complete block design. Two batches ...
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Mycorrhiza is a common group of microorganisms that can establish symbiotic relations with plants. To evaluate symbiosis and compatibility between a collection of chicory seeds and mycorrhizal fungi, through inoculation, a factorial experiment is set up in a randomized complete block design. Two batches of chicory seed (Ardabil and Fars) are inoculated by two species of mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices) with the control group of the seeds not being inoculated at all. Three replicates have been arranged in a greenhouse. The research aims at examining how the two species of mycorrhizal fungi affect several plant traits and the amounts of phytochemical compounds (i.e. phenol, flavonoids, antioxidant activity, chlorophyll a and b, total chlorophyll), fresh and dry weights of roots and root length. It also deals with chicory roots’ ability to absorb several elements. Results show that seed batch and mycorrhizal fungi have significant impacts on vegetative traits, chlorophyll content, phenol, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity in plants. The highest amounts of total phenol production (3.77 mg/g fresh weight), total flavonoids (1.21 mg/g fresh weight), antioxidant activity (5.23 mg/g fresh weight), root growth and chlorophyll content are observed in the Ardabil batch when treated with G. intraradices. The lowest amounts of these values are recorded in the Fars batch where no mycorrhizal inoculation has been applied. The two batches of seeds grow into plants with different growth rates and phytochemical compositions. The growth parameters of plants improve in the case of mycorrhizal inoculation. The effects of G. intraradices are more efficient than those of G. mosseae in symbiosis with chicory plants. Based on the results of the present study and considering the compatibility of mycorrhiza with the environment, the use of these fungi can substantially increase the yield of various plants, especially medicinal plants.
Mohsen Seilsepour
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of different application methods of humic acid and aminochelate (Foliar application and soil application) on growth and yield of cucumber (Cucumis sativus. L), an experiment has been conducted under greenhouse conditions with factorial design based on randomized complete block ...
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To evaluate the effects of different application methods of humic acid and aminochelate (Foliar application and soil application) on growth and yield of cucumber (Cucumis sativus. L), an experiment has been conducted under greenhouse conditions with factorial design based on randomized complete block with three replications during two years (2018-2019) in Tehran agricultural a natural resources research and education center. The humic acid factors are as three levels (untreated, soil application, and foliar spray) and aminochelate factor are as three levels (untreated, soil application, and foliar spraying). The effects of humic acid, the effects of aminochelate, and their intraction on yield, number of fruits per plant, fruit dry matter, and leaf chlorophyll index have been significant. The highest fruit yield, number of fruits per plant, fruit dry matter, and leaf chlorophyll index are obtained from soil application of humic acid and aminocholate, being 57.4%, 58.6%, 56.4%, and 43.8%, more than the control, respectively. Also, the effects of humic acid, the effects of amino chelate, and their intraction have been significant on concentration of macronutrients in leaf. The highest concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium of the leaves are obtained from the application of humic acid and aminoclate in soil. Thus, the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium due to soil application of humic acid and aminolate increase by 44%, 51%, and 5%8, respectively. Based on the results, in order to achieve the maximum yield of greenhouse cucumber, the combined use of humic acid and aminocholate as soil application is recommended.
Mahdi Amirusefi; Mahmoud Reza Tadayon; Rahim Ebrahimi
Abstract
The present experiment has been conducted as a split plot factorial based on completely randomized block design with three replications in 2018-2019 crop season on a saline farm (with an electrical conductivity of 5.2 dS/m) in Dastgerd area, Isfahan Province. Four levels of irrigation (25%, 50%, 75%, ...
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The present experiment has been conducted as a split plot factorial based on completely randomized block design with three replications in 2018-2019 crop season on a saline farm (with an electrical conductivity of 5.2 dS/m) in Dastgerd area, Isfahan Province. Four levels of irrigation (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of FC) compose the main factors and biofertilizer (the control, Nitroxin, Biophosphorus, and their combination) as well as chemical fertilizer in two level of no application and integrated application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers are the sub-factor. Severe drought stress (25% FC irrigation treatment) increase the measured traits (antioxidant enzyme activity including catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase along with Proline and Malondialdehyde content) in quinoa by about 46%, 52%, 142%, 42%, and 39%, compared to non-stress conditions (100% FC irrigation treatment), respectively. Also, they significantly reduce grain and biological yield in this plant (by about 76% and 49%, respectively). However, at all drought stress levels , the combination of nitroxin and biophosphorus under conditions of simultaneous use of chemical fertilizers of nitrogen and phosphorus shows the maximum effect on moderation of drought stress effects, significantly reducing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and, consequently, increasing yield, compared to other treatments at the same drought level. Overall, the results demonstrate that despite the salinity of the tested soil, quinoa has been able to complete its growth and seed production even under severe drought stress conditions.
