Shahriar Kazemi; Esfandiar Farahmand; Hemmatollah Pirdashti; Mojtaba Mahmoudi
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effects of mycorrhiza-like fungi, Piriformospora indica, and mycorrhiza fungi, Glomus mosseae, symbiosys on corn (Zea mays L. cv. SC 704) grain yield and water use efficiency under different limited irrigation regimes and phosphorus, a field experiment was conducted as split ...
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In order to evaluate the effects of mycorrhiza-like fungi, Piriformospora indica, and mycorrhiza fungi, Glomus mosseae, symbiosys on corn (Zea mays L. cv. SC 704) grain yield and water use efficiency under different limited irrigation regimes and phosphorus, a field experiment was conducted as split factorial based on a randomized complete block design at two stations of Gharakhil and Bayekola during growing season of 2015. Treatments were different irrigations at three levels (100, 75 and 50% ofcrop water requirement) in main plots, four levels of inoculation (control, Pi inoculation, Gm inoculation and Pi + Gm inoculation) and three levels of phosphorus (control, 50 and 100 % of crop requirement) in sub plots as factorial. According to the results, simultaneous inoculation of Pi and Gm induced significant increase in grain yield in both regions (8.6 and 6.3 % for Gharakhil and Bayekola stations, respectively). In both regions, symbiotic fungi incolationimprovement of productivity of water use obtained when Pi and Gm were inoculated (especially simultaneous inoculation), in all irrigation treatments. The most of the positive effects of coexistence were observed in both area under irrigation 50% (4.33 and 4.15 Kg/ha, respectively). Overall, the inocolation, results represented a synergistic effect of two applied fungi for ameliorating the corn water use efficiency, especially under limited irrigations.
Safoura Jafarnodeh; Ebrahim Zeinali; Afshin Soltani; Fatemeh Sheikh
Abstract
This experiment was carried out to study of the effects of seed size and seeding date on phenological, morphological and agronomic characteristics of faba bean under rainfed conditions in Gorgan. The experiment was conducted using ‘Barakat’ cultivar at the research field of Gorgan University ...
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This experiment was carried out to study of the effects of seed size and seeding date on phenological, morphological and agronomic characteristics of faba bean under rainfed conditions in Gorgan. The experiment was conducted using ‘Barakat’ cultivar at the research field of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences in 2013-2014 growing season. The experimental design was a split plot in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Planting dates (26 Nov., 19 Dec., 2013 and 11 Feb. and 10 Mar., 2014) and seed size (small, medium, large) were arranged in main- and sub-plots, respectively. According to the results, emergence rate of seeds planted in 26 Nov. and 10 Mar. was higher than the other two planting dates, and the emergence rate of small and medium seeds was more than large seeds. Also, time to maturity was 190 days on November planting date. Time to maturity was decreased with delay in planting date, and reduced to 86 days on March planting. The results showed a significant reduction of the number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and 100-seed weight which led to reduction in green pod and grain yield with delay in planting, respectively. Based on the results of this experiment, to achieve further yields of faba bean under rainfed conditions in Gorgan, early planting and use of larger seeds for planting is recommended.
Esmaeil Karimi; Ali Tadayyon; Mahmour Reza Tadayyon
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of different irrigation regimes on yield and leaf proline content of a spring Isfahan local variety of safflower, a field experiment was conducted as split plot in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications at the Research Station of Shahrekord University ...
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In order to investigate the effect of different irrigation regimes on yield and leaf proline content of a spring Isfahan local variety of safflower, a field experiment was conducted as split plot in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications at the Research Station of Shahrekord University in 2013-2014. The main factor consisted of four different irrigation regimes (irrigation after 50, 80, 130 and 180 mm evaporation of water from evaporation pan class A) and subplots were spraying humic acid (at a rate of zero, one, three and six liters per hectare). Evaluated traits in this experiment included, the number of heads per plant, 1000 seeds weight, oil content, grain yield, oil yield and leaf proline content. Irrigation treatments and foliar application of humic acid significantly contributed to the above characteristics. Based on means comparisons, less irrigation caused a significant decrease and spraying humic acid also increased significantly number of heads per plant, 1000 seeds weight, grain yield and oil yield. Also, with increased Irrigation and increase application of humic acid, oil content and proline compared to the control group showed a significant increase. In addition, increased irrigation, increase seed oil content from 22.22 percent to 25.43 percent (in irrigation treatment after 180 mm evaporation and application of six lit/ha) has been upgraded. Oil yield also decreased as a result of irrigation after 50 mm evaporation from 394 to 289 kg per hectare after 180 mm evaporation.
