sahar keramati; Ahmad Gholami; Mehdi Baradaran; Hamid Abbasdokht
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 10 October 2020
Abstract
In order to investigate the role of foliar application of yeast extract on physiological and Biochemical properties of cowpea (Vigna sinensis L.) under drought stress conditions. A factorial experiment as a randomized complete block design with three replications in Agriculture Campus of Shahrood University ...
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In order to investigate the role of foliar application of yeast extract on physiological and Biochemical properties of cowpea (Vigna sinensis L.) under drought stress conditions. A factorial experiment as a randomized complete block design with three replications in Agriculture Campus of Shahrood University of Technology (placed in Bastam) during 2017 in drought stress and foliar application of yeast extract was conducted. Drought stress was in two stages of 50 present flowering and 50 present pod formation with control treatment (without irrigation interruption). Foliar application of yeast extract (two, four, six g / L and control) was repeated two times with seven days interval and the first time was 30 days after planting. The results showed that drought stress decreased relative water content of leaves. In contrast, relative water content (5.82%), proline content (30.74%), leaf flavonoid (83%), nitrogen (3.82%), phosphorus (22.22%) and potassium (43%) Among the traits that increased with the use of yeast extract compared to control treatment. six g / L yeast extract increased grain yield (1.02 t ha-1), leaf anthocyanin (0.072 mg /g fresh weight), proline (31.62 mg /g fresh weight) Was. It is concluded that a concentration of six g / L of yeast extract can be useful in reducing the severity of drought stress. the yeast extract can act as an ecological strategy to improve the defensive response against environmental stresses
Atefeh Sadat Mousavi; Masoumeh Naeemi; ali Rahemi karizaki; Abdolatif Gholizadeh
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 27 April 2021
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of chitosan and salicylic acid elicitors on osmotic adjustment and some physiological traits of Hyssop under experimental drought conditions, in a split plot design with randomized complete block design with Three replications at research farm of Gonbad Kavous University ...
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In order to investigate the effect of chitosan and salicylic acid elicitors on osmotic adjustment and some physiological traits of Hyssop under experimental drought conditions, in a split plot design with randomized complete block design with Three replications at research farm of Gonbad Kavous University during 2018-2019. Irrigation factor at three levels including seven, 14 and 21 days’ irrigation interval as main factor and four levels of spraying including no elicitor (control treatment, spraying), salicylic acid (300 mg. l-1), Chitosan spraying (5 g. l-1) and the combination of salicylic acid and chitosan were considered as auxiliary agents. Results of analysis of variance showed that the interaction between spraying and irrigation had significant effects on ion leakage, chlorophyll a content, soluble sugar and malondialdehyde content but was insignificant on carotenoid and essential oil yield. spraying of salicylic acid and with 17% reduction in ion leakage and 40% reduction in plant malondialdehyde compared to the control increased the stability of cell membranes under 21-day irrigation stress. In the same treatment, chitosan increased the amount of photosynthetic pigments and total chlorophyll by 51% compared to the control. According to the results, salicylic acid and Chitosan were able to increase the ability of hyssop in response to water deficit stress by activating different tolerance mechanisms.
Seyedahmad Kalantarahmadi; Jahanfar Daneshian
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 02 February 2021
Abstract
The experiment was carried out as a split plot based on randomized complete block design with 3 replications in Safiabad Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Dezful during two years (2012-2014). The main plots were consisted of 3 sowing date levels (5th Nov, 25th Nov and ...
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The experiment was carried out as a split plot based on randomized complete block design with 3 replications in Safiabad Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Dezful during two years (2012-2014). The main plots were consisted of 3 sowing date levels (5th Nov, 25th Nov and 15th Dec) and sub plots included 10 levels of foliar application (100, 200, 300 mg.lit-1 ascorbic acid, 100, 200, 300 μmol ascorbic acid, 10, 20, 30 vol% methanol and the foliar application of distilled water as control treatment). The effect of sowing date and foliar application as well as their interaction had significant effect on proline, soluble sugars, number of siliques per plant and seed yield (P≤0.01). Comparing the means of sowing date × foliar application showed that the maximum number of siliques per plant (68.96) was formed in the first sowing date and foliar application of ascorbic acid (300 mg.lit-1). There was a significant difference between different sowing dates and seed yield decreased in the second and third sowing date compared to the first one by 145 and 30%, respectively. However, foliar application of experimental treatments increased the seed yield in all sowing dates, but using of ascorbic acid (300 mg.lit-1) in the first and third sowing date as well as salicylic acid (200 µmol) and methanol (10%) in the second sowing date were recommended.
Mojdeh Sadat Khayat Moghadam; Ahmad Gholami; Amir Hossein Shirani rad; Mahdi BaradaranFiroozabadi; Hamid Abbasdokht
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 03 February 2021
Abstract
In order to study the effects of late-season drought stress and foliar application of potassium silicate on yield and yield components of spring genotypes of canola, a factorial split-plot experiment was conducted in Karaj, Iran in a randomized complete block configuration with three replications for ...
