Samaneh Jahanpanah; Mahmoud Ghasemnejad; Younes Ebrahimi
Abstract
Incomplete pollination of kiwifruit flowers could be the main limiting factor which reduces marketable kiwifruit quality. Therefore, at the current study effect of pollen suspension and dry pollen as supplemental artificial pollination were evaluated on characteristics such as fruit size, fruit weight, ...
Read More
Incomplete pollination of kiwifruit flowers could be the main limiting factor which reduces marketable kiwifruit quality. Therefore, at the current study effect of pollen suspension and dry pollen as supplemental artificial pollination were evaluated on characteristics such as fruit size, fruit weight, seed number, dry matter percent, tissue firmness, total soluble solid, and vitamin C content, mineral nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphors, potassium, calcium, and magnesium of Hayward Kiwifruit. The results showed that pollination with dry pollen, at the 60% of full bloom stage, increased marketable fruits in compare to other treatments. There are more seed number in these fruits (11% and 5% respectively), which result to increase fruit size, length and diameter as compare to pollen suspension and control. Fruit vitamin C could not affect by pollination, but fruit dry matter of flowers which pollinated at 60% of full bloom was the higher than the other treatments. Supplemental pollination with dry pollen increased fruit calcium, which resulted to improve nitrogen to calcium, potassium to calcium, the sum of potassium and magnesium to calcium, the sum of nitrogen and potassium to calcium ratios. Overall, it seems that supplemental pollination, especially with dry pollen at 60% of full bloom stage, could improve pollination and ovules fertilization. In conclusion, the same fruits have more seed number and strength sink for accumulation assimilate and mineral elements especially calcium. Overall, the profit of supplemental pollination with dry pollen was calculated about 48,800,000 Rials per hectare.
Mahmood Ghasemnezhad; Hossein Meighani; Somayeh Eftekhari
Abstract
To study the evaluation of ripening index on qualitative parameters of three olive cultivars ('Zard', 'Local-Roghani' and 'Arbequin') in Roudbar city of Gilan province, an experiment was carried out according to a factorial based on completely randomized design with three replications in 2014. Fruits ...
Read More
To study the evaluation of ripening index on qualitative parameters of three olive cultivars ('Zard', 'Local-Roghani' and 'Arbequin') in Roudbar city of Gilan province, an experiment was carried out according to a factorial based on completely randomized design with three replications in 2014. Fruits were harvested at ripening index 3.5, 4 and 5 according to the method proposed by the international olive oil council and after oil extraction, its biochemical and qualitative characteristics were assessed. The results showed significant increases in dry mater, peroxide value, free fatty acid, extinction coefficient at 232 and 270 nm, coupled with significant decline in total phenolics and flavonoids, carotenoid and chlorophyll pigments and antioxidant activity with advancing ripening index. Also, significant differences were observed among the olive cultivars in the all above traits. Total phenolics of olive oil in the 'Local-Roghani' cultivar at ripening index 3.5, 4 and 5 respectively with averages of 941.27, 657.74 and 310.32 mg/kg were more than others. However peroxide value, that is an undesirable trait in the olive oil, was higher in the 'Local-Roghani' cultivar. Although the antioxidant activity among olive cultivars was varied at ripening index 3.5 and 4, but no significant differences were observed at ripening index 5. Overall, the results showed that an increasing in the fruit ripening index was accompanied with decreased in the antioxidant compounds and sensitivity to oxidation of olive oil. Therefore, the oils obtained from the fruits at ripening index 3.5 had greater stability and sustainability.
Hossein Meighani; Mahmood ghasemnezhad; Abouzar Hashempour
Abstract
In this study the pomological characteristics and antioxidant compounds of 13 genotypes of ber fruit collected from the Hormozgan province were evaluated. Ber fruits harvested at commercial maturity stage and their quantitative and qualitative characteristics were studied. The results showed that there ...
Read More
In this study the pomological characteristics and antioxidant compounds of 13 genotypes of ber fruit collected from the Hormozgan province were evaluated. Ber fruits harvested at commercial maturity stage and their quantitative and qualitative characteristics were studied. The results showed that there is a significant difference between ber genotypes for these traits. The highest fruit and flesh weight, fruit diameter and fruit flesh percentage was related to genotype G3. The highest fruits and seeds were belonged to genotype G11. The level of total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA) and TSS/TA ratio were higher respectively in the G9, G3 and G10 genotypes than others. Biochemical measurement results showed that the total phenolics and flavonoids content and antioxidant capacity of fruits is the highest in the genotype G5, while the highest amount of vitamin C obtained from genotype G4. Amount of catechin and quercetin of flavonoids were maximum, respectively in the genotypes G3 and G10. Positive correlation was observed between the amount of antioxidant activity with vitamin C, total phenolics and flavonoids content of ber fruit genotypes. Overall, the results of this study demonstrated that sensory attributes in the G10 and quantitative properties and antioxidant compounds in G3 genotype were higher and ber could be cultivated as a fruit with high nutritional values in the appropriate areas.