Elham Jahangiri Nia; Seyed Ataollah Siyadat; Ahmad Koochakzadeh; Mohammadreza Moradi Telavat; Manouchehr Sayyah far
Abstract
In order to study the effect of the usage of vermicompost and mycorrhiza fertilizer usage on yield quantity and quality of soybean cultivar L17 in water deficit stress condition, an experiment was conducted as plots in a split at randomized complete blocks with four replications in Agricultural Research ...
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In order to study the effect of the usage of vermicompost and mycorrhiza fertilizer usage on yield quantity and quality of soybean cultivar L17 in water deficit stress condition, an experiment was conducted as plots in a split at randomized complete blocks with four replications in Agricultural Research Center in 2013 in Khoramabad. The experiment treatments including irrigation in three levels (after 60, 120 and 180 mm evaporation from pan class A pan), vermicompost and mycorrhiza in six levels (non-use of vermicompost and mycorhiza fertilizer, inoculated with mycorrhiza fertilizer, consumption of 5 and 10 t.ha-1 vermicompost , consumption of 5 and 10 t.ha-1 vermicompost with mycorrhiza) were respectively as the main plots and sub. The results of experiment showed that the water deficit stress significantly decreased the number of pods per plant, number of grain per pod, number of grain per plant, 1000 grain weight, biological and grain yield. So that the highest grain yield with the rate of 3216.7 kg.ha-1 was obtained from 60 mm evaporation. The use of combined vermicompost and mycorrhiza fertilizer increased the traits except the number of grain per pods. Grain yield in combined treatment of 5 and 10 t.ha-1 vermicompost and mycorrhiza, respectively increased 23 and 29 percent compared to control. By increasing irrigation distance grain oil content decreased and grain protein content increased. Finally, in order to water_saving irrigation and the cost of inputs and ensuring optimal performance in drought condition, we can use combination of 5 t.ha-1 vermicompost with mycorrhiza.
Nasimeh Montazeri Takhti; Gholam Reza Khajoei Nejad; Mohammad Javad Arvin
Abstract
Effects of drought stress and chemical treatments was studied on growth and developmental traits of four barley cultivars using a split- split plot design (RCBD) in Agricultural Research Farm, Kerman University in 2013-14. Main plots consisted of irrigation (control and drought stress after flowering), ...
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Effects of drought stress and chemical treatments was studied on growth and developmental traits of four barley cultivars using a split- split plot design (RCBD) in Agricultural Research Farm, Kerman University in 2013-14. Main plots consisted of irrigation (control and drought stress after flowering), sub-plots consisted of four barley cultivars (ʻNosratʼ, ʻAfsalʼ, ʻYousofʼ and ʻUH12 lineʼ) and sub-sub plot consisted of control, salicylic acid (0.5 mM) as seed soaking, foliar spray at anthesis and seed soaking + foliar spray) and also foliar spray with selenium (40 mg/l using sodium selenate). Drought stress significantly decreased chlorophyll index (10 percent), thousand grain weight (19 percent), grain yield (20 percent), biological yield (11 percent) and harvest index (12 Percent). On the contrary, salicylic acid increased plant height, length of spike and awn, chlorophyll index, thousand grain weight, grain yield, biological yield and harvest index. Foliar spray of plants with sodium selenate increased selenium contents of grains in all cultivars. However, it could be concluded that salicylic acid improved plant performance under normal and drought conditions and selenate application enriched barley grains, and therefore those treatments are commercially recommended.
Hamid Jabbari; Nayyer Azam Khosh kholgh Sima; Gholam Abbas Akbari; Iraj Allahdadi; Amir Hossein Shirani rad; Ali Hamed
Abstract
In order to study of root system relationship with water relations in Rapeseed under drought stress conditions, a pot experiment was carried out in greenhouse at Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (Karaj) in 2012. Five winter Rapeseed genotypes were evaluated under four irrigation ...