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In order to study the effects of late-season drought stress and foliar application of potassium silicate on yield and yield components of spring genotypes of canola, a factorial split-plot experiment was conducted in Karaj, Iran in a randomized complete block configuration with three replications for two years of cultivation (2016-2018). The irrigation was performed at two levels in this study, including routine irrigation (control) and interruption of irrigation from the pod formation stage. Potassium silicate foliar application at two levels comprised of 0 and 4 g liter-1 in factorial status in main plots and five Brassica napus L. genotypes including OG×AL, RGS×SLM, DALGAN, RGS003 and RGS×Okapi in subplots. The results showed that the measured properties were affected by the applied treatments. Full irrigation with foliar application in OG×AL genotype resulted in highest seed yield (5620 Kg/ha) and total chlorophyll content (1.71 mg/g.FW) . increased stomatal resistance, leaf proline, leaf soluble carbohydrates and decreased total chlorophyll content and relative leaf water content. Under drought stress conditions, DALGAN and RGS × SLM genotypes had higher yield, which indicates its better performance under stress conditions. Finally, our research demonstrated Potassium Silicate's beneficial effects in improving the drought tolerance of canola plants, particularly at the end of the season. Our study will act as a foundation for attempting new approaches to mitigate drought damage and establish a functional connection between the position of potassium silicate, physiological response, and drought stress tolerance in canola plants.
Siavash Heshmati; Gholam Akbari; Majid Amini Dehaghi; Kayvan Fathi Amirkhiz; Keyvan Maleki
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 28 March 2021
Abstract
In order to study the foliar application of melatonin on plants grown from safflower in different seed quality under drought condition, two field experiments were carried out at research farm of Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran in 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. The experimental design was split-factorial ...
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In order to study the foliar application of melatonin on plants grown from safflower in different seed quality under drought condition, two field experiments were carried out at research farm of Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran in 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. The experimental design was split-factorial in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The treatments consisted of two levels of drought stress (1- normal irrigation (no-stress) and 2- irrigation after reaching 85% of soil moisture depletion of field capacity at flowering stage (drought stress)) were randomized to the main plots. Subplots were 4 treatments in number and consisted of a factorial combination of seed quality (stored seed and recently harvested seeds) and foliar application (1-control and, 2- melatonin foliar application). The results illustrated that the SOD and CAT activity were increased in response to melatonin in plants grown from recently harvested seeds under drought condition. Furthermore, it indicated that foliar application of melatonin decreased the amount of leaf soluble proteins by 28 % in plants grown from recently harvested seeds under drought condition. The results showed that the amount of malondialdehyde decreased by 37% in plants grown from recently harvested seeds by foliar application of melatonin under drought condition. It seems that the seed quality has a great influence on grown plants and, also using melatonin may play a substantial role in ameliorating the injuries derived from stress on safflower plant.
Mahdi Motaefi; Alireza Sirousmehr; Mohsen Mohsen Mousavi nik
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 14 March 2021
Abstract
Drought stress is the most important factors in reducing crop yield, and, it is important to know the ways to cope with drought. This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of organic growth Stimulator (Hamoon green) on yield and some physiological indices of safflower under drought stress ...
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Drought stress is the most important factors in reducing crop yield, and, it is important to know the ways to cope with drought. This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of organic growth Stimulator (Hamoon green) on yield and some physiological indices of safflower under drought stress during the 2017-2018 in university of Zabol (Chahnime) as split plot based on RCBD with three replications. Experimental treatments included drought factor based on plant growth stages at three levels (complete irrigation throughout the growing season, irrigation up to terminal bud forms, irrigation up to completed flowering) and spraying factor of organic growth stimulator at 4 levels (pure water), foliar application was Hamoon green 1 liter in 10 liters + calcium, Hamoon green 1 liter in 20 liters + calcium and Hamoon green 1 liter in 30 liters + calcium. The results showed that drought reduced the height, 1000-seed weight and oil percentage by 44.41, 31.24 and 17.10%, respectively. Spraying hamoon green 1 liter in 10 liters + calcium caused an increase of 18.03, 13.90 and 13.74 percent of the above traits compared to the control. The highest grain yield (1885.55 kg.ha-1), chlorophyll a, b, total and carotenoids (3.49, 0.94, 2.74 and 5.34 mg.gr-1 fw, respectively), selenium content (5.18 mg.kg-1 fw) and seed calcium content (2.91%) were obtained from hamoon green 1 liter in 10 liter + calcium and complete irrigation treatment. In general, it seems that by spraying 1 liter per 10 liters of calcium, good performance can be achieved.
Saeid Davazdahemami; Shekofe Enteshari; Marzyeh Allahdadi; shahram yasmani
Volume 23, Issue 1 , Winter 2021, , Pages 127-139
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of irrigation water salinity on some characteristics of Ajowan (Carum copticum L. C.B. Clarke), a field experiment has been conducted in a completely randomized design with 3 replications in Isfahan, Iran during 2013. The treatments involve different levels of saline ...