Mohammad Reza Zarea Bavany; Gholamali Peyvast; Mahmoud Ghasemnezhad; Akbar Forghani
Abstract
Salinity is the main limiting environmental factor on plant growth and production. Therefore, finding salinity tolerant cultivars result to increase crop yield and production. However, a factorial experiment was carried out based on randomized complete block design with three replicates in hydroponic ...
Read More
Salinity is the main limiting environmental factor on plant growth and production. Therefore, finding salinity tolerant cultivars result to increase crop yield and production. However, a factorial experiment was carried out based on randomized complete block design with three replicates in hydroponic culture. Two salinity levels (0 and 100mM NaCl) were considered the first factor and 26 greenhouse pepper cultivars was the second. Results showed a significant difference for all studied characteristics. Salt stress decreased all characteristics except to total dry matter percent and sodium concentration. The increase in sodium content accompanied with the decrease in potassium, calcium content and growth indices. Results showed a significant negative correlation between sodium with vegetative indices, potassium to sodium ratio, calcium to sodium ratio in all cultivars. Overall, ‘Paramo’, ‘Efests’ and ‘SPADI’ were known as the most tolerant pepper cultivars. According to finding of this study, the characteristics such as shoot sodium content and stress tolerance index can be used for screening salinity tolerance in pepper cultivars.
Erfan Sepahvand; Mahmood GHasem nejhad; Mohammad Reza Fattahi Moghadam; Alireza Talaei; Mohammad Ali Askari
Abstract
In this study, the effect of foliar spray with calcium chloride (0, 0.75, 1.5 and 3 g L-1) during 2, 4 and 6 weeks before commercial harvesting time of apple fruit cv. ‘Gala’ and ‘Delbarestival’ which trained in three different systems (V shape, HighTech and Cordon) was investigated. ...
Read More
In this study, the effect of foliar spray with calcium chloride (0, 0.75, 1.5 and 3 g L-1) during 2, 4 and 6 weeks before commercial harvesting time of apple fruit cv. ‘Gala’ and ‘Delbarestival’ which trained in three different systems (V shape, HighTech and Cordon) was investigated. The results showed that types of training systems and foliar application of calcium can affect on fruits quality at harvest time. Tree yield, fruits weigh and fruit tissue firmness of ‘Gala’ was significantly higher than ‘Delbarestival’. Furthermore, calcium spray increased fruit firmness in compared to control and TA deacresead in compared to control. Calcium treatment increased fruit skin a* value that means more antocyanin synthesis and redness. Results generally showed that ‘Gala’ apple trained in HighTech and V shape systems as well as ‘Delbarestival’ in HighTech produced the higher fruits weight and size as well as quality favorite in compare to other system.
Erfan Sepahvand; Ali Momenpour; Ali Imani; Mahmoud Ghasemnejad
Abstract
This research was conducted to study some vegetative and reproductive traits as well as qualitative andquantitative characteristics and their correlation in 80 almond genotypes. Qualitative traits were studiedaccording to gulcan descriptor. Quantitative traits were analyzed as completely randomized design(CRD), ...
Read More
This research was conducted to study some vegetative and reproductive traits as well as qualitative andquantitative characteristics and their correlation in 80 almond genotypes. Qualitative traits were studiedaccording to gulcan descriptor. Quantitative traits were analyzed as completely randomized design(CRD), with 12 replications. The results showed that genotypes had significant difference in fruit, nut,kernel weight and kernel to nut weight ratio. No169 genotype was very late blooming and had large sizeand moderate quality fruits. Fruit, nut and kernel weight in this genotype were 12.50, 4.75 and 1.28,respectively. Kernel of this genotype was sweet with low shriveling, which are important of consumeracceptance. The traits correlation showed that fruit, nut and kernel weight and size, had significantpositive correlation together. Also, kernel taste had significant negative correlation with pubescence,shriveling and color intensity of kernel. Results of cluster analysis showed that, in Euclidean distance of25, all genotypes were divided into two main branches. With decrease in the Euclidean distance from 25to 5, the genotypes were divided into eight main subclusters. Cluster analysis revealed that the traits oftree high and growth vigor, fruit, nut and kernel size and shell sofftness and hardness were the maincharacteristics separating the genotypes.