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In order to study of root system relationship with water relations in Rapeseed under drought stress conditions, a pot experiment was carried out in greenhouse at Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (Karaj) in 2012. Five winter Rapeseed genotypes were evaluated under four irrigation treatments, using a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design. The results indicated that response of genotypes to irrigation treatments was different for stomata conductivity, SPAD value, root length and diameter, morphologic characteristics, yield and yield components. In control, Cooper produced the highest grain yield that due to higher silique number per plant, whereas, ‘Opera’ had the maximum grain yield under drought stress treatments. This subject was due to higher root depth and diameter in ‘Opera’ and on the basis of these characters, the high leaf area duration, stomata conductivity, silique number and grain number was observed in ‘Opera’. In conclusion, these results showed that role of root morphologic characteristics in Rapeseed adaptation to drought tolerance is powerful and an effective root system with last stomata conductivity, more leaf area duration and high silique number were more important for yield maintenance of Rapeseed under drought stress conditions.
Pejman Nikneshan; Ali Tadayyon; Mohammad Rafiolhosseini; Babak Bahraininejad
Abstract
In respect to drought crisis in the center of Iran, it needs valuable crops which adapt to such environments, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of drought stress on different castor ecotypes at two places (Isfahan and Shahrekord) in 2013. Experiment was carried out in split ...
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In respect to drought crisis in the center of Iran, it needs valuable crops which adapt to such environments, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of drought stress on different castor ecotypes at two places (Isfahan and Shahrekord) in 2013. Experiment was carried out in split plot arrangement in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications that four drought stress levels (non-stress equals 30, 45, 60 and 75 percent moisture depletion soil) as a main plot and six castor ecotypes (’Isfahan ‘, ’Ardesrtan ‘, ’Arak ‘, ’Naeen ‘, ’Yazd ‘ and ’Ahvaz‘) as a subplot in two mentioned places. The results from both experiments were analyzed by combined analysis. The measured traits were including plant height, leaf number per plant, LAI, capsule number per plant, seed number per plant, 100 seeds weight, grain yield, harvest index, oil percent and oil yield. The results showed that the highest seed yield and oil yield were related to ’Isfahan‘ ecotype in Isfahan region under control with 1388 and 673 kg/ha, respectively.
Maryam Soltanian; Ali Tadayyon; seafollah falah
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under water deficit stress on linseed, a field experiment was conducted as split-plot in RCBD design with three replications at the research station of faculty of Agriculture at Shahrekord University in 2013. Water deficit stress at four levels of ...
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To evaluate the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under water deficit stress on linseed, a field experiment was conducted as split-plot in RCBD design with three replications at the research station of faculty of Agriculture at Shahrekord University in 2013. Water deficit stress at four levels of no stress, mild, medium and severe stress as main factor and inoculation with Glomus intraradices, Glomus mosseae and no inoculation as sub factor were used. The results showed that the effect of mycorrhiza inoculation and water deficit stress treatment were significant on all the measured traits. Interaction between mycorrhiza and water deficit stress was significant on the plant height and shoot dry weight. Based on the results, both species of Glomus intraradices and Glomus mosseae significantly increased the grain yield whereas the treatment inoculated with G. intraradces produced maximum (0.080 kg/m2) and the treatment without inculation with mycorrhiza produced minimum (0.063 kg/m2) grain yield. Maximum (0.097 kg/m2) and minimum (0.050 kg/m2) grain yield were obtained in the treatment under water deficit stress and no-stress conditions, respectively. Keywords: Aboveground dry weight, Grain yield, Inoculation, Irrigation, Stem branch To evaluate the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under water deficit stress on linseed, a field experiment was conducted as split-plot in RCBD design with three replications at the research station of faculty of Agriculture at Shahrekord University in 2013. Water deficit stress at four levels of no stress, mild, medium and severe stress as main factor and inoculation with Glomus intraradices, Glomus mosseae and no inoculation as sub factor were used. The results showed that the effect of mycorrhiza inoculation and water deficit stress treatment were significant on all the measured traits. Interaction between mycorrhiza and water deficit stress was significant on the plant height and shoot dry weight. Based on the results, both species of Glomus intraradices and Glomus mosseae significantly increased the grain yield whereas the treatment inoculated with G. intraradces produced maximum (0.080 kg/m2) and the treatment without inculation with mycorrhiza produced minimum (0.063 kg/m2) grain yield. Maximum (0.097 kg/m2) and minimum (0.050 kg/m2) grain yield were obtained in the treatment under water deficit stress and no-stress conditions, respectively.
Mohammad Rabiee; Mehrdad Jilani; Shahram Karimy
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of consumption of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on harvest indices and some important agronomic traits of Triticale (Triticosecale wittmack var. Javaniloo), a factorial experiment based on the randomized complete block design with three replications ...