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In order to investigate the effect of irrigation water salinity on some characteristics of Ajowan (Carum copticum L. C.B. Clarke), a field experiment has been conducted in a completely randomized design with 3 replications in Isfahan, Iran during 2013. The treatments involve different levels of saline water, namely 2.5 (control), 6, 9, and 18 dS.m-1. The determined traits include the yield, biochemical parameters, mineral contents, and seed essential oil content and quality. Results show that increasing salinity decreases biological yield and seed yield. Changes in essential oil components, caused by salinity, have been low, showing no specific trend. The major compound in the seed essential oil of C. capticum is thymol (56.1% to 61.2% of the essential oil). The highest concentration of total protein (root: 3.6 and shoot: 8.2 mg g-1 DW) is assigned to the control treatment, dropping significantly as salinity levels rise. Increasing salinity enhances the amount of proline and reducing sugars so that the highest amount of root proline, equal to 12 mg g-1 FW, and reducing sugars (root: 30.5 and shoot: 62 mg g-1 DW) comes from salinity of 18 dS.m-1. Increasing salinity levels raises the amount of phenolic compounds in the shoot, though this increase has not been considerable. The treatment of 18 dS.m-1 has had the lowest concentration of K+ (root: 5 and shoot: 22 mg g-1 DW) and the highest concentration of Na+ (root: 54 and shoot: 64 mg g-1 DW).It can be concluded that by increasing salinity levels, the amount of resistant osmolytes rises.
Mahdieh Fallah; Hashem Hadi; Reza Amirnia; Abdollah Hasanzadeh Gorttapeh
Volume 23, Issue 1 , Winter 2021, , Pages 141-154
Abstract
The present experiment has been conducted as a factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications in the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research farm of Urmia for two years (2017-2018) to investigate the effect of green manure residues and fertilizer sources on physiological ...
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The present experiment has been conducted as a factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications in the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research farm of Urmia for two years (2017-2018) to investigate the effect of green manure residues and fertilizer sources on physiological traits, biological yield, and seed oil content of linseed. Experimental factors include green manure in two levels: no green manure and red clover (Trifolium pratense), different sources of fertilizer in four levels: no fertilizer, mycorrhiza, vermicompost and mycorrhiza + vermicompost, both in full irrigation condition and irrigation terminationat the flowering stage. Results of the combined analysis show that the year has a significant effect on chlorophyll a, colonization percentage, grain nitrogen and phosphorus, biological yield, and seed oil. Irrigation termination treatment decreases all traits except proline and soluble carbohydrate contents. Green manure, mycorrhizae, and vermicompost significantly increase the studied traits at both irrigation levels, except for grain nitrogen, not affected by green manure. The application of mycorrhiza+ vermicompost, with or without green manure, is more effective than their individual applications. The dual application results in an increase of 68.98% and 61.34% for biological yield and 11.8% and 4.5% for seed oil, compared to the control in complete irrigation treatment, respectively. In general, green manure, mycorrhiza, and vermicompost can improve the quantitative and qualitative performance of flaxseed in irrigation terminationat the flowering stage.
jaber khordadi Varamin; Farzad Fanoodi; jafar masoud sinaki; Shahram rezvan; Ali Damavandi
Volume 22, Issue 3 , Summer 2020, , Pages 385-406
Abstract
To investigate the physiological responses of sesame cultivars to the application of nano magnesium and chitosan biopolymer under different irrigation regimes, a split factorial based on randomized complete block design has been conducted with three replicates between 2017 and 2018. The irrigation cut-off, ...
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To investigate the physiological responses of sesame cultivars to the application of nano magnesium and chitosan biopolymer under different irrigation regimes, a split factorial based on randomized complete block design has been conducted with three replicates between 2017 and 2018. The irrigation cut-off, based on BBCH scale, has served as the main factor (normal irrigation, irrigation up to 50% flowering, and seed ripening), with the sub factors including Oltan and Dashtestan-2 sesame cultivars, and nano magnesium (application and non-application) and chitosan (control, 4.8, and 6.4 g.L-1). The highest mean grain yield belongs to the application of 6.4 g.L-1 chitosan under normal irrigation with an average of 1235.1 kg.ha-1. Also, the highest total chlorophyll content is observed in Dashtestan-2 genotype under normal irrigation with a mean of 24.7 mg.g-1 FW and the lowest mean have been obtained in both genotypes under irrigation up to 65 BBCH with a mean of 17.21 and 17.46 mg.g-1 FW, respectively. Application of nano fertilizer in Oltan genotype under irrigation up to 65 BBCH increases the catalase activity by 41.11%, compared to the control treatment. The highest activity of ascorbate peroxidase has been achieved when not applying chitosan under irrigation conditions up to 65 BBCH. It has risen by 55.06%, compared to the control treatment. In general, the results show that irrigation up to 65 BBCH reduces grain yield, in turn alleviated by the negative effects of stress on magnesium and chitosan nanoparticles (9.93% and 27.46%, respectively). Based on the regression analysis results, four traits, namely chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, proline, and catalase, enter the model that explains 42.11% of the total grain yield variations. Results of simple correlation between traits and regression analysis indicate the indirect effects of physiological traits on grain yield and among the studied parameters, photosynthetic pigments has been of high account in stress conditions.
Ali Nakhzari Moghaddam; Hajberdi Ghelichi Yanghagh; Abbas Biabani; Fakhtak Taliey
Volume 22, Issue 2 , Spring 2020, , Pages 205-215
Abstract
In order to study the effect of nitrogen and irrigation interval on quantity traits and protein of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.), a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design was conducted with three replications at research farm of Gonbad Kavous University during 2016. Interval irrigation ...
