Babak Adouli; Bijan Moradi; Mohammad Ali Shiri; Masoumeh Kiaeshkevarian
Abstract
Pre-harvest citrus fruit splitting is a physiological disorder that causes significant damage to producers of susceptible cultivars by reducing the amount of crop available on the market. Proper management of tree nutrition and paying special attention to the three key elements of potassium, calcium, ...
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Pre-harvest citrus fruit splitting is a physiological disorder that causes significant damage to producers of susceptible cultivars by reducing the amount of crop available on the market. Proper management of tree nutrition and paying special attention to the three key elements of potassium, calcium, and boron, which are involved in the strength of cell walls and fruit peel flexibility, can be effective in reducing the fruit splitting severity. Therefore, an experiment has been carried out in the Ramsar (Citrus and Subtropical Fruits Research Center) during 2018 and 2019 to investigate the effects of foliar application of 1.0% potassium nitrate, 1.0% calcium nitrate, and 0.5% boric acid at the end of June drop on reducing the severity of splitting and some fruit traits of Page mandarin. This study is performed according to a combined analysis in time with two factors including years of experimentation and different treatments of foliar application of nutrients, based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The results show that the treatments especially 1.0% potassium nitrate have reduced pre-harvest fruit splitting, increased the yield, and improved the quantitative and qualitative fruit traits. However, they have had no significant effect on the activity of polygalacturonase enzyme, cell density of blossom-end, and navel diameter. Overall, foliar application of nutrients, especially 1.0% potassium nitrate, could be suggested as an effective approach to control pre-harvest fruit splitting and boost the quantity and quality of page mandarin fruit.
Abbas Keshtehgar; Mahdi Dahmardeh; Behrooz Keshtegar; Ahmad Ghanbari; Issa Khammari
Abstract
To evaluate the production of mashhadi melon (Khatouni cultivar) under different management of fertilizer levels and vermicompost bed, this study has been conducted as a factorial experiment in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications during the spring of 2020 crop year ...
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To evaluate the production of mashhadi melon (Khatouni cultivar) under different management of fertilizer levels and vermicompost bed, this study has been conducted as a factorial experiment in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications during the spring of 2020 crop year as two separate designs in Fariman and Zahak counties. Application of fertilizers in six levels include non-use of fertilizer (control), cow manure, sheep manure, nanobiomic foliar application, silicone foliar application, and complete application of chemical fertilizer as the first factor and four different levels of vermicompost include non-use of vermicompost (control), 5, 10, and 15 tons per hectare as the second factor. Results show that the highest fruit yield, total titration, percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus, fruit potassium, and fruit flesh thickness in both Fariman and Zahak counties are obtained from nanobiomic foliar application under 15 tons per hectare of vermicompost. Also, the highest percentage of total soluble solids in Fariman county is observed jointly in the treatment of sheep manure and the treatment of chemical fertilizers and Zahak county in the treatment of non-use of fertilizer (control) under 10 tons per hectare of vermicompost. In Fariman County, results of cow manure, sheep manure, nanobiomic, silicon, and chemical fertilizers at the levels of 10 tons and 15 tons per hectare of vermicompost has not shown any significant difference. Therefore, with less consumption of vermicompost, to achieve the desired amount of yield, fruit texture characteristics, and nutrient uptake, nanobiomic foliar application under 10 tons per hectare of vermicompost is recommended for melon cultivation in Fariman County.
Zahra Esfahani; Taher Barzegar; Zahra Ghahremani; Jafar Nikbakht
Abstract
In order to study the effect of water deficit stress and foliar spray of Megafol on yield, fruit quality and water use efficiency (WUE) of tomato cv. Rio Grande, an experiment was carried out in a split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Research Filed at the University ...
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In order to study the effect of water deficit stress and foliar spray of Megafol on yield, fruit quality and water use efficiency (WUE) of tomato cv. Rio Grande, an experiment was carried out in a split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Research Filed at the University of Zanjan, Iran in 2015. Treatments consisted arrangement of three irrigation levels (starting irrigation at 100, 75 and 50% ETc (crop evapotranspiration)) and four levels (0, 1, 2 and 3 ml/L) of Megafol. Results showed significant effects of water deficit stress on yield, fruit quality, and WUE. Megafol treatment showed significant effects on yield, fruit firmness, lycopene content, and WUE. The highest total soluble solids (2.41%) and titratable acidity (TA) (2.09) was found at 50% ETc irrigation treatment. Foliar application of 2 ml/L megafol showed the highest value of TSS (2.29%), TA (1.97%), lycopene (0.83 g/l), fruit per plant (37.94), fruit weight (59.32 g) and WUE (21.78 kg/m3). The interaction effect of irrigation by foliar treatments had a significant effect on plant yield, fruits number per plant and TA. The maximum fruit number (51.73) and plant yield (3278.43 g) was obtained by application of 2 ml/L Megafol under 100% ETc irrigation. Also, the highest TA was achieved in 1 ml/L Megafol and 50% ETc irrigation. According to the results, foliar application of 2 ml/l Megafol improved fruit yield under normal irrigation and deficit water stress and resulted in 16% increase in WUE. Irrigation at 75% ETc level with 16% yield reduction, saved 25% of water as compared to 100% ETc treatment.