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In order to investigate the effect of consumption of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on harvest indices and some important agronomic traits of Triticale (Triticosecale wittmack var. Javaniloo), a factorial experiment based on the randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in paddy field of Rice Research Institute of Iran (Rasht) during 2010-2012 for two years. The first factor was nitrogen in five levels: zero, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg.ha-1 in the form of urea and phosphorus in four levels: zero, 50, 100 and 150 kg.ha-1 in the form of superphosphate. Results showed that among the nitrogen levels, the treatments of 200 and 150 kg.ha-1 had maximum grain yield (3000.5 and 2999.7 kg.ha-1, respectively), protein yield (442.7 and 449.5 kg.ha-1, respectively) and biological yield (13318 and 12525 kg.ha-1, respectively). Among the levels of phosphorus fertilizer, the treatment of 150 kg.ha-1 showed maximum grain yield (2971.0 kg.ha-1), protein yield (434.4 kg.ha-1) and biological yield (12375 kg.ha-1). Also results showed none of the nitrogen levels had the highest phosphorus and potassium indices. Moreover, with the increasing of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium indices were reduced. Based on the obtained results, the treatments of 150 kg.ha-1 nitrogen and 150 kg.ha-1 phosphorus are recommended for cultivating triticale in Guilan area due to high grain and protein yields.
Sanaz Afshari-Behbahanizadeh; Gholam Ali Akbari; Maryam Shahbazi; Iraj Alahdadi
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of terminal water deficit stress on leaf traits and their relations to grain yield in different barley genotypes (‘Yousof’, ‘Fajr30’, ‘Nosrat’, ‘PBYT-46’, ‘PBYT-97’ and ‘Morocco’), two separated experiments ...
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In order to evaluate the effect of terminal water deficit stress on leaf traits and their relations to grain yield in different barley genotypes (‘Yousof’, ‘Fajr30’, ‘Nosrat’, ‘PBYT-46’, ‘PBYT-97’ and ‘Morocco’), two separated experiments were conducted in stress (water withholding from anthesis towards the end of growing season), and non stress (normal irrigation) conditions based on RCBD with three replications in 2010-2011 at Yazd Agricultural Research Station. The results indicated that drought stress significantly reduced leaf area index, greeness and increased canopy temperature and leaf rolling. Also, drought stress significantly increased epicuticular wax content at 21 days after anthesis. Studying by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) confirmed the increased dispersal of leaf wax crystals in leaf surface in ‘Yousof’ and ‘PBYT-46’ genotypes. ‘Fajr30’ genotype with the highest amount of cuticular transpiration and canopy temperature had the highest reduction in grain yield and ‘Yousof’ and ‘PBYT-46’ genotypes with higher amount of wax crystals dispersal, lower amount of cuticular transpiration, canopy temperature and greeness reduction in stress condition, had the least reduction percentage in grain yield. According to the non significant correlation between leaf wax and grain yield in both conditions (stress and normal) and in stress condition, it seems that increased epicuticular wax crystals had a more effective role than the quantity of wax in drought tolerance of barley genotypes.
Ali Sepehri; Roya Abasi; Afshin Karami
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid on yield and yield components of bean genotypes under water deficit stress, an experiment was carried out as a factorial split plot design with three replications in research farm Bu Ali-Sina University (Hamadan, Iran) during 2009. Stress levels: consist ...
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In order to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid on yield and yield components of bean genotypes under water deficit stress, an experiment was carried out as a factorial split plot design with three replications in research farm Bu Ali-Sina University (Hamadan, Iran) during 2009. Stress levels: consist of vegetative water stress, reproduction water stress and without water stress (control) and three bean genotypes (‘Akhtar’, ‘D81083’ and ‘KS31169’) allocated in the main plots and three concentrations of salicylic acid 0, 0.5 and 1 mM to the sub-plots. Based on results the treatments had significant effects on plant height, number of branches, pod number per plant, seeds per pod, 100 seed weight, biological yield, grain yield and harvest index. Vegetative and reproductive drought stresses reduced grain yield but foliar application of Salicylic acid improved the growth and yield of bean. Utilizing salicylic acid in vegetative and reproductive stages improved the grain yield 17.2 and 16.8 percent, respectively. Such this result observed for biological yield too. Totally this research showed that between the genotypes of experiment, the ‘D81083’ and ‘Akhtar’ genotypes had higher grain yield and harvest index compared to ‘KS31169’. Foliar application of salicylic acid not only improved the growth and yield in no-stress condition but also for adjusting the drought stress especially at vegetative stress is recommended
Avishan Taherkhanchi; Gholam Ali Akbari; Seyed Ali Mohammad Modarres-Sanavy; Majid Ghorbani Javid
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of bio-fertilizers on physiological traits in soybean under water deficit condition, agreenhouse experiment was conducted in 2011, at faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University,using a factorial design based on RCBD with three replications. The experimental treatments weredifferent ...
