Mehdi Hadadi Nejad; hamidreza fanaei; NadAli Bagheri; Manni Marefatzadeh-Khameneh; Noosheen Rahmani
Abstract
Objective: The global shift toward phytotherapy has made the conservation of medicinal plant species critically important. One challenge in developing black cumin cultivation is the limited knowledge of traits influencing yield improvement, as well as the lack of populations or improved cultivars with ...
Read More
Objective: The global shift toward phytotherapy has made the conservation of medicinal plant species critically important. One challenge in developing black cumin cultivation is the limited knowledge of traits influencing yield improvement, as well as the lack of populations or improved cultivars with suitable agronomic characteristics adapted to diverse ecological conditions. This research aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of native black cumin ecotypes using morpho-phenological markers and to identify suitable genotypes for cultivation in the Karaj region.Methods: Twenty native ecotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications during the 2021-2022 growing season at the research farm of the Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII) in Karaj, Iran.Results: Analysis of variance revealed significant diversity among ecotypes for phenological traits (days to flowering and maturity), plant height, yield, and yield components (number of follicles per plant, number of seeds per follicle, and thousand-seed weight). Mean comparisons using Duncan's multiple range test (P ≤ 0.05) showed that the highest seed yield was recorded in ecotypes with the greatest longitudinal and transverse follicle diameters, highest number of follicles per plant, highest number of seeds per follicle, and highest thousand-seed weight. The lowest and highest seed yields belonged to ecotypes TN-82-191 (946 kg/ha) and TN-82-750 (1749 kg/ha), respectively, representing a 45.88% difference. Furthermore, ecotype TN-82-750 showed a 26.08% superiority over the average yield. Seed yield displayed a significant positive correlation with follicle length (r= 0.67), number of follicles per plant (r = 0.84), and number of seeds per follicle (r= 0.60). Cluster analysis grouped the ecotypes into three distinct classes. The first group contained late-flowering and late-maturing ecotypes with higher stem branch numbers, plant height, and follicle diameter. The second group exhibited the highest seed yield, which was possibly attributable to a longer seed-filling period (i.e., the interval between flowering and seed maturity). Factor analysis indicated that the first three factors accounted for 73.90% of the total variation, named as morpho-phenological traits factor, yield and yield components factor, and longitudinal growth index factor, respectively.Conclusion: Ecotype TN-82-750 was identified as an early-maturing, high-yielding sample; TN-82-691, TN-59-224, and IPK as medium-maturing; and TN-59-254 as a late-maturing, high-yielding ecotype. These ecotypes can be recommended for different regions depending on available water and input conditions. Overall, a high potential for genetic diversity was observed among the ecotypes, which—given their native status and high adaptability—can serve as a valuable genetic resource in breeding programs.
Mahtab Noori; Farangis Ghanavati; Gholam Reza Bakhshi khaniki; Hamid Sobhanian; Hamid Reza Fanay
Abstract
Objective: In order to investigate the effect of irrigation intervals, 15 selected Okra genotypes from the National Gene Bank of Iran were cultivated and evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the 2020-2021 crop year in the experimental research farm of the Seedling ...
Read More
Objective: In order to investigate the effect of irrigation intervals, 15 selected Okra genotypes from the National Gene Bank of Iran were cultivated and evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the 2020-2021 crop year in the experimental research farm of the Seedling and Seed Breeding Research Institute in Karaj (Seed and Plant Improvement Institute).Methods: After the plants entered the three-leaf stage, irrigation was done once every 5 and 10 days.Results: The results of the analysis of variance showed that the effect of drought stress on all measured traits, including plant height, fruit yield, biological yield, number of ripe fruits, weight of ripe fruit, diameter of ripe fruit, number of seeds per ripe fruit, 1000-seed weight, sugar, and protein content, was statistically significant. Under drought-stress conditions, the mean of all evaluated traits (except soluble sugars) was reduced. The highest fruit yield (12.06 tons per hectare) belonged to genotype 10, which decreased by 37.5% compared to the non-stress conditions of this genotype. Genotypes 1 and 12 had the least change in protein content, genotypes 4 and 6 had the least change in sugar content, and genotypes 9 and 11 had the least change in biological function. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained from this experiment, the best genotype in terms of fruit yield was genotype 10, and in terms of biological function, genotypes 9 and 11 were recommended for use in areas with water shortages.
Hamid Jabbari; Hamid Reza Fanaei; Farnaz Shariati; Hamid Sadeghi Garmarodi; Mohamad Abasali; Amir Hasan Omidi
Abstract
This study evaluates the genetic diversity of 122 safflower genotypes from the institute of plant genetics and crop plant research (IPK) and International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT). It compares their agronomic characteristics with five Iranian Safflower cultivars. Conducted at research ...
Read More
This study evaluates the genetic diversity of 122 safflower genotypes from the institute of plant genetics and crop plant research (IPK) and International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT). It compares their agronomic characteristics with five Iranian Safflower cultivars. Conducted at research field of Seed and Plant Improvement Research Institute in Karaj between 2017 and 2018, the experiment uses an Augmented with randomized complete block design. Results indicate high genetic variation in the germplasm. Among safflower genotypes, thirty-six genotypes without thistle, eighty-one genotypes with thorns, and ten genotypes with few thistle have been observed. Principal component analysis helps identifying three main components that account for 56.5% of the total variations. The first and second components account for 29.5% and 15.9% of the total variation, respectively. These are named as a yield components and phenology and plant architecture, respectively. Safflower genotypes are divided into four groups by principal components analysis (PCA). Genotypes in the first groups have the higher grain yield than others. Genotype No. 70 with the highest grain yield (5667 kg.ha-1) is placed in this group. Numerical values of yield components such as 1000-seed weight, number of heads, and number of seeds per plant in the third group stand higher than other groups. Generally, German genotype No. 70 with high yield and genotype No. 45 with early flowering can be used in safflower breeding programs.