Nader Khadem Moghadam Igdelou; Ahmad Golchin; Khadije Farhadi
Abstract
Elements such as nitrogen (N), molybdenum (Mo), and cobalt (Co) are needed to improve the quantity and quality of beans. In order to study the effects of these elements on pod yield and concentration of nutrients in bean, a factorial pot experiment was conducted in 2016 in greenhouse conditions at University ...
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Elements such as nitrogen (N), molybdenum (Mo), and cobalt (Co) are needed to improve the quantity and quality of beans. In order to study the effects of these elements on pod yield and concentration of nutrients in bean, a factorial pot experiment was conducted in 2016 in greenhouse conditions at University of Zanjan, using a CRD with three replications. The experimental factors consisted of four levels of N (50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/l), three levels of Mo (0.067, 0.2, and 0.6 mg/l), and Co (0.006, 0.06, and 0.3 mg/l). The results showed that the highest dry weight of pods was obtained from treatment of N100Mo0.2Co0.06 which was 34.05 g/pot and had no significant difference with N150Mo0.6Co0.06 treatment. The application of different levels of factors increased the concentrations of N, P, and Mg in bean leaves in treatments of N200Mo0.6Co0.3, N200Mo0.6Co0.006, and N150Mo0.6Co0.3 and the highest increase in concentrations of mentioned elements were 6.94, 0.91, and 0.41% respectively. However, the concentrations of K and Ca decreased as a result of the application of the factors. The highest concentrations of Fe, Mn, Cu, Mo, and Co bean were measured in treatments of N200Mo0.6Co0.006, N150Mo0.2Co0.006, N200Mo0.6Co0.3, N150Mo0.6Co0.3, and N150Mo0.067Co0.006 which were 490, 185.4, 8.26, 284.5, and 54.9 mg/kg, respectively. Overall, according to the results, N100Mo0.2Co0.06 is recommended for bean.
payman abbaszadeh dahaji; Dina S. Rezaie; Abdolreza Akhgar; Ali A. Soltani
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of bacterial isolates on growth parameters and nutrient uptake in two varieties of maize (such as SC704 & TWC645), two experiments were separately conducted based on a completely randomized design with four replications in greenhouse of University of Vali-e-Asr in ...
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In order to evaluate the effect of bacterial isolates on growth parameters and nutrient uptake in two varieties of maize (such as SC704 & TWC645), two experiments were separately conducted based on a completely randomized design with four replications in greenhouse of University of Vali-e-Asr in 2014. The experimental treatments consist of four isolates of fluorescent Pseudomonads (P7, P15, P24 and P29) and control (without bacteria inoculation). The results showed that the inoculation with isolates P29, P15, P7, P15, P29 and p24 respectively increased shoot dry weight (42.9 %), shoot length (23.7 %), leaf area (43.6 %), chlorophyll content (15.9 %), root dry weight (49.8 %) and root mass in variety of SC704 compared to the control (no inoculation). The application of most of the examined isolates enhanced the uptake of N, P, K, Ca and Mn in variety of SC704 significantly compared to the control. The examined isolates increased the uptake of Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn in root and shoot in variety of TWC645 significantly compared to the control. The highest uptake of Zn was observed in treatment P29 which raised the uptake of Zn in root and shoot 66.2 and 41.8 respectively in variety of TWC645 in comparison with control. All isolates had significant effect on SC704 root zinc uptake and largest increase in shoot Zn uptake was related to isolate P29 with 60.2% increase compared to the control. Overall, our observations revealed that the inoculation of maize with selected isolates had effective role on the growth and uptake of nutrients in maize.
Moslem Heydari; Nooshin Mir; S. Mohsen Moussavinik
Abstract
To investigate the effect of nanofertilizers functionalized with two organic compounds in phosphorusreleasing and its influence on the growth parameters of bean plant, a factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design in 3 replicationsat the Agriculture Research Center of Hamadan ...