Alireza Abdolahpour; Mahmoud Ghasemnejad; Ali Momenpour; Ali Reza Eshkvari
Abstract
In this study, effect of irrigation duration on concentration of some macro and micro nutrient elements in ‘Thompson Navel’ orange leaves grafted on three rootstocks was evaluated as a factorial experiment in completely randomized block design. Factors included rootstocks in three levels ...
Read More
In this study, effect of irrigation duration on concentration of some macro and micro nutrient elements in ‘Thompson Navel’ orange leaves grafted on three rootstocks was evaluated as a factorial experiment in completely randomized block design. Factors included rootstocks in three levels (Poncirus trifoliata, Citrus aurantium and Troyer citrange (Citrus sinensis ´ Poncitus trifoliata)) and irrigation durations in four levels (2, 4, 6 and 8 days). The results showed that rootstocks and irrigation duration can significantly affect scion leaf nutrient elements concentration. With irrigation of two days intervals, the differences among citrus rootstocks for nutrient elements absorption was significant. In two days interval of irrigation (no stress), significantly higher copper concentrations by sour orange, potassium concentrations by poncirus and phosphor, nitrogen, iron and zinc by Troyer citrange rootstocks were absorbed as measured in ‘Thompson Navel’ leaves. In 8 days interval irrigation treatment, significantly higher copper and zinc concentrations by sour orange, nitrogen and potassium concentrations by poncirus and phosphor by troyer citrange rootstocks were measured in 'Thompson navel' leaf as a scion. Overall, all rootstocks used in this study, that are common citrus rootstocks in the North of Iran, did not show any preference in nutrient element absorption at drought stress conditions.
Kamran Amiri Nasab; Hedayat Zakizadeh; Mahmoud Ghasemnezhad; Hassan Biglouei
Abstract
Drought preconditioning (DP) is a method of irrigation with low frequency and longer duration, to extend the root system and suppress drought damage in plants. In the present study, the effect of DP for 30 days on increasing tolerance to drought stress in two turfgrass species, creeping bentgrass (Agrostis ...
Read More
Drought preconditioning (DP) is a method of irrigation with low frequency and longer duration, to extend the root system and suppress drought damage in plants. In the present study, the effect of DP for 30 days on increasing tolerance to drought stress in two turfgrass species, creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera cv.Palustris) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea cv. Greystone) was investigated. DP and control plants were irrigated for 50 days with different levels of soil suction (20-23,40-43, 50-53 and 70-73 centibar), and finally, plants were watered up to field capacity point for 15 days, to recover from stress. Results showed that DP significantly lead to reduction in shoot length and increase in root length in both turfgrass species. DP plants showed less shoot dry and fresh weight and also less electrolyte leakage (EL) at each levels of stress, in compare with the control. Furthermore, DP plants showed greater reduction in EL after recovery. DP treatment also reduced leaf RWC at the end of 50 days of stress and after recovery in tall fescue, but in creeping bentgrass retained it at the control level. Overall, it appears that DP treatment can increase tolerance to drought stress in two species with increasing root length, reducing shoot length and EL and preserving leaf RWC.
Mahmoud Ghasemnejad; Roghayeh Ghorban Ali pour; Javad Fattahi Mohgaddam
Volume 13, Issue 1 , August 2011, , Pages 55-64
Abstract
Harvesting time of kiwifruit can influence quality characteristics. The current research was carried out according to a completely randomized design with three replications at Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan in 2009. Weight loss, flesh firmness, total soluble solid (TSS), titritable ...
Read More
Harvesting time of kiwifruit can influence quality characteristics. The current research was carried out according to a completely randomized design with three replications at Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan in 2009. Weight loss, flesh firmness, total soluble solid (TSS), titritable acidity (TA), ascorbic acid, total phenol content and antioxidant capacity of harvested fruit at different times was measured after four months storage at 0.5?C. The results showed that fruit weight loss was significantly increased at the end of storage time when fruits harvested with higher ?brix (more than 6.5). Furthermore, flesh firmness of these fruits was significantly reduced during storage. Delay in harvest was resulted to increase of TSS and TSS/TA. Data showed that total phenols and ascorbic acid increased significantly with delay in harvesting time up to 8.5 and nine °brix, respectively after four months storage at 0.5?C and thereafter declined, however antioxidant capacity was higher when fruits harvested with 6.5 and nine ?brix as compared with other harvesting times. Overall, although delay in harvest might increase antioxidant compounds in kiwifruit but reduced storage quality of fruits.