Seyed marziyeh Hosseini valashkolaee; Yahya Tajvar; Masoud Azadbakht; Zeinab Rafie-rad
Abstract
Low temperature stress is one of the most important abiotic environmental stresses that affects the growth and yield of ornamental plants. In order to investigate of some physiological and biochemical indices of four varieties of ornamental Citrus used in urban landscapes under low temperature stress ...
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Low temperature stress is one of the most important abiotic environmental stresses that affects the growth and yield of ornamental plants. In order to investigate of some physiological and biochemical indices of four varieties of ornamental Citrus used in urban landscapes under low temperature stress conditions, a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications was conducted in the Citrus and Subtropical Fruits Research Center of Ramsar in 2015. Treatments were included the temperature with four levels (3, 0, -3 and -6˚C) and four varieties of ornamental Citrus including (Kumquat, Fingered citron, Calamondin and Limequat). Results showed that amounts of electrolyte leakage, water soaking, prolin content, antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase activity were increased significantly by reducing of temperature, while chlorophyll and total chlorophyll contents were decreased. Accordingly, the lowest leaf water soaking (20.92%) and electrolyte leakage (30.81%) amount, which are destructive indices, were showed in Kamquate. Total chlorophyll amount (2.21 mg/gFW), antioxidant capacity (60.61%) and superoxide dismutase activity (26.53 IU/gFW), that are tolerability indices, were more relevant at Kamquate. In general, Kumquat could tolerate the freezing stress up to -3°C by increasing of some indices such as proline, soluble sugars, antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase activity.
Elahe Moradi Marjaneh; Mohammad Galavi; Mahmood Ramroudi; Mahmood Solouki
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effects of biological and chemical fertilizers at different cuts on some properties of the Rosemary, an experiment was carried out as split plot based on Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with three replications, at the Zabol University Research Farm. Three times cuttings ...
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In order to evaluate the effects of biological and chemical fertilizers at different cuts on some properties of the Rosemary, an experiment was carried out as split plot based on Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with three replications, at the Zabol University Research Farm. Three times cuttings were Autumn’s first cut (late autumn), spring’s first cut (late spring) and autumn’s second cut (six months after autumn’s first cut) being considered as a major factor. The biological fertilizers included Aztobarvar, Phosphate Barvar-2, Petabarvar and chemical fertilizer NPK 20:20:20 and the control was considered as a subplot factor. The results showed that spring’s first cut had the greatest impact on essential oil content and phosphor. The autumn’s second cut had the greatest influence on the percentage of leaf relative water and the concentration of potassium and sodium. Amounts of protein, soluble carbohydrates, dry matter yield, essential oil content and essential yield, oil percentage and oil yield, leaf relative water, chlorophyll, carotenes and nitrogen increased as affected by fertilizers compared with control. The maximum amount of phosphor (7352 mg.kg-1) was obtained from application of Phosphate Barvar-2. Additionally, the maximum amount of potassium (5542 mg.kg-1) and the minimum of sodium (4760 mg.kg-1) was obtained from Petabarvar. Protein, dry matter yield and oil yield, oil percentage, chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll significantly increased under the interactions of spring’s first cut and Aztobarvar biologic fertilizer by 28/36 mg.liter-1, (3294 and 53/90 kg.ha-1) 1/63, 6/66, 1/94 and 81/4 mg.gr-1, respectivly. The results also indicated that the interaction of spring’s first cut and Petabarvar biologic fertilizer had the highest essential oil yield (41.46 kg.ha-1) and interaction of autumn’s second cut and Aztobarvar biologic fertilizer produced the highest amount of nitrogen (12955 ppm) in shoot. The result showed that the application of Aztobarvar biologic fertilizer in spring’s first cut improved and enhanced the quantitative and physiological characteristics of Rosemary. This would probably have been due to facilitating nitrogen uptake and optimal environmental conditions for growth and development.