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In order to study the effect of nitrogen and irrigation interval on quantity traits and protein of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.), a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design was conducted with three replications at research farm of Gonbad Kavous University during 2016. Interval irrigation factor was at three levels including irrigation each 10, 20 and 30-day, nitrogen fertilizer in three levels of non-application and application of 50 and 100 kg per hectare and mung bean genotypes in two levels of VC-1973A and Partov. The results showed that the highest grain yield was obtained from 30-day irrigation interval with 100 and 50 kg per hectare nitrogen and the lowest grain yield was obtained from 10–day irrigation interval and 100 kg nitrogen/ha and non-application treatment and also 20–day irrigation interval and non-application of nitrogen/ha. Grain yield in VC-1973A was 72.52% higher than partov gernotype. The highest protein percentage was obtained from irrigation interval of 30-day and the lowest was obtained from 10-day irrigation interval. With increasing of nitrogen consumption, protein percentage increased but proline decreased. Increasing of irrigation intervals from 10 to 30-day increased the amount of proline in mung bean genotypes. Protein percentage and amount of proline in Partov was 9.49% and 29.66% more than VC-1973A. In addition, although in some traits Partov was superior but in more traits especially grain yield VC-1973A was better than Partov and increasing of interval irrigation and nitrogen consumption created better conditions for mung bean production.
Tahereh Sedighi Shiri; Malek Hossein Shahriari; Mohammad Hedayat; Shahriar Osfouri
Volume 22, Issue 2 , Spring 2020, , Pages 319-332
Abstract
In order to study the effect of organic amendment application on the growth and biochemical characteristics of French marigold (Tagetes patula) in soil contaminated with different levels of gas condensate, a factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with three replications. ...
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In order to study the effect of organic amendment application on the growth and biochemical characteristics of French marigold (Tagetes patula) in soil contaminated with different levels of gas condensate, a factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with three replications. The experimental factors consisted of gas condensate at five levels of 0, 7,500, 15,000, 30,000 and 60,000 μL per kg of soil, and soil amendment including vermicompost (5%), biochar (2%), Activated carbon (1%), vermicompost+ activated carbon+ biochar and non-amendment treatments. The results of the analysis of variance showed that the main and interactive effects of gas condensate and soil amendments were significant on traits of fresh and dry weight of root and shoot, chlorophyll a and b and proline content (P < 0.01). At the highest level of contaminant, the application of activated carbon and vermicompost+ activated carbon+ biochar respectively caused 3.82 and 4.45-fold increase in shoot fresh weight, 3.76 and 4.4-fold increase in root fresh weight, 2.52 and 2.56-fold increase in chlorophyll a, and also decreased 30.66 and 39.5 percent of proline content compared to the non-amendment treatment at this level of contaminant. The results of this research indicated the effective and useful role of organic soil amendment, especially activated carbon and vermicompost+ activated carbon+ biochar in reducing the toxicity of gas condensate on French marigold.
Mahdi Motakefi; Ahmad Ghanbari; Seyyed Mohsen MoussAvi Nik; Alireza Sirousmehr
Volume 21, Issue 4 , Autumn 2019, , Pages 367-377
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of organic growth Stimulator on growth and yield of rapeseed (Dalgan cultivar) under drought in university of Zabol (Chahnime) during 2017as split plot design based on RCBD with three replications. The treatments consisted of irrigation cut off levels ...
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This study was conducted to investigate the effect of organic growth Stimulator on growth and yield of rapeseed (Dalgan cultivar) under drought in university of Zabol (Chahnime) during 2017as split plot design based on RCBD with three replications. The treatments consisted of irrigation cut off levels based on the phenological growth stages (Sylvester-Bradley encoding system): I1 = control (complete irrigation), I2 = irrigation up to stage the growth rate code is 2.20 (twenty internally identified) and I3 = irrigation to stage the growth rate code is 5.9 (all pods are more than 2 cm long) and subsidiary factor consists of four levels of fertilizer : F1 = control (pure water solution), F2 = Hamoon Green 1 liter at 10 liter + calcium, F3 = Hamoon Green 1 L at 20 liter + calcium, F4 = Hamoon Green 1 liter at 30 liter + Calcium. The results showed that I2 caused a significant decrease in plant height, stem diameter, number of pods, number of seeds per pod, 1000 seed weight, grain and biological yield and oil percentage, and also F2 increased the above traits except the percentage of oil. Interaction effects showed that the highest amount of chlorophyll a, b, total, carotenoid, selenium and calcium content of grain obtained from I1F2. The highest amount of proline in I2F2 observed. The highest of these traits was obtained from F2. Generally, spraying of the organic growth stimulator can be moderates the harmful effects of drought stress in rapeseed and 27% improved seed yield.
Khiermohammad Mohammadi; Ali Ebadi; Mohammad Ali Askari Sarchishmeh; Mohammad Reza fattahi Moghaddam; Hossein Hokmabadi
Volume 21, Issue 3 , Summer 2019, , Pages 323-336
Abstract
Plants employ antioxidant mechanism to face different stresses. In this research work the effect of salinity stress, caused by increasing sodium chloride, on the antioxidative system and some physiological characteristics of selected pistachio seedlings (Badami-Riz-e- Zarand, Qazvini, Sarakhs, Atlantica ...