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To evaluate the effect of bio-fertilizers on physiological traits in soybean under water deficit condition, agreenhouse experiment was conducted in 2011, at faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University,using a factorial design based on RCBD with three replications. The experimental treatments weredifferent irrigation regimes including non-stress (40% water depletion), moderate stress (60% waterdepletion) and severe stress (80% water depletion) and four methods for application of mixed ofAzotobacter and Azosperilium on plant or seed. Results showed that the highest yield and yieldcomponents were observed in non-stress and spraying of bacteria on leaf + seed inoculation conditions.The highest catalase enzyme activity was observed in moderate stress and seed inoculation + spraying ofbacteria on leaf condition. In addition, the highest proline content was showed in severe stress and nonbacterialinoculation and was three times more than the minimum treatment. The results generallyindicated that using bio-fertilizer in moderate stress can reduce the destructive effects of stress anddecrease of yield, but severe stress led to increase of cost of production and could not effect on increasingof yield significantly.
Mahsa Zarei; Mahmoud Reza Tadayon; Ali Tadayyon
Abstract
In order to evaluate the yield components and oil percent of hemp plant under different biological fertilizer and saline water and soil, a field experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment in a randomized complete design with three replications in the North East of Esfahan in 2012. The experimental ...
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In order to evaluate the yield components and oil percent of hemp plant under different biological fertilizer and saline water and soil, a field experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment in a randomized complete design with three replications in the North East of Esfahan in 2012. The experimental treatments include, three hemp ecotypes of Esfahan, Shiraz and Mashاad as the first factor and fertilizer treatments of urea, nitroxin, super nitro-plus, bio-sulfur, mycorrhizae (Glomus mosseae) and control (without fertilizer) as the second factor, subjected to saline soil irrigation water. The traits of seed numbers per plant, 1000 seeds weight, grain yield, biological yield, harvest index and percent of seed oil were measured. The results showed the maximum grain yield and harvest index were belong to mycorrhizae treatment and the minimum was belong to control. Besides, mycorrhizae showed maximum biological yield and other treatments had not significantly effect. 1000 seeds weight was affected significantly under different fertilizer treatments, but the ecotypes of Mashhad and Shiraz showed maximum (13.33 gr.) and ecotype of Esfahan produced minimum (7.8 gr.) 1000 seeds grain. Each 4 fertilizer treatments caused significant promotion of oil percent (29.2%) compare to control (26.5%), but did not observed any significant effect between fertilizer treatments. Ecotype of Esfahan under bio-sulfur and mycorrhizae treatments with average of 800 seeds per plant had maximum and ecotypes of Mashhad and Shiraz had minimum of 76 seeds per plant.
Maryam Habibi; Majid Majidian; Mohammad Rabiei
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of boron, zinc and sulfur on yield and fatty acid composition of rapeseed(Hyola 401 cultivar), an experiment was conducted in Rasht province in 2011. A field experiment withcompletely randomized block design was performed with eight treatments in three replications.Maximum ...
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In order to investigate the effects of boron, zinc and sulfur on yield and fatty acid composition of rapeseed(Hyola 401 cultivar), an experiment was conducted in Rasht province in 2011. A field experiment withcompletely randomized block design was performed with eight treatments in three replications.Maximum grain yield (4157.6 kg ha-1) and grain oil (1770.2 kg ha-1) was obtained from S+B+Zntreatments. The highest and lowest grain oil was obtained from S+B+Zn (42.58) and control (38.37),respectively. The maximum oleic acid (234.8 mg g-1) and linolenic acid (26.68 mg g-1) and linoleic acid(55.98 mg g-1) were obtained from B+Zn+S treatments. Maximum stearic and palmitic acid were obtainedfrom control and S+Zn treatments which was 6.5 and 15.53 mg g-1, respectively. Regarding to the results,fatty acids composition of rapeseed are influenced by nutrient and since quality of edible oils depends onunsaturated fatty acids, especially linoleic and linolenic acids and these acids are essential fatty acids forthe human body that must be supplied through diet. Therefor this research showed that we are not onlyable to increase oil yield with can also increase oil quality with increasing fatty acid composition.