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of irrigation withholding and foliar potassium application on some physiological traits (photosynthesis, cell membrane stability and chlorophyll) and harvest index of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), an experiment was carried out using a split plot factorial based on a randomized ...
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In order to evaluate the effect of irrigation withholding and foliar potassium application on some physiological traits (photosynthesis, cell membrane stability and chlorophyll) and harvest index of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), an experiment was carried out using a split plot factorial based on a randomized complete blocks design with three replications in 2011-2012 in two locations: Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Research Institute, Karaj and Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Yazd. The experimental factors were included drought stress (three levels of irrigation withholdings were irrigation withheld from ear emergence to physiological maturity, irrigation withheld from grain filling to physiological maturity, and normal irrigation) foliar potassium application (without potassium application, 1.5 and 3.0% K2SO4) and genotype (two wheat cultivars of ‘Marvdasht’, ‘Pishtaz’and aline‘WS-82-9’). Results showed that the studied characteristics were significantly reduced by increasing drought stress level. The highest harvest index was observed in ‘WS-82-9’ in Karaj under normal irrigation (32.69%) and the lowest harvest index was obtained from ‘Marvdasht’cultivarin Yazd, under severe stress (11.50%). Genotypes were different for cell membrane stability and the lowest rate was belonged to ‘Marvdasht’ (35.5%). Foliar application of 3.0% K2SO4 caused to significant differences in physiological characteristics, especially for leaf photosynthesis under severe drought stress condition: photosynthesis increased 99.1 and 69.7% in Yazd and Karaj, respectively. It can be concluded that cultivating of ‘WS-82-9’ and spraying of 3.0% K2SO4 were effective to moderate drought stress, especially when fields have limitations for irrigation water at the end of crop life cycle.
Hossein Ghane; Hossein Amirshekari; Amir mohammad Naji
Abstract
In order to study the effects of planting date and seed priming on yield and physiological traits of two cumin ecotypes, an experiment was conducted as factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications in the 2014-15 crop season at field research of medicinal plants, ...
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In order to study the effects of planting date and seed priming on yield and physiological traits of two cumin ecotypes, an experiment was conducted as factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications in the 2014-15 crop season at field research of medicinal plants, Shahed University. The factors were priming with two levels of control and osmopriming (KCL 4%), planting date with three levels of 25 February, 10 March and 25 March and ecotype with two levels of Neishabour and Sabzevar. The results showed that the interaction between priming and planting date and ecotype on seed number per plant grain yield and biological yield significant in statistical level of 5%, while the number of lateral branches and umber number per plant were significant in statistical level of 1%. There was a reduction on grain yield and biological yield due to delay in planting date from 10 Mar. to 25 Mar. Application of osmopriming led to a significant increase in percentage and yield of essential oil in Sabzevar ecotype. The chemical components of essential oils significantly decreased by delay in sowing date. Generally, cultivation of Sabzevar ecotype on 25 February lead to best quality and quantity in yield.
Fariba Rezaei Aderyani; Ayatollah Rezaei; Yavar Sharafi
Abstract
Salinity is one of the most important plant growth limiting factors, which using the anti-stress materials is considered as an important approach in moderating its effects on plants. In this research, the date plum seedlings response to salinity stress and two compounds putrescine and chitosan to reduce ...
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Salinity is one of the most important plant growth limiting factors, which using the anti-stress materials is considered as an important approach in moderating its effects on plants. In this research, the date plum seedlings response to salinity stress and two compounds putrescine and chitosan to reduce salinity stress was studied. The experiment was conducted as a factorial with three levels of sodium chloride (0, 30 and 60 mM), and five treatments of control, putrescine (1 and 2 mM) and chitosan (0.25 and 0.5%), based on a completely randomized design with four replications at Shahed University in 2016. The results showed that date plum was sensitive to salt stress in the early stages of growth and sodium chloride salinity stress resulted in significant decrease in vegetative traits such as fresh matter weight and length of shoots and roots as well as leaf chlorophyll content in compared to 0 salinity. In addition, the leaf blight percentage, sodium content, electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content were increased in plants treated with salinity. Putrescine treatment, especially at 2 mM concentration effectively reduced the effects of salinity on date plum seedlings and improved vegetative growth of stem and root, while chitosan had no significant effect in reducing the harmful effects induced by salt stress in this experiment. According to the results, Diospyros lotus seedlings were sensitive to salinity and using treatments such as putrescine is effective in increasing its resistance to salinity stress.