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Plants employ antioxidant mechanism to face different stresses. In this research work the effect of salinity stress, caused by increasing sodium chloride, on the antioxidative system and some physiological characteristics of selected pistachio seedlings (Badami-Riz-e- Zarand, Qazvini, Sarakhs, Atlantica UCB1, and Hybrids of Pistacia. vera cv. Badami-Riz-e-Zarand × P. Integerrima, P. vera cv. Sharakhs× P. Integerrima, P. atlantica Desf. × P. Integerrima ) was studied. A greenhouse experiment was conducted as a factorial based on a completely randomized design with three replications in Cocopit and Perlite media. Treatments consisted of four salinity levels (0, 75, 150 and 225 mM NaCl) and above mentioned Root stocks. Using salt in nutrient solution was carried out in the second year of seedling growth for nine weeks. At the end of experiment, some physiological and biochemical traits of seedlings were measured. Results showed that, leaf area and total chlorophyll contents decreased in all treated plants. Under the salinity stress, a higher reduction in the observed traits was noticed in the Atlantica rootstock while less effect on the Badami-Riz-e-Zarand was noticed. Also, it has been found that by increasing salinity levels the levels of proline, total phenol content and antioxidant enzymes activity were higher in Badami-Riz-e-Zarand × P. Integerrima, Badami-Riz-Zarand and Qazvini compared to others. It seems that Hybrid of Badami-Riz-e-Zarand × P. Integerrima, Badami-Riz-Zarand and Qazvini rootstocks had more ability to sustain leaf water and proteins and therefore, were more resistant to salinity stress.
Shilan Aslani; Taher Barzegar; Jaefar Nikbakht
Volume 21, Issue 2 , Summer 2019, , Pages 221-232
Abstract
In order to study the effect of water deficit stress and foliar spray of humic acid (HA) on physiological and yield traits of tomato, an experiment was carried out in a split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the research filed of University of Zanjan, in 2016. ...
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In order to study the effect of water deficit stress and foliar spray of humic acid (HA) on physiological and yield traits of tomato, an experiment was carried out in a split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the research filed of University of Zanjan, in 2016. Treatments consisted arrangement of three irrigation levels (starting irrigation at 100, 80 and 60 percent ETc) and 4 levels of HA (0, 100, 200 and 300 mg.l-1). The results showed that deficit irrigation significantly decreased stomatal conductance, membrane stability index, leaf relative water chlorophyll a and b content and plant yield, and increased the proline content and proxidase activity. Treatment of HA enhanced proxidase activity, leaf relative water content, proline, chlorophyll, membrane stability index and plant yield under normal and deficit irrigation, and decreased stomatal conductance. The highest peroxidase activity (1.207 uints.g-1FW.Min-1) and proline content (11.5 mg.gFW-1) was obtained with treatment of HA 200 mg L-1 under irrigation 60 percent ETc. Also, maximum leaf relative water content (78.6 percent) and membrane stability index (70.01 percent) was achieved in HA 300 and 200 mg L-1, respectively under irrigation 100 percent ETc. The maximum plant yield was obtained with application of HA 200 mg L-1 under irrigation 100 %ETc. According to the results, application of HA 200 mg L-1 can be proposed to improve physiological traits and increase fruit yield.
Tahere Shahmirzaee jeshvaghani; Mohammad Rafieiolhossaini; Abdolrazagh Danesh Shahraki; Ali Tadayyon
Volume 20, Issue 4 , Winter 2019, , Pages 817-830
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of humic acid foliar application on drought stress effects of Niger (Guizotia abyssinica (L.F) Cass), a split plot experiment was done in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of the faculty of agriculture/Shahrekord University ...
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In order to investigate the effect of humic acid foliar application on drought stress effects of Niger (Guizotia abyssinica (L.F) Cass), a split plot experiment was done in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of the faculty of agriculture/Shahrekord University in 2016. The main factor consisted of four drought stress levels (60 (control), 100, 140 and 180 mm evaporation from evaporation pan) and the sub factor was including four humic acid levels (0, 2, 4 and 6 liters per hectare). The results showed that the effect of drought stress and humic acid was significant on plant height, number of lateral branches, number of head per unit area, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, chlorophyll, carotenoids and proline (at 1% level of probability). Drought stress caused decreasing and humic acid caused increasing in all traits except of proline. The interaction effect of drought stress and humic acid on number of head per unit area, grain yield, harvest index, proline (at 1% level of probability) and on plant height (at 5% level of probability) was significant.The maximum plant height, number of heads per unit area, grain yield and harvest index were obtained at control with six liters humic acid application per hectare, and the maximum amount of proline was observed at the treatment of 180 mm evaporation with no humic acid application. It is recommended to use 100 mm evaporation regime with 4 liters humic acid application per hectare for more economic profit.
Fatemeh Zarei; Malek Hossein Shahriari; Rahim Nikkhah; Parviz Bayat; Ali Dindarlou
Volume 20, Issue 4 , Winter 2019, , Pages 849-868
Abstract
This research was carried out with the aim of studding the effect of chelate and nanochelate of potassium foliar application on some growth and physiological characteristics of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under deficit irrigation stress. The study was conducted as a factorial experiment in a randomized ...