Ebrahim Zeinali; Afshin Soltani; Mohammad Khadempir; Mahmood Tourani; Fatemeh Sheikh
Abstract
Gorgan is one of the most important regions for faba bean (Vicia faba L.) production in Iran. However, there is no enough quantitative information about the various aspects of production management of this crop plant. To investigate the effects of inter-row spacing, cultivar and seeding date on the yield ...
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Gorgan is one of the most important regions for faba bean (Vicia faba L.) production in Iran. However, there is no enough quantitative information about the various aspects of production management of this crop plant. To investigate the effects of inter-row spacing, cultivar and seeding date on the yield of green pod and grain, this experiment was carried out at research farm of Gorgan University of agricultural sciences in 2011-2012 growing season. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design as split-plot factorial with four replications. Inter-row spacing (30, 45 and 60 cm) and factorial of planting dates (15 Nov. and 23 Dec. 2011) and cultivars (Barakat and French) were arranged in main- and sub-plots, respectively. The results indicated non-significant effect of cultivar and the significant (P = 0.01) effects of seeding date, inter-row spacing and their interactions on the grain, green pod and biological yields, and pod number per plant, while the effects of cultivars were not significant, statistically. Based on the obtained results, any increase in inter-row spacing or delaying in planting of faba bean will reduce the grain, green pod and biological yields. The maximum yield of green pods and grain yield (21753 and 4530 kg ha-1, respectively) produced in normal planting date (15 Nov.) and 30 cm inter-row spacing. In contrast, the lowest grain and green pod yield (2527 and 13041 kg ha-1, respectively) obtained from delayed planting date (23 Dec.) and 60 cm inter-row spacing.
Farhad Azizi; Ali Mahrokh
Abstract
In order to comparison and determination of the best drought tolerance indices in sweet corn hybrids, an experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design in split plot lay out with three replications at Seed and Plant Improvement Institute in Karaj in 2006. Three irrigation levels (irrigation ...
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In order to comparison and determination of the best drought tolerance indices in sweet corn hybrids, an experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design in split plot lay out with three replications at Seed and Plant Improvement Institute in Karaj in 2006. Three irrigation levels (irrigation after 75 as control, 100 and 125 millimeters cumulative evaporation from class A evaporation pan) were assigned as main plots and 12 sweet corn hybrids include KSC403su, Chase, Esquire, Rival, Reveille, Diva, Shimmer, Shaker, PS107, Golda, Royalty and Rana were considered as sub plots. Mean Productivity (MP), Tolerance Index (TOL), Geometric Mean Productivity (GMP), Stress Susceptibility Index (SSI), Stress Tolerance Index (STI) were used to evaluate tolerance or sensitivity to drought stress of the hybrids. STI and GMP indices had a positive and significant correlation with grain yield in non-stress and stress conditions (mild and severe stress treatments). STI and GMP indices showed that Hybrids Diva and Golda had optimum yield in non-stress condition but their yield decreased in severe stress condition. Hybrids KSC403su, Esquire, Shimmer and Shaker had low yield in non-stress but they had suitable yield in severe stress condition. Hybrids Chase, Rival and Reveille had low yield in non-stress and severe stress conditions. Hybrids PS107, Royalty and Rana had optimum yield in both non-stress and stress condition. Therefore, they can be recommended to use in stress and optimum conditions.
Masuod Bakhshayeshi Geshlagh
Volume 13, Issue 2 , March 2012, , Pages 41-49
Abstract
In order to study adapatability and yield stability of irrigated bread wheat cultivars Alvand, Alamout, Zarrin, Navid, Azar 2, Sabalan, Omid and Bezostiya this experiment was conducted in RCBD during three cropping seasons (2007-2010) in six cities. Simple ANOVA and combined analysis of variance for ...