Negar Heidarian; Taher Barzegar; Zahra Ghahremani
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of water stress on the growth, yield and fruit quality of some Iranian melon accessions, an experiment was carried out in a split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replicates in research filed of university of Zanjan as during 2015. Treatments consisted ...
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In order to evaluate the effect of water stress on the growth, yield and fruit quality of some Iranian melon accessions, an experiment was carried out in a split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replicates in research filed of university of Zanjan as during 2015. Treatments consisted arrangement of three irrigation levels (starting irrigation at 100, 70 and 40% ETc) and 8 accessions of Iranian melon (‘Ghalam’ ‘Ghash’, ‘Roshe’, ‘Zerke’, ‘Khatooni’, ‘Rish Baba’, ‘Ghobadloo’, ‘Garake’ and ‘Kalyar’). The results showed that water deficit stress significantly reduced growth and fruit yield. The lowest yield (18223.1 kg/ha), fruit weight (1057.94 gr), number of fruits per plant (1.75), leaf area (124.257 cm2) and the highest leaf dry weight (21%) was obtained in water deficit stress 40% ETc. Accessions had different growth and fruit yield. In all accessions, growth and fruit yield was reduced by increasing of water deficit stress, but leaf dry weight, TSS and water use efficiency was increased. The highest amount of leaf area (410.279 cm2), yield (49881.33 kg/ha) and fruit weight (2270.9 gr) was obtained in ‘Ghalam Ghash’ under 100% ETc irrigation. Also the maximum water use efficiency was observed in "Khatooni" and ‘Ghalam Ghash’ under water deficit 40% ETc. According to the results, ‘Zerke’ and ‘Rish Baba’ with highest (65.17%) and lowest (41.16 %) yield reduction respectively under irrigation 40% ETc were sensitive and tolerance accession to the water stress compared to normal irrigation.
payman abbaszadeh dahaji; Dina S. Rezaie; Abdolreza Akhgar; Ali A. Soltani
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of bacterial isolates on growth parameters and nutrient uptake in two varieties of maize (such as SC704 & TWC645), two experiments were separately conducted based on a completely randomized design with four replications in greenhouse of University of Vali-e-Asr in ...
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In order to evaluate the effect of bacterial isolates on growth parameters and nutrient uptake in two varieties of maize (such as SC704 & TWC645), two experiments were separately conducted based on a completely randomized design with four replications in greenhouse of University of Vali-e-Asr in 2014. The experimental treatments consist of four isolates of fluorescent Pseudomonads (P7, P15, P24 and P29) and control (without bacteria inoculation). The results showed that the inoculation with isolates P29, P15, P7, P15, P29 and p24 respectively increased shoot dry weight (42.9 %), shoot length (23.7 %), leaf area (43.6 %), chlorophyll content (15.9 %), root dry weight (49.8 %) and root mass in variety of SC704 compared to the control (no inoculation). The application of most of the examined isolates enhanced the uptake of N, P, K, Ca and Mn in variety of SC704 significantly compared to the control. The examined isolates increased the uptake of Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn in root and shoot in variety of TWC645 significantly compared to the control. The highest uptake of Zn was observed in treatment P29 which raised the uptake of Zn in root and shoot 66.2 and 41.8 respectively in variety of TWC645 in comparison with control. All isolates had significant effect on SC704 root zinc uptake and largest increase in shoot Zn uptake was related to isolate P29 with 60.2% increase compared to the control. Overall, our observations revealed that the inoculation of maize with selected isolates had effective role on the growth and uptake of nutrients in maize.
