Fatemeh Ghasemi; Weria Weisany; Marjan Diyanat; Mahmood Moradi
Abstract
The use of densitiy and cultivars that have high competitiveness are effective ways to control weeds in the integrated management system. The present study aims at increasing competitive ability of some dryland chickpea cultivars against weeds under different plant densities. Therefore, an experiment ...
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The use of densitiy and cultivars that have high competitiveness are effective ways to control weeds in the integrated management system. The present study aims at increasing competitive ability of some dryland chickpea cultivars against weeds under different plant densities. Therefore, an experiment has been conducted as a split factorial in a Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications in the research farms of the Kurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Garizeh Agricultural Research Station, Sanandaj, Iran, during the 2020-2021 growing seasons. Experimental treatments include different plant density (30, 36, and 42 plants.m-2) as main plot, seven cultivars (Azad, Jam, Hashem, ILC482, Pirooz, Kaka, and a local variety), and weed management (no weeding and hand weeding during the whole growing season) as subplots. Results indicate that weeding operations are effective in increasing the number of pod per plant by 35.63%. Also, it is observed that there have beem significant differences among yield and yield components of the studied cultivars. ILC482 and Kaka cultivars have had the highest and lowest number of main branches at 3.82 and 2.58 values, respectively. The highest number of secondary branches obtained at a density of 30 plants.m-2. Furthermore, the highest number of pods per plant registered for Pirooz and Jam cultivars and the lowest number of pods per plant has been 7.98 in Hashem cultivar. The highest grain yield, indices of tolerance and competition and the lowest weed density observed for the Jam cultivar. In all examined cultivars, the number of seeds per square meter, grain yield and ability withstand competition index improve with increasing plant density so that the highest values are achieved at the plant density of 42 plants.m-2.
Maryam Falahatkar Gangi; Weria Weisany; Marjan Diyanat
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of different mycorrhizal fungai species and drought stress levels on physiological characteristics of chickpea cultivars, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in the greenhouse of Kurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research ...
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In order to investigate the effect of different mycorrhizal fungai species and drought stress levels on physiological characteristics of chickpea cultivars, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in the greenhouse of Kurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center in 2020. Its factors include irrigation at three levels (optimal irrigation at field capacity, moderate stress, and severe stress), application of mycorrhizal fungus at four levels (mosseae, Simiglomus hoi, Rhizophagus irregularis, and no inoculation (control)) and chickpea cultivar at two levels (ILC-482 and Pirooz). Results show that irrigation level has had a significant effect on the evaluated traits. Thus, by decreasing the amount of available plant water, both dry weight and chlorophyll content drops. Catalase activity increases under severe stress, compared to moderate stress and lack of drought stress up to 37% and 71.9% in Pirooz cultivar and up to 69.4% and 82.6% in ILC-482 cultivar, respectively. In case of the latter, the highest peroxidase activity is observed in severe stress conditions, which almost doubled compared to non-stress treatment. The activity of peroxidase enzyme is affected by the use of mycorrhizal fungi so that plants inoculated with G. mosseae has had the highest and non-inoculation with mycorrhiza the lowest peroxidase activity. In severe stress, the lowest amount of malondialdehyde has been obtained using G. mosseae. Inoculation of chickpeas with mycorrhizal fungi can be considered as a way to improve growth in non-stress conditions and increase tolerance to drought stress conditions.