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This research was carried out with the aim of studding the effect of chelate and nanochelate of potassium foliar application on some growth and physiological characteristics of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under deficit irrigation stress. The study was conducted as a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the greenhouse of Agriculture Faculty of Bushehr University in 2016-2017. Plants were subjected to four deficit irrigation stress levels (100, 80, 60 and 40% of field capacity moisture). Four different rates of chelate and nanochelate of potassium (0, 1, 3 and 5 g/L) were applied through foliar spray. The results indicated that deficit irrigation stress significantly (p
Roghie Bamshad; Mahmoud Ramroudi; Mohammad Asgharipour
Volume 20, Issue 3 , Autumn 2018, , Pages 655-666
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects Azoto of irrigation cutting and chemical and biological fertilizers, Azoto Barvar 1 and phosphate Barvar 2 on grain yield, essential oil and biochemical properties cumin, an experiment was conducted as split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three ...
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In order to investigate the effects Azoto of irrigation cutting and chemical and biological fertilizers, Azoto Barvar 1 and phosphate Barvar 2 on grain yield, essential oil and biochemical properties cumin, an experiment was conducted as split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the University of Zabol Research Farm during 2016. Main plots included four levels of irrigation cutting; conventional irrigation, irrigation cutting in between stem elongation to flowering, irrigation cutting in between flowering to beginning of the grain filling period and irrigation cutting in between beginning to end of grain filling period. The subplot was the different type of phosphorous fertilizer including control (no fertilizer application), Azoto Barvar 1 and Phosphate Barvar 2 and triple superphosphate. Results indicated that the interaction of irrigation cutting and phosphorous fertilizer was significant on seed yield, oil percentage, carbohydrates, proline, total protein, absorption of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium. The greatest seed yield, oil percentage, total protein, nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus obtained at conventional irrigation along with the application of Azoto Barvar 1, while the greatest proline was achieved at irrigation cutting between beginnings to the end of grain filling period along with the application of triple superphosphate. The greatest carbohydrate was observed at irrigation cutting between beginnings to the end of the grain filling period along with the application of Phosphate Barvar 2. In conclusion, results indicated positive effects of biofertilizers on the improvement of nutritional conditions of plants under irrigation cutting conditions
Ali Momenpour; Davod Bakhshi; Ali Imani
Volume 20, Issue 2 , Summer 2018, , Pages 371-381
Abstract
The types of scion-rootstock compound and level of salinity affect on almond biochemical reactions. In order to evaluate the effect of salinity stress on biochemical reactions of almond genotypes, a experiment was carried out with 2 factors; cultivar in 4 levels including Shahrood 12, Touno, 1- 16 budded ...
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The types of scion-rootstock compound and level of salinity affect on almond biochemical reactions. In order to evaluate the effect of salinity stress on biochemical reactions of almond genotypes, a experiment was carried out with 2 factors; cultivar in 4 levels including Shahrood 12, Touno, 1- 16 budded on GF677 rootstock and GF677 and water salinity in five levels including 0, 1.2, 2.4, 3.6 and 4.8 g/l of sodium chloride salt (that electrical conductivity equal to 0.5, 2.5, 4.9, 7.3 and 9.8 ds/m, respectively). The result showed that in the total genotypes studied, with increasing salinity concentration to treatment 4.8 gr/lit, were increased content of hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, others aldehyde. Also, content of total phenolics, antioxidant capacity, soluble carbohydrate, prolin, total soluble proteins, enzymes activity of catalase, ghayacol peroxidase and ascorbat peroxidase in the total genotypes studied, in begging, with increasing salinity concentration, were increased but with more increasing salinity concentration, those contents were reduced. Overall, the highest content of total soluble proteins, enzymes activity of catalase, ghayacol peroxidase and ascorbat peroxidase in level of salinity 3.6 gr/lit and the highest content of total phenolics, antioxidant capacity, soluble carbohydrate and prolin in level of salinity 4.8 gr/lit and lowest content of hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, others aldehyde and total non-soluble carbohydrate in levels of salinity 3.6 and 4.8 gr/lit were observed in ‘Shahrood 12’ cultivar. Overall, of between total genotypes studied, Shahrood 12’ was recognized as the most tolerant cultivar to salinity stress.
Shahram Taheri; Ahmad Gholami; Hamid Abbasdokht; Hassan Makarian
Volume 20, Issue 2 , Summer 2018, , Pages 487-502
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effects of seed priming to reduce water deficit stress in safflower cultivars, an experiment was conducted as a split plot factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications at Shahrood Agricultural Research Center in 2015. The main plot consisted of ...