Soheila Taheri; Masoud Arghavani; Seyed Najmadin Mortazavi
Abstract
This experiment was conducted in order to investigate morphophysiologycal responses of bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) to water deficit stress and sodium nitroprosside application in Horticultural Science Department at the University of Zanjan in 2015. Three soil available water levels (40, ...
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This experiment was conducted in order to investigate morphophysiologycal responses of bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) to water deficit stress and sodium nitroprosside application in Horticultural Science Department at the University of Zanjan in 2015. Three soil available water levels (40, 70 and 100%) and sodium nitroprosside (0, 250 and 500 micromolar) were applied in a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with four replications. Water deficit reduced leaves relative water content and shoot growth whereas, root growth, root to shoot ratio, leaves antioxidant capacity, electrolyte leakage, proline, total phenol and chlorophyll content increased with decreasing soil available water. Sodium nitroprosside application moderated the adverse effects of water deficit in bermuda grass by increasing leaves antioxidant capacity, proline, and chlorophyll content as well as reducing electrolyte leakage and this effect was more pronounced in 500 micromolar, suggesting that higher concentrations of sodium nitroprosside must be evaluated.
Hamed heydari; Amin Salehi
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effects of vermicompost organic fertilizers on root weight, stem weight, root length, stem length, content of photosynthetic pigments and element uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of different ecotype’s of Stachys pilifera L., a factorial based on a completely ...
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In order to evaluate the effects of vermicompost organic fertilizers on root weight, stem weight, root length, stem length, content of photosynthetic pigments and element uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of different ecotype’s of Stachys pilifera L., a factorial based on a completely randomized design with three replications was conducted at the research greenhouse, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, during 2012. Factors were vermicompost at four levels (0, 5, 10 and 15 weight percent) and ecotype at four levels (Margoon, Loudab, Abnahr and Sepidar). The results showed that Loudab and Margoon ecotype’s had the maximum nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and chlorophyll b contents and Sepidar and Abnahr ecotype’s plants had the minimum of them. In a greenhouse experiment, 15 and 0 percent vermicompost had the maximum and minimum levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and chlorophyll b, respectively, as application of vermicompost by 15 percent in the above mentioned traits increased 71/43, 61/24, 33/33 and 75% compared to control, respectively. The maximum and minimum of total chlorophyll, chlorophyll-a and carotenoid contents were obtained at Loudab and Sepidar ecotype’s with 15 and 0 percent of vermicompost, respectively. In general, the results of this study showed that Ecotypes of the habitats of the lower regions better adapt to greenhouse conditions. Result Also, indicated that application of vermicompost in level of 15 percent had a significant role in improving the morphophysiological characteristics of Stachys pilifera L. and can be used as a suitable planting bed for this plant.
Ayoob Amiri; Ali Reza Sirousmehr; Parviz Yadollahi; Mohammad Reza Asgharipour; Sedigheh Esmaeilzadeh Bahabadi
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effects of drought stress and spraying of salysilic acid and chitosan on photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant enzymes of safflower an experiement was conducted as split plot randomized complete block design at the Zabol University research farm in Zabol, south Iran during ...