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To investigate the effect of nanofertilizers functionalized with two organic compounds in phosphorusreleasing and its influence on the growth parameters of bean plant, a factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design in 3 replicationsat the Agriculture Research Center of Hamadan in 2014. Fertilizer treatments including P0 (zeolite without functional group (control sample)), P1 (zeolite + AcAcEN ligand), P2 (zeolite + HED ligand) and P3 (triple super phosphate) and also twotypes of bean including the red beans (PhaseolusvulgarisL) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculataL.) were used. Results showed that in comparison with two other zeolite fertilizers,usingnanozeolite functionalized with HED ligandresulted in improving the quantitative and qualitativeparameters of bean. Compared with triple super phosphate, P2 fertilizer showed better results in the case of grain yield and plant phosphorus uptake and moreover, phosphorus leaching was lower in this fertilizer. The general results of this report is representative of the useful and effective role of nanozeolite functionalized with HED ligand in improving the growth parameters as well as qualitative and quantitative characteristics of bean plant.
Hamed heydari; Amin Salehi
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effects of vermicompost organic fertilizers on root weight, stem weight, root length, stem length, content of photosynthetic pigments and element uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of different ecotype’s of Stachys pilifera L., a factorial based on a completely ...
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In order to evaluate the effects of vermicompost organic fertilizers on root weight, stem weight, root length, stem length, content of photosynthetic pigments and element uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of different ecotype’s of Stachys pilifera L., a factorial based on a completely randomized design with three replications was conducted at the research greenhouse, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, during 2012. Factors were vermicompost at four levels (0, 5, 10 and 15 weight percent) and ecotype at four levels (Margoon, Loudab, Abnahr and Sepidar). The results showed that Loudab and Margoon ecotype’s had the maximum nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and chlorophyll b contents and Sepidar and Abnahr ecotype’s plants had the minimum of them. In a greenhouse experiment, 15 and 0 percent vermicompost had the maximum and minimum levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and chlorophyll b, respectively, as application of vermicompost by 15 percent in the above mentioned traits increased 71/43, 61/24, 33/33 and 75% compared to control, respectively. The maximum and minimum of total chlorophyll, chlorophyll-a and carotenoid contents were obtained at Loudab and Sepidar ecotype’s with 15 and 0 percent of vermicompost, respectively. In general, the results of this study showed that Ecotypes of the habitats of the lower regions better adapt to greenhouse conditions. Result Also, indicated that application of vermicompost in level of 15 percent had a significant role in improving the morphophysiological characteristics of Stachys pilifera L. and can be used as a suitable planting bed for this plant.
Mehrdad Ranjbar; Hadi Ghorbani; Mehdi Ghajar Sepanlou
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of long-term application of Municipal Solid Waste Compostand chemical fertilizer on concentration of macro elements (N, P and K) in the soil and rice, an experiment was carried out as a randomized complete blocks design with three replications and 14 fertilizer treatments ...
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In order to investigate the effect of long-term application of Municipal Solid Waste Compostand chemical fertilizer on concentration of macro elements (N, P and K) in the soil and rice, an experiment was carried out as a randomized complete blocks design with three replications and 14 fertilizer treatments in 2014. Fertilizer treatments included the control (without fertilizer and organic fertilizer), fertilizer treatments (based on the soil analysis), and treatments of 15, 30 and 45 tons of municipal solid waste compost per hectare as simple form along with 1/4, 2/4 and 3/4 of chemical fertilizer. Results showed that 7-year application of municipal solid waste compost increased significantly the concentration of some macro nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) in soil and rice grain compared with the control treatment (P<0.01). The highest concentration of macro elements in soil was obtained in 45 tons of municipal solid waste compost plus 75% fertilizer treatment, which showed 73.68% increase in nitrogen concentration, 230% increase in the concentration of phosphorus and 30.74% increase in potassium concentration in comparison to the control treatment. The highest concentration of potassium element in rice grain was obtained 45 tons in municipal solid waste compost plus 75% fertilizer treatment. The lowest concentration of macro elements was in soil and rice in the control treatment and chemical fertilizer. Finally, Municipal Solid waste compost can be combined for fertilizer to increase the concentration of some macro elements in soil and rice.