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In order to evaluate the effects of seed priming to reduce water deficit stress in safflower cultivars, an experiment was conducted as a split plot factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications at Shahrood Agricultural Research Center in 2015. The main plot consisted of irrigation at three levels based on the evaporation from class A evaporation pan: non water deficit stress (60 mm evaporation), mild water deficit stress (120 mm evaporation) and severe water deficit stress (180 mm evaporation) and subplots consisted of two factors include safflower cultivars (Goldasht, Sina and Soffeh) and seed priming (Primed seeds with salicylic acid and non-primed). The results showed that severe water stress reduced the grain yield by about 29 percent compared to non stress conditions. In these conditions activity of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and catalase enzymes was increased by about 33, 25, 29 and 40 percent respectively. In severe water deficit conditions, content of malondialdehyde, proline and carotenoid significantly increased but the amount of chlorophyll was reduced. Priming of seeds with salicylic acid caused the antioxidant defense system activity to be increased by about 7-9 percent, therefore increased resistance of safflower plants to water stress and resulted in greater seed yield under water stress conditions. Interaction of irrigation and cultivar appeared to be significant on seed yield and activity of catalase, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase enzymes.
Jasem Parkhideh; Taher Barzegar; Fattemeh Nekonam; Jafar Nikbakht
Volume 20, Issue 2 , Summer 2018, , Pages 357-369
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of deficit irrigation stress on growth, yield and physiological traits of bitter apple (Citrullus colocynthis), the experiment was conducted with three replications. Irrigation levels were 100% ETc and two deficit irrigation 70% and 50% ETc. The results showed that deficit irrigation ...
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To evaluate the effect of deficit irrigation stress on growth, yield and physiological traits of bitter apple (Citrullus colocynthis), the experiment was conducted with three replications. Irrigation levels were 100% ETc and two deficit irrigation 70% and 50% ETc. The results showed that deficit irrigation stress significantly reduced growth and fruit yield. The lowest leaf area, plant length, fruit number per plant and fruit yield was obtained in deficit irrigation 50% ETc. Relative water content and chlorophyll content significantly decreased in response to increase in deficit irrigation stress. The increase in deficit irrigation stress resulted in higher peroxidase activity, electrolyte leakage and proline accumulation, although there was no significant difference between irrigation 100 and 70% ETc. Deficit irrigation 70% ETc saved 30% of irrigation water with a 15.5% reduction in fruit yield, so caused 16.8% increase in water use efficiency. Therefore, under limited irrigation water, it is recommended to irrigate bitter apple plants at 70% ETc irrigation to produce not only the same yields, approximately, but also to save more of water as compared to 100% ETc treatment.
Hamideh Igdari; Ebrahim Ganji Mogadam; Ahmad Asgarzadeh
Volume 20, Issue 2 , Summer 2018, , Pages 315-327
Abstract
Arizona Cypress (Cupressus arizonica L.) and Thuja (Thuja orientalis L.) are very important evergreen and mainly used as ornamental trees. This study was carried out in two independent experiments with the main purpose of evaluating of freezing tolerance of Arizona Cypress and Thuja with eight levels ...
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Arizona Cypress (Cupressus arizonica L.) and Thuja (Thuja orientalis L.) are very important evergreen and mainly used as ornamental trees. This study was carried out in two independent experiments with the main purpose of evaluating of freezing tolerance of Arizona Cypress and Thuja with eight levels of temperatures (control, -10, -15, -20, -25, -30, -35, -40℃) in a completely randomized design. Proline, Electrolyte leakages, Soluble carbohydrate and Re-growth were measured. Result showed that, in both species Proline and Electrolyte leakages increased. Re-growth percentage decreased dramaticaly in both species with lowering temperature level. so that any Re-growth was observed for Thuja and Arizona Cypress in the -30 and -20℃, respectively. Interactions between Soluble carbohydrate and temperature were not significant for Thuja but decreased significantly (P>0.01) in Arizona Cypress. There was a negative significant correlation between Re-growth, in Thuja (-0.895ôô) and Arizona Cypress (-0.646ôô) with temperature. According to the results, Arizona Cypress was more susceptible to freezing compared to Thuja.
Babak Peikarestan; Mehrdad Yarnia; Hamid Madani; Hossein Heidari Sharif Abad
Volume 20, Issue 1 , Spring 2018, , Pages 161-172
Abstract
This experiment was carried out on the effect of deficit irrigation and zinc foliar application on chase and challenger sweet corn hybrids in Arak, Islamic Azad University, Agriculture Research Station as a split-plot factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications ...
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This experiment was carried out on the effect of deficit irrigation and zinc foliar application on chase and challenger sweet corn hybrids in Arak, Islamic Azad University, Agriculture Research Station as a split-plot factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications during 2014 and 2015. Different levels of water irrigation included full irrigation (control), every furrow irrigation and alternative furrow irrigation were measured assigned to main plot and foliar treatment included non-application of zinc (water sprayed (control), application of drop zinc sulfate (2/1000 lit. ha-1) and fast zinc sulfate (2/1000 lit. ha-1) and two sweet and super sweet corn hybrids by factors in sub plot. Results showed that irrigation patterns, application of the zinc and hybrids and their interaction were significant at 1% of probability in grain yield, grain protein, grain oil content, grain moisture content and proline content in leaves. The highest leaf proline content was observed in every furrow irrigation by 30.21 mg/g which it had 39.86% significant difference with full irrgiation by 21.60 mg/g. The highest grain content was observed in zinc fast foliar application by 28.50 mg/g, while in none zinc spray (control), this amount was reduced to 18.09 mg/g by 57.54% reducing. According to research, alternative irrigation and fast zinc spray on Challenger hybrid is recommendable in deficit water conditions.