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In order to evaluate the effects of drought stress and spraying of salysilic acid and chitosan on photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant enzymes of safflower an experiement was conducted as split plot randomized complete block design at the Zabol University research farm in Zabol, south Iran during 2012. Treatments were drought stress at three levels; irrigation when the soil moisture level dropped to 25, 50 and 75 percent of available water as the main treatments, and four combinations of sprayings including non-spraying, salicylic acid (0.424 g.l-1), chitosan (5 g.l-1) and combination of salicylic acid and chitosan as sub-treatments that were applied with three replications. The results indicated that drought stress significantly decreased chlrophyl a, b, total and chlrophyl flueorecense. Also drought stress increased anti-oxidant enzymes, but this increasing effect was significant in case of peroxidase enzyme. In addition, drought stress did not influence carotenoid, protein yield, and ascorbate, guaiacol peroxidase and catalase. Spraying treatments increased all traits compared to the control. Combination of salicylic acid and chitosan was more effective than sole application. Interaction of drought stress by spraying was significant on chlorophyll a and protein yield, therefore spraying of salyclic acid and chitosan could be recommend for increase the stability of cell membranes in plants and reduce the damage caused by H2O2 of limited irrigation in safflower.
Saloomeh Taheri; Taher Barzegar; Vali Rabiei; Hossein Rabi Angoorani
Abstract
Salinity is one of the most important environmental stresses that affect plant growth. In order to study the effect of Salicylic Acid (SA) on some physiological characteristics of basil under salinity conditions, the experiment was set out as a factorial design in the base of RCBD with three replications. ...
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Salinity is one of the most important environmental stresses that affect plant growth. In order to study the effect of Salicylic Acid (SA) on some physiological characteristics of basil under salinity conditions, the experiment was set out as a factorial design in the base of RCBD with three replications. Treatments consisted of four NaCl salinity levels (0, 50, 100, 150 mM), salicylic acid at three levels (0, 0.25, 0.5 mM) and two cultivars of basil (purple and green). Results showed that salinity significantly decreased amount of chlorophyll, carotenoid and leaf relative water content. Application of SA increased amounts of chlorophyll, carotenoid and leaf relative water content. The amount of proline, stomatal resistance and electrolyte leakage in leaves increased significantly under salinity condition and decreased with treatment of salicylic acid. The highest amount of chlorophyll b (0.617 mg/g FW-1) and the minimum electrolyte leakage (30.4 percent) was observed with application of 0.5 mM SA under of 0 mM NaCl concentration in green and purple basil cultivars, respectively. Also, the maximum content of proline (11.4 µg/g FW-1) and the lowest rate of stomatal resistance (7.8 s/cm-2) were obtained under 150 mM NaCl in purple and green basil cultivars, respectively. According to the results, application of salicylic acid can be proposed to improve plant growth under salinity conditions.
Masoumeh Naeemi; Gholam Ali Akbari; Amir Hosein Shirani Rad; Tahere Hasanloo; Gholam Abbas Akbari; Mahdieh Amirinejad
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of zeolite application and selenium spraying on some physiological traits and grain yield in medicinal pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) under different moisture regimes, a study was conducted in a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications ...
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In order to evaluate the effect of zeolite application and selenium spraying on some physiological traits and grain yield in medicinal pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) under different moisture regimes, a study was conducted in a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications during 2010 in Takestan at Gazvin province, Iran. The three levels of irrigation factors including normal irrigation based on 60mm evaporation from class A pan (control), withhold irrigation at the flowering and fruit formation stages, zeolite factors including two levels of non-application and use of 10 tons per hectare and selenium was sprayed at two concentration in zero and 30 grams per liter per hectare. The results showed that water deficit stress decreased stomatal conductivity, carotenoid content, chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll, grain yield and increased proline concentration and chlorophyll b content. Zeolite application of 10 tons per hectare under water deficit stress conditions had desirable effect on chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b content and grain yield, also improved traits as stomatal conductivity and reduced proline concentration. The highest grain yield (1329 kg.ha-1) was obtained with zeolite and selenium application together at normal irrigation conditions. According to the results, it seems that application of zeoilite and selenium in areas that are subjected to water deficit stress can be useful in improving plant growth and production.
Azizollah Khandan-Mirkohi; Farzaneh Kazemi; Mesbah Babalar; Rouhangiz Naderi
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of limited application of nitrogen (N) on the height control of geranium(Pelargonium hortorum) and improving its quality performance, an experiment was conducted based on acomplete randomized block design with three replications in the greenhouse environment through theyears 2011-2012. ...