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In order to study adapatability and yield stability of irrigated bread wheat cultivars Alvand, Alamout, Zarrin, Navid, Azar 2, Sabalan, Omid and Bezostiya this experiment was conducted in RCBD during three cropping seasons (2007-2010) in six cities. Simple ANOVA and combined analysis of variance for three years in every location and also combined analysis of variance for three years and six locations were implemented. Lin and Binns parameter, environmental variance, Rick Ecovalance method and Shukla stability variance were used for determination of stable cultivars. Results of combined ANOVA (three years × six locations) showed that interaction effect of year × location × genotype was significant. The highest and lowest grain yield belonged to Alvand (3/74 tha1) and Azar 2 (2/72 tha1) cultivars. Results of stability analysis with Lin and Binns method showed that Zarrin cultivar had the lowest inside location variance for grain yield and the lowest environmental variance belonged to Azar 2 cultivar. Results of stability analysis with Shukla Stability variance method showed that Zarrin and Sabalan cultivars had the lowest Shukla stability variance, respectively. Also results of Rick Ecovalance method showed that Zarrin cultivar had the highest amount for this parameter. Zarrin and Sabalan cultivars had the lowest yield stability and can be recommended for studied locations.
Raouf Seyed sharif; Mir Naser Seyyedi; Mohammad Zaefizadeh
Volume 13, Issue 2 , March 2012, , Pages 51-60
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of various levels of nitrogen fertilizer on nitrogen use efficiency and grain yield of canola cultivars, a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design was conducted in 2007. Factors were: nitrogen fertilizer at four levels (zero, 50, 100 and 150 kg/ha) in the ...
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To evaluate the effect of various levels of nitrogen fertilizer on nitrogen use efficiency and grain yield of canola cultivars, a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design was conducted in 2007. Factors were: nitrogen fertilizer at four levels (zero, 50, 100 and 150 kg/ha) in the main plots and canola cultivars at three levels (‘Clover’, ‘Opera’ and ‘Okape’) in the sub plots. The results showed that the effects of cultivar and nitrogen levels were significant on grain yield, grain per plant, pod per plant, grain 1000 weight, harvest index and plant height. The interaction effects of cultivars in nitrogen levels were significant on grain yield, grain per plant, pod per plant and plant height. Means comparison showed that with increasing nitrogen levels, grain yield increasing. Response of canola cultivars was different to grain yield. The highest grain yield (1.18 ton/ha) was obtained in Opera cultivar and the least (0.78 ton/ha) of it was in Okape cultivar. Means comparison showed that the highest grain yield, grain per plant, pod per plant and plant height was obtained by the plots which applied 150 kg N/ha with Opera cultivar and the least of it was in Okape cultivar without nitrogen application. However, application of 100 and 150 kg N/ha had similar grain yield in Opera cultivar. Nitrogen use efficiency was significantly as affected by cultivar, nitrogen levels and cultivar × nitrogen levels. Means comparison showed that with increasing of nitrogen, decreased nitrogen use efficiency. Response of canola cultivars was different with nitrogen use efficiency. Maximum nitrogen use efficiency (5.26 kg/kg) was obtained in the plots which 100 kg nitrogen ha-1 with Opera cultivar was used and minimum (2.64 kg/kg) was obtained in the plots which 150 kg nitrogen ha-1 with okape cultivar was used.
Mehdi Zarrabi; Iraj Allah dadi; Gholam Abbas Akbari; Hamid Iran najad; Gholam Ali Akbari
Volume 12, Issue 2 , November 2010, , Pages 37-50
Abstract
To study the seprate and combined effects of phosphorus fertilizer, Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and mycorrhizal fungus on reducing drought stress damages of grain corn (SC704) during its vegetative stages under field conditions, an experiment was conducted as split plot based on RCBD with three replications ...
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To study the seprate and combined effects of phosphorus fertilizer, Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and mycorrhizal fungus on reducing drought stress damages of grain corn (SC704) during its vegetative stages under field conditions, an experiment was conducted as split plot based on RCBD with three replications at College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran in 2009. Experimental factors were drought stress as main-plot (irrigation after 50 as control, 100 and 150 mm evaporation from pan class A) and fertilizer plus biofertilizer compounds as sub-plots. Drought stress began after seedling stage. Analysis of variance showed that drought stress significantly affected most of investigated traits such as number of row/ ear, number of kernel/ row, ear weight, 1000kernel weight and grain yield. All the measured traits in compounds phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, mycorrhiza fungies and triple super phosphate treatment were higher than other treatments under water deficit stress conditions. Frthermore, grain yield in triple super phosphate treat under severe water deficit stress conditions (1.81 ton/ha) were significantly less than normal irrigation (8.38 ton/ha) and low stress conditions (4.98 ton/ha). According to this experiment, seed inoculation with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, mycorrhiza fungies and triple super phosphate compounds affected grain yield and harvest index significantly. This experiment showed that phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms can positively interact in promoting plant growth as well as in P uptake in maize plant, leading to improve plant tolerance under water deficit stress conditions.