Bijan Mehregan; Sadegh Mousavi Fard; Abdolhossein Rezaei Nezhad
Volume 20, Issue 1 , Spring 2018, , Pages 299-314
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of silicon (Si) on alleviation of the drought-reverse effects in two Althernanthera genotypes “Entire leaf” and “Undulated leaf”. Pot experiment, consists of equal parts of soil, sand and manure, was carried out as factorial based ...
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The present study aimed to investigate the effect of silicon (Si) on alleviation of the drought-reverse effects in two Althernanthera genotypes “Entire leaf” and “Undulated leaf”. Pot experiment, consists of equal parts of soil, sand and manure, was carried out as factorial based on a completely randomized design with six replications. After plants establishment, 0, 1 and 2 mM of silicon were weekly sprayed on plants grown under drought stress conditions (90% field capacity (FC), 75 and 55 percent FC). Si treatment started one week before the beginning of drought stress. Samples were taken after 12 weeks of treatment. The analysis of variation showed that increasing drought stress significantly affected all morphological (plant height, stem diameter and root length), physiological (fresh and dry weight of stem and root, relative water content, electrolyte leakage) and biochemical (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, proline and anthocyanin) characteristics. Whereas, silicon application (especially with 2 mM concentration) alleviated the stress effects and improved growth parameters. Electrolyte leakage as an indicator of cell membrane integrity was decreased by application of silicon. Results of this study showed that different varieties have the variable resistance to stress. In this study, “Undulated leaf” genotype was more resistant compared to “Entire leaf”. So, it can be cultivated in gardens in areas where the water scarcity is prevalent.
Seyed marziyeh Hosseini valashkolaee; Yahya Tajvar; Masoud Azadbakht; Zeinab Rafie-rad
Volume 19, Issue 4 , Winter 2018, , Pages 979-994
Abstract
Low temperature stress is one of the most important abiotic environmental stresses that affects the growth and yield of ornamental plants. In order to investigate of some physiological and biochemical indices of four varieties of ornamental Citrus used in urban landscapes under low temperature stress ...
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Low temperature stress is one of the most important abiotic environmental stresses that affects the growth and yield of ornamental plants. In order to investigate of some physiological and biochemical indices of four varieties of ornamental Citrus used in urban landscapes under low temperature stress conditions, a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications was conducted in the Citrus and Subtropical Fruits Research Center of Ramsar in 2015. Treatments were included the temperature with four levels (3, 0, -3 and -6˚C) and four varieties of ornamental Citrus including (Kumquat, Fingered citron, Calamondin and Limequat). Results showed that amounts of electrolyte leakage, water soaking, prolin content, antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase activity were increased significantly by reducing of temperature, while chlorophyll and total chlorophyll contents were decreased. Accordingly, the lowest leaf water soaking (20.92%) and electrolyte leakage (30.81%) amount, which are destructive indices, were showed in Kamquate. Total chlorophyll amount (2.21 mg/gFW), antioxidant capacity (60.61%) and superoxide dismutase activity (26.53 IU/gFW), that are tolerability indices, were more relevant at Kamquate. In general, Kumquat could tolerate the freezing stress up to -3°C by increasing of some indices such as proline, soluble sugars, antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase activity.
Hossein Rabbi Angorani; Jaber Panahandeh; Sahebali Boland nazar; Jalal Saba; fariborz Zare Nahandi
Volume 19, Issue 4 , Winter 2018, , Pages 853-865
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the most important consequences of drought stress. Salicylic acid is a phenolic compound which serves as a growth regulator in the induction of resistance to drought. In order to investigate the role of salicylic acid on some anti-oxidant enzymes and some biochemical attributes ...
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Oxidative stress is one of the most important consequences of drought stress. Salicylic acid is a phenolic compound which serves as a growth regulator in the induction of resistance to drought. In order to investigate the role of salicylic acid on some anti-oxidant enzymes and some biochemical attributes of medicinal pumpkin under drought stress, an experiment was designed 2014 in Zanjan University’s Research Farm, Iran. The study was arranged as factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications including drought stress at four level; control, mild stress, moderate stress, and severe stress have been arranged in four levels including (100, 85, 70 and 55% FC). Salicylic acid treatments included salicylic acid were applied as foliar application spray in four levels: 0 mg/l (solution spray with distilled water), 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mg/l. Measured traits included peroxidase, catalase, Beta-sitosterol and oil yield proline, electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde (membrane peroxidation index) content. The results showed that increasing drought stress levels reduced the oil yield, but in contrast, increasing the Beta-sitosterol, membrane peroxidation, electrolyte leakage, anti-oxidant enzymes such as catalase and peroxidase, while application of salicylic acid at 0.5 and 1 mg/l decreased oxidative stress, membrane peroxidation and Electrolyte leakage through increasing the anti-oxidant enzymes activities such as catalase and peroxidase and proline which led to a balanced rise in oil yield and Beta-sitosterol in mild and moderated stress. These results show an increase in plant resistance to drought as a result of salicylic acid application.