Samaneh Jahanpanah; Mahmoud Ghasemnejad; Younes Ebrahimi
Abstract
Incomplete pollination of kiwifruit flowers could be the main limiting factor which reduces marketable kiwifruit quality. Therefore, at the current study effect of pollen suspension and dry pollen as supplemental artificial pollination were evaluated on characteristics such as fruit size, fruit weight, ...
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Incomplete pollination of kiwifruit flowers could be the main limiting factor which reduces marketable kiwifruit quality. Therefore, at the current study effect of pollen suspension and dry pollen as supplemental artificial pollination were evaluated on characteristics such as fruit size, fruit weight, seed number, dry matter percent, tissue firmness, total soluble solid, and vitamin C content, mineral nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphors, potassium, calcium, and magnesium of Hayward Kiwifruit. The results showed that pollination with dry pollen, at the 60% of full bloom stage, increased marketable fruits in compare to other treatments. There are more seed number in these fruits (11% and 5% respectively), which result to increase fruit size, length and diameter as compare to pollen suspension and control. Fruit vitamin C could not affect by pollination, but fruit dry matter of flowers which pollinated at 60% of full bloom was the higher than the other treatments. Supplemental pollination with dry pollen increased fruit calcium, which resulted to improve nitrogen to calcium, potassium to calcium, the sum of potassium and magnesium to calcium, the sum of nitrogen and potassium to calcium ratios. Overall, it seems that supplemental pollination, especially with dry pollen at 60% of full bloom stage, could improve pollination and ovules fertilization. In conclusion, the same fruits have more seed number and strength sink for accumulation assimilate and mineral elements especially calcium. Overall, the profit of supplemental pollination with dry pollen was calculated about 48,800,000 Rials per hectare.
Negar Heidarian; Taher Barzegar; Zahra Ghahremani
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of water stress on the growth, yield and fruit quality of some Iranian melon accessions, an experiment was carried out in a split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replicates in research filed of university of Zanjan as during 2015. Treatments consisted ...
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In order to evaluate the effect of water stress on the growth, yield and fruit quality of some Iranian melon accessions, an experiment was carried out in a split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replicates in research filed of university of Zanjan as during 2015. Treatments consisted arrangement of three irrigation levels (starting irrigation at 100, 70 and 40% ETc) and 8 accessions of Iranian melon (‘Ghalam’ ‘Ghash’, ‘Roshe’, ‘Zerke’, ‘Khatooni’, ‘Rish Baba’, ‘Ghobadloo’, ‘Garake’ and ‘Kalyar’). The results showed that water deficit stress significantly reduced growth and fruit yield. The lowest yield (18223.1 kg/ha), fruit weight (1057.94 gr), number of fruits per plant (1.75), leaf area (124.257 cm2) and the highest leaf dry weight (21%) was obtained in water deficit stress 40% ETc. Accessions had different growth and fruit yield. In all accessions, growth and fruit yield was reduced by increasing of water deficit stress, but leaf dry weight, TSS and water use efficiency was increased. The highest amount of leaf area (410.279 cm2), yield (49881.33 kg/ha) and fruit weight (2270.9 gr) was obtained in ‘Ghalam Ghash’ under 100% ETc irrigation. Also the maximum water use efficiency was observed in "Khatooni" and ‘Ghalam Ghash’ under water deficit 40% ETc. According to the results, ‘Zerke’ and ‘Rish Baba’ with highest (65.17%) and lowest (41.16 %) yield reduction respectively under irrigation 40% ETc were sensitive and tolerance accession to the water stress compared to normal irrigation.
Zeinab Azizi; Taher Barzegar; Zahra Ghahremani
Abstract
The effect of salicylic acid (SA) and humic acid (HA) were evaluated on yield, fruit quality and water use efficiency of melon "Zard Jalali" accession under water deficit stress condition. This experiment was carried out as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replicates at ...
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The effect of salicylic acid (SA) and humic acid (HA) were evaluated on yield, fruit quality and water use efficiency of melon "Zard Jalali" accession under water deficit stress condition. This experiment was carried out as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replicates at the research filed of University of Zanjan during 2015. Treatments consisted arrangement of 7 foliar application levels [Control, H (25, 50, 75 mg/L) and SA (0.5, 1, 1.5 mM)] and three irrigation levels (starting irrigation at 100, 70 and 40% ETc). The results showed that irrigation had significant effects on yield and fruit quality. The lowest fruit weight (1.956 kg), number of fruits per plant (1.5), plant yield (2.91 kg), fruit firmness (4.67 kg/cm2), chlorophyll content (0.11 mg/100g FW) and the highest fruit flesh percent (%75) and water use efficiency (16.43 kg/ m3) were obtained in water deficit stress 40% ETc. Also, maximum fruit number and fruit yield per plant was obtained using H 75 mg/l and the highest value of fruit flesh (62.13%) was observed in treatment of SA 1.5 mM. Totally, that highest fruit yield (7.79 kg/plant) and TSS (11.31%) was obtained in SA 1 mM and H 0.25 mg/l, respectively under irrigation 100 ETc%. According to the results, application of HA and SA enhanced the fruit yield and quality under water deficit conditions.