Masoumeh Naeimi; Gholam Ali Akbari; Amir Hossein Shirani rad; Seyed Ali Mohammad Modarres-Sanavy; Seyed Ahmad Sadat nouri
Volume 12, Issue 2 , November 2010, , Pages 63-71
Abstract
To evaluate the drought stress effect at terminal growth stage on yield of 12 rapeseed cultivars, an experiment was conducted with split-plot arrangement based on randomized complete block design with four replications at experimental field of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj-Iran during 2005-06. ...
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To evaluate the drought stress effect at terminal growth stage on yield of 12 rapeseed cultivars, an experiment was conducted with split-plot arrangement based on randomized complete block design with four replications at experimental field of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj-Iran during 2005-06. Irrigation at two levels (irrigation after 80 mm evaporation from class A pan, as control and withholding irrigation from silique formation until crop maturing time, as stress conditins allowcated to main plots and twelve rapeseed cultivars were used in sub plots. The number of silique in main stem, number of silique in lateral branches, silique fertility ratio and grain yield were low in drought stress conditions (p< 0.05). There were significant variations in all studied traits between evaluated cultivars. Grain yield in drought stress treatment was decreased (30%), when silique abortion was occurred due to water stress. In full irrigation treatment (control), the grain yield of Orient cultivar (2817 kg.ha-1) and at drought conditions, the grain yield of Opera cultivar (2058 kg.ha-1) were the highest amounts. The lowest oil percentage (39.8) and the highest protein percentage (23.3) were for Talaye cultivar, while the highest oil percentage (42.6) was for Option500 cultivar.
Ahmad Jafari; Mehrdad Mahlooji
Volume 12, Issue 1 , May 2010, , Pages 21-27
Abstract
In order to selection of superior cold tolerant barley genotypes for cold regions of Esfahan province, this study was conducted with nine barley varieties/lines in Fereidan area, and in two successive years (2002-2004). The research was carried out in on-farm pattern experiment and in a CRB design. Results ...
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In order to selection of superior cold tolerant barley genotypes for cold regions of Esfahan province, this study was conducted with nine barley varieties/lines in Fereidan area, and in two successive years (2002-2004). The research was carried out in on-farm pattern experiment and in a CRB design. Results showed that grain yield and some of yield components affected by year, variety and their interactions, significantly. Positive and significant correlation observed between grain yields and numbers of spikes per square meter. Changes of numbers of spikes per square meter were main cause of grain yield variations. Grain yields correlated with thousand kernel weight, negatively and significantly. The grain yield of CB-74-2 barley line was the highest in all years, significantly. Also, the grain yield of IFN-12 and IFN-13 barley lines, selected from Esfahan province’s local varieties, were significantly higher than check variety (Makooii).
Davud Afyuni; Ali Reza Marjovvi
Volume 11, Issue 2 , November 2009, , Pages 1-10
Abstract
In order to evaluate salinity tolerance of six bread wheat varieties, an experiment was conducted during 2000-02 crop seasons in Roudasht Salinity Research Station, Esfahan. Effects of three levels of irrigation water salinities (four, eight and 12 dS m-1) were studied on six bread wheat cultivars including ...
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In order to evaluate salinity tolerance of six bread wheat varieties, an experiment was conducted during 2000-02 crop seasons in Roudasht Salinity Research Station, Esfahan. Effects of three levels of irrigation water salinities (four, eight and 12 dS m-1) were studied on six bread wheat cultivars including Pishtaz, Shiraz, Mahdavi, Marvdasht, Kavir and Roshan. Increase in salinity level of irrigation water caused significant decrease in grain yield, number of spikes per m2, days to physiological maturity, plant height and grain filling period. Among the varieties, Roshan and Shiraz had the minimum reduction percentage in grain yield in 12 dS m-1 compared to 4 dS m-1. In 12 dS m-1, Roshan and Shiraz produced 3987 and 3607 kg ha-1 grain yield, respectively and had the highest grain yield values among the varieties. Roshan also had the highest amounts of MP, GMP and STI (4257, 4248 and 1.20, respectively) and the lowest amounts of Tol and SSI (539 and 0.66, respectively), thus was the most tolerant cultivar to salinity among the studied cultivars. Based on the tolerance and susceptibility indices, Marvdasht was the most susceptible cultivar to salinity.