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To evaluate the effect of limited application of nitrogen (N) on the height control of geranium(Pelargonium hortorum) and improving its quality performance, an experiment was conducted based on acomplete randomized block design with three replications in the greenhouse environment through theyears 2011-2012. Geranium seedlings were cultivated in the pots filled with peat-based substrate (peat, 80vol. percent + sandy loam field soil 20 vol. percent). For the limited application of N, four differentnutrient solutions with the same macro and micro elements, except N levels of 2.5, two, 1.5 and one mMwere applied. The rate of ammonium to nitrate nitrogen for all treatments was kept as 20 to 80 percent.The traits such as plant height, number and length of shoots, number of florescence and number offlowers in the florescence, pedicle length and leaf number, leaf area, chlorophyll, antocianins, fresh anddry weight of shoot and root were measured at the end of the experiment. Limitation of N applicationfrom 2.5 mM to 1.5 mM in the nutrient solution, although reduced the length of shoot, but did not affectnegatively the quality of plants. Farther decreasing of N level to 1 mM, negatively influenced the allquality and quantity parameters of the plant and may not be introduced for production of geranium.
Raheleh Edalati Morafah; Mostafa Arab; Rohangiz Naderi; Majid Rahemi
Abstract
Leaf yellowing is a major problem in postharvest of Alstroemeria cut flowers. For delaying of leaf yellowing and increasing flower quality a completely randomized factorial design was carried out on the Alstroemeria cut flowers (‘Fuji’ cultivar). In this research Ethanol (0, 2, 4, 6%), GA3 ...
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Leaf yellowing is a major problem in postharvest of Alstroemeria cut flowers. For delaying of leaf yellowing and increasing flower quality a completely randomized factorial design was carried out on the Alstroemeria cut flowers (‘Fuji’ cultivar). In this research Ethanol (0, 2, 4, 6%), GA3 (0, 50, 100, 150 mg/litre) in two methods (pulse and continuous) were investigated on the flower vese life and other qualitative traits. There is 4% sucrose in all treatments except control. Result revealed that continuous treatment had more effect on the vase life and quality of flowers than pulse treatment. 4% Ethanol prolonged vase life and increased solution uptake. Increasing GA3 concentration in holding solution prolonged vase life and coused better retention of quality of cut flowers. However had no significant difference in 100 &150 mg/L GA3 in flower vase life, solution uptake and fresh weight? Moreover GA3 in pulse treatment had more effect than continuous treatment on better retention of chlorophyll.
Hamid Bagheri; Babak Andalibi; Mohammad Reza Azimi moghaddam
Abstract
In order to possibility of improving physiological traits, yield and yield components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius cv. sina) by anti-transpiration application in rainfed condition, a research was carried out in factorial based on randomized complete block design (RCDB) with three replications in ...
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In order to possibility of improving physiological traits, yield and yield components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius cv. sina) by anti-transpiration application in rainfed condition, a research was carried out in factorial based on randomized complete block design (RCDB) with three replications in Miyaneh region (East Azarbaijan province - Iran) in 2011. The treatments antitranspirant rate were zero (control), 80, 120 and 160 g a.i.ha-1. The antitranspirant application time was at elongation, flowering and seed filling stages. The results showed that there were significant differences between treatments in all studied traits. Applying atrazine at 80 and 120 g a.i.ha-1 specially in flowering stage by providing plant favorite conditions such as reducing canopy temperature, increasing photosynthesis and chlorophyll content, improved yield and yield components comparing to rainfed stressed condition. Applying atrazine at 160 g a.i.ha-1 did not improve growth but acted as a growth inhibitor. The highest and lowest number of prolific capitol, number of seed in capitol and also grain yield were obtained at 120 g a.i.ha-1 in flowering time and 160 g a.i.ha-1 in elongation